Kuva mu 1996 ku bwa Mobutu Sese Seko kugeza ubu Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo iyoborwa na Felix Tshisekedi Tshilombo, uburazirazuba bw�iki gihugu bwugarijwe n�umutekano muke uterwa n�imitwe yitwaje intwaro (inyeshyamba) yo mu gihugu n�ituruka mu mahanga. Ariko turibanda kumitwe ituruka mu mahanga.
Interahamwe n�ingabo zahoze ari uz�u Rwanda nibo babimburiye indi mitwe iva mu mamahanga muri iki gihugu, ubwo bahungaga u Rwanda ubwo ingabo za RPA zari zimaze gufata igihugu. Uyu mutwe wari ugizwe n�ingabo zo muri Ex-FAR (izari ingabo z�u Rwanda), abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abaturage bahungiye yo n�abakomeje gufatirwayo bugwate ndetse n�ababihisemo ubwabo. Uyu mutwe ni wo waje guhinduka FDLR y�ubu, na yo yamaze kwigabamo indi mitwe, abandi bitandukanya na yo.
Ubu imitwe ivugwa cyane muri iki gihugu za Mai Mai (imitwe ikomoka imbere mu gihugu), FDLR, ADF (umutwe waturutse muri Uganda bivugwa ko ushamikiye kuri Islamu), Raia Mutomboki, RUD Urunana (umutwe wiyomoye kuri FDLR), CNRD ushamikiye kuri FDLR. RNC ya Kayumba Nyamwasa na yo iri muri iki gihugu ndetse na FLN ya Paul Rusesabagina, Red Tabara na FOREBU yo mu Burundi n�indi kuko bivugwa ko iki gihugu gifite imitwe irenga 20. Nk�uko bigaragara imitwe myinshi muri iyi ni ikomoka mu Rwanda.
Hari indi mitwe yagiyeho nyuma ikaza gusenyuka nka RCD, MLC ya Jean Pierre Bemba, CNDP ya Laurent Nkunda na Gen. Bosco Ntaganda yahindutse M23. Iyi mitwe yose igaragara mu burasirazuba bwa Congo/Kinshasa. Ingoma ya Mobutu Sese Seko, iya Laurent Desire Kabila, iya Joseph Kabila n�iya Tshisekedi zamenye iki kibazo. Felix Tshisekedi bigaragara ko yazanye amatwara adasanzwe mu kurandura iyi mitwe twavuga ko izindi ngoma zayinaniwe.
Ku bwa Tshisekedi, FARDC yatangiye kugaba ibitero ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro yabaye intandaro y�umutekano muke kuva tariki ya 30 Ukwakira 2019. Imitwe yagizweho ingaruka nyinshi ni FDLR na ADF mu burasirazuba bw�igihugu.
Ku ruhande rw�imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi bw�u Rwanda, mbere y�iyi tariki, FARDC yishe Lt. Gen. Sylivestre Mudacumura wari umuyobozi wa FDLR, ifata La Forge Fils Bazeye na Abega. Yishe kandi umuyobozi wa RUD Urunana, Gen. Afurika Jean Michel tariki ya 9 Ugushyingo, ifata Maj. Habib Mudathiru wa RNC. Tariki ya 18 Ugushyingo kandi, i Mopobu FARDC yishe abayobozi ba ADF harimo uwitwaga Mzee wa Kazi na Sarah, tariki ya 29, umuyobozi mukuru Maj. Gen. Kasongo na we yarishwe.
Ibi byose biri gukurikirana no gukurwa mu birindiro by�iyi mitwe, gufatwa no kurambika intwaro kw�abarwanyi bayo benshi mu bice nka Kalehe muri Kivu y�Amagepfo. Bituma hibazwa aho Tshisekedi n�ingabo za Congo, FARDC bari gukura izi mbaraga zari zarabuze
Si ubwa mbere FARDC bagerageza uburyo bwo guhashya imitwe yitwaje intwaro muri iki gice cy�igihugu. Hafashwe ingamba nyinshi mu bihe bitandukanye ariko yanze kuva mu burasirazuba bw�igihugu. Inyito �Sokola� isobanuye gusukura. Izi operasiyo za Sokola 2 zabanjirijwe na Sokola 1 ku bwa Joseph Kabila na yo yari igamije kurandura iyi mitwe ariko nta kigaragara cyagezweho.
Mu 2009, ingabo z�u Rwanda n�iza Congo zahuriye muri Operasiyo Umoja Wetu yagombaga kurandura imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi bw�u Rwanda yari mu bice nka za Masisi, Rutshuru na za Walikale ariko ziracyavugwa. Izi operasiyo ziri gukorwa ubu ngubu (Sokola 2) ziratanga ikizere ko iyi mitwe yaranduka, hashingiwe ku mbaraga ingabo z�igihugu ziri gukoresha. Gusa hibazwa aho zaba ziri kuzikura cyane ko ziri mu ngabo zafatwaga nk�insina ngufi nk�uko bamwe mu bahoze muri FDLR batashye mu Rwanda babivuga. Bati: " ingabo za Congo zikangaga umwanzi, zigata intwaro!"
FARDC yatangaje ko iri kugaba ibi bitero simusiga yonyine gusa hari amakuru yagiye avugwa ko hari ingabo zikomeye zaturutse mu mahanga zaba ziri kuyifasha. Ubufaransa na bwo bwemereye Perezida Tshisekedi ko buzafasha ingabo z�igihugu cye muri iki gikorwa gusa nta wamenya niba bwarohereje ingabo zabwo mu buryo bw�ibanga cyangwa bukaba bwarahaye FARDC intwaro n�ubundi bufasha burimo n�ubutasi nk�uko Macron yabitangaje ubwo yahuraga na Tshisekedi mu minsi ishize.
Abaturage ba Congo/Kinshasa cyane abo muri teritwari ya Beni bamaze iminsi bari mu myigaragambyo yirukana ingabo za ONU ziri mu butumwa bw�amahoro, MONUSCO bayishinja kutarinda amahoro n�umutekano kandi ari byo byayijyanyeyo. Izi ngabo byavuzwe ko koko zidafasha FARDC muri iyi gahunda ariko amakuru avugwa mu buyobozi bwa Congo ngo ni uko abenshi muri ba nyirabayazana b�iyi myigaragambyo ari abandi bantu bafite icyo bagamije.
Perezida Tshisekedi aherutse gusaba MONUSCO guhaguruka igafasha ingabo z�igihugu muri ibi bikorwa muri Beni. Umuntu yakwibaza niba izi ngabo zarageze aho zikifatanya na FARDC muri iki gikorwa mu ntara zombi, aho kuba Beni gusa, aho ADF ikomeje kwica abaturage cyane mu gisa no kwihorera.
Abaturage na bo bashyigikiye FARDC na bo ni intwaro ikomeye muri ibi bikorwa. Ifatwa rya Asifiwe Manudi Nshimiyimana wari wungirije umuyobozi w�umutwe w�ingabo zidasanzwe za FDLR witwa CRAP yafatiwe i Goma ku makuru yatanzwe n�abaturage. Ubuyobozi bwa FDLR bwemeje ko Nshimiyimana yafashwe yari yagiye kwivuza.
Hari uruhande runenga uburyo izi operasiyo ziri gukorwa
Muri teritwari ya Kalehe muri Kivu y�Amagepfo byavuzwe ko FARDC bari kugaba ibitero ku nkambi z�impunzi, ubu izirenga 30,000 zikaba zarataye ibyazo. Muri izi mpunzi, harimo 20,000 zakwiye imishwaro ubwo mu nkambi yazo hatewe bombe zigera kuri 50, zimwe zirapfa nk�uko amakuru abivuga.
Amakuru avuga ko abibasirwa cyane muri Kalehe ari impunzi z�abanyarwanda zahunze muri za 1990. Byavuzwe ko abatarataha batagifite izina ry�ubuhunzi gusa amategeko mpuzamahanga yemerera abashaka kuguma mu nkambi bitewe n�impamvu zabo. Hibazwa impamvu yaba yihishe inyuma y�uko kwibasirwa kuko biramutse ari ukuri, ntabwo icyo FARDC yaba igambiriye ari ukurandura imitwe, ahubwo yaba ari indi igoye kumenyekana. Biramutse ari ukuri nk�uko bamwe batuye muri Kalehe babivuga, uburasirazuba bw�igihugu bwakomeza kuba icumbi ry�imitwe yitwaje intwaro yananiranye bitewe n�impamvu zitandukanye zivugwa.
Impamvu ya mbere ivugwa ni uko abayobozi batambutse babigizemo ubushake buke, ahubwo bifuza ko hahora akavuyo bikaboroherera kuba bacukura amabuye y�agaciro iki gice kigwije. Aya makuru avugwa ku bakuru b�ibihugu bayoboye ndetse n�abatware babashamikiyeho. Nta warenza amaso ku bivugwa ko impamvu imitwe yitwaje intwaro yiyongera kandi igakomera kuri iki gihugu ari amabuye y�agaciro akibamo.
Kuba ibihugu bituranye na Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo byarigeze kudacana uwaka, biri mu mpamvu yakomeza gucumbikira imitwe ibirwanya ndetse ikaba yayiha n�ubufasha. Iki gihugu gicumbikiye imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi bw�u Rwanda igihe kirekire ndetse na Red Tabara irwanya ubutegetsi bw�u Burundi, ADF yo ikaba ituruka muri Uganda nk�uko twabikomojeho haruguru.
Tukivuga kuri ADF , uyu mutwe ibyawo ni urujijo kuko utajya utangaza ibikorwa byawo ngo hamenyekane icyo ugambiriye. Bivugwa ko urwanya ubutegetsi bwa Uganda ariko nta na rimwe wari wigamba gutera cyangwa kugerageza gutera Uganda ahubwo utera muri Congo/Kinshasa haba mu mugi wa Beni no mubyaro biwegereye. Aho hose amakuru yakomeje kutugeraho ni uko usogota abaturage badafite aho bahuriye n�intambara, ukabica bunyamaswa. Aha niho abantu batari bake bibaza iby�ubu bwicanyi bwa ADF idatera FARDC cyangwa ku mupaka wa Uganda byegeranye, ahubwo ikirara mu baturage hakurya y�umupaka. Urwo rujijo rero ruratera kwibazwaho.
Muri rusange imitwe yitwara gisirikare muri Congo irarenga 100. Nk�uko twabigaragaje hejuru, nta gihe hatafashwe ingamba zo kurwanya iyo mitwe ariko nyuma y�igihe kirekire amazina yayo akongera kumvikana mu makuru kimwe n�ivuka ry�indi mishya.
Ibintu bigoye cyane bituma umuntu yibaza niba iki cyaba koko ari igihe cyo kuyirandura burundu cyangwa niba nyuma y�iyi ntambara bizamera nk�ibya mbere.
Abahanga mu by�imiyoborere basanga ibi bitero bidashobora kugira icyo bitanga nk�umusaruro mwiza kuko ngo �aho gukemura amakimbirane ubanza kurandura imizi yayo (ikiyatera)�.
Mu biyatera havugwa imiyoborere mibi y�igihugu, amabuye y�agaciro akurura iyi mitwe n�amahanga, ubushobozi buke bw�ingabo za Congo, kwivanga kw�amahanga mu makimbirane ya Congo n�izindi. Muri make izi mpamvu zose zikubiye mu ziri imbere y�igihugu n�iziri hanze yacyo (internal and external factors). Kubanza kurandura izi mpamvu ni cyo gisubizo cyiza mu kugarura amahoro arambye.
Uku kwigamba no kwivuga ibigwi kwa FARDC ntibizabatangaze mu bihe biri imbere ziryojwe cyangwa zirezwe ibyaha by�intambara cyangwa ibyibasiye inyokomuntu kubera iyicwa ry�abaturage muri ibi bikorwa bise ibyo " gusukura" mu gihe ababatiza umurindi bazaba biturije.
Ntawe ukunda intambara, ntawe udakunda amahoro ni yo mpamvu mu bikorwa nk�ibi bisaba kwigengesera no kwitondera ingaruka mbi zaboneka cyane cyane izikora ku muturage.
1 Ibitekerezo
Kuwa 06/12/19
prident wa Congo barikumuhenda bazomukureho nkibwa muminsi amakosa azokwagirizwa ntazoyitura
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