Mu myaka 30 ishize ku itariki nk�iyi ya 11 Gashyantare mu 1990, ni bwo miliyoni z�abirabura bo muri Afurika y�Epfo babonye umunsi bari bamaze igihe bategereje, ubwo Nelson Mandela, impirimbanyi yaharaniye uburenganzira bwabo, yafungurwaga nyuma y�imyaka 27 ari muri gereza.
Nelson Mandela yavutse ku itariki 18 Nyakanga 1918 apfa ku itariki 05 Ukuboza mu 2013 ku myaka 95 y’amavuko. Yari umuyobozi w�impinduramatwara yo kurwanya ivanguramoko, aba umunyapolitiki wayoboye Afurika y�Epfo kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1999.
Niwe mwirabura wa mbere wayoboye iki gihugu, aba n�umuyobozi wa mbere wacyo watowe binyuze mu nzira ya demokarasi. Guverinoma ye yibanze ku kurandura ibisigisigi by�ivanguraruhu ivugurura inzego zariho zishingiye ku ivangura ndetse agira n�uruhare mu kongera kwunga Abanya-Afurika y�Epfo bose. Yabaye perezida w�ishyaka ANC kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 1997.
Itabwa muri yombi n�ifungwa
Ku itariki 05 kanama 1962 nibwo Igipolisi cyataye muri yombi Mandela ari kumwe n�umusangirangendo we, Cecil Williams bafatirwa hafi y�ahitwa Howick.
Itabwa muri yombi rye ryavuzweho byinshi bitandukanye, ariko hashize igihe Donald Rickard, wahoze ari umudipolomate wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ahishura ko CIA, yatinyaga ko Mandela yafatanya n�amashyirahamwe y�Abakomunisiti, ari yo yahaye Igipolisi cya Afurika y�Epfo amakuru y�aho yari aherereye.
Yabanje gufungirwa i Johannesburg muri gereza izwi nka �Marshall Square Prison�, ashinjwa gushishikariza abakozi gukora imyigaragambyo no gusohoka mu gihugu atabifitiye uburenganzira nk�uko Wikipedia ivuga.
Mandela yiburaniye ku giti cye, ariko afite n�umujyanama witwa Slovo. Bivugwa ko Mandela yashakaga kwifashisha uru rubanza akarekana urwego ANC igezeho mu kwamagana ivanguraruhu. Ubwo ibihumbi n�ibihumbi by�Abirabura byari hanze y�urukiko bagiye kumushyigikira.
Yimuriwe muri Gereza ya Pretoria, aho umugore we, Winnie Mandela yari kubasha kumusura, atangira no gukurikirana amasomo y�icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu by�amategeko, aho yigaga mu buryo bw�iyakure muri Kaminuza ya London.
Urukiko rwagombaga gutangira kumwumva mu Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka, ariko iki gikorwa aracyivangira yanga guhamagara abatangabuhamya, maze kwiregura kwe abihinduramo imbwirwaruhame ya politiki.
Ku itariki 11 Nyakanga 1963, igipolisi cyagabye igitero mu gikingi cya Liliesleaf, gita muri yombi abantu bose cyahasanze ndetse kihakura n�inyandiko z�ibikorwa ry�ishami rya gisirikare rya ANC rizwi nka uMkhoto we Sizwe (MK), harimo izigaragaramo Mandela.
Urubanza rwatangiriye bushya mu Rukiko rw�Ikirenga rwa Pretoria mu Ukwakira, Mandela na bagenzi be bashinjwa ibyaha bine birimo kuvangira leta no kugambanira kuyihirika, aho umushinjacyaha yari Percy Yutar. Umucamanza Quartus de Wet ariko yaje gutera utwatsi ibirego by�ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta bimenyetso bihagije bufite.
Yutar ariko yongeye gutegura ibirego yitonze atanga ikirego gishya mu Ukuboza 1963, kugeza muri Gashyantare 1964 akaba yari amaze kugeza mu rukiko abatangabuhamya 173 no kugaragaza inyandiko zibarirwa mu bihumbi n�amafoto mu rubanza.
Nubwo bagenzi ba Mandela bahakanye kuba muri MK, Mandela n�abandi batanu bemeye ko bakoze ibikorwa byo kuvangira leta ariko bahakana ko bigeze bagira umugambi wo kurwanya guverinoma binyuze muri guerilla.
Na none Mandela na bagenzi be bifashishije urwo rubanza mu kugaragaza neza imigambi yabo ya politiki. ubwo bahabwaga umwanya wo kwiregura, Mandela yafashe ijambo ry�amasaha atatu ryiswe �Niteguye gupfa� (I Am Prepared to Die), ijambo bivugwa ko rifitanye isano n�irya Fidel Castro yahaye umutwe ugira uti: �Amateka azangira umwere� (History Will Absolve Me).
Bivugwa ko iri jambo rye ryagarutsweho cyane mu itangazamakuru nubwo leta yari yabibujije. Byatumye Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita kuri uru rubanza, maze Umuryango w�Abibumbye n�Akanama kawo gashinzwe amahoro bisaba irekurwa rya Mandela.
Ibi ariko ntibyabujije ko ku itariki ya 12 Kamena 1964, Mandela na bagenzi be babiri bahamwa n�ibyaha bine bari bakurikiranweho, Umucamanza De Wet abakatira igifungo cya burundu nubwo ubushinjacyaha bwo bwabasabiraga kwicwa.
Kuva icyo gihe kugeza afunguwe, Mandela yabaye muri gereza zitandukanye nk�iyo yatinzemo cyane ya Robben Island yafungiwemo kuva mu 1964 kugeza mu 1982, Gereza ya Pollsmoor yafungiwemo kuva mu 1982 kugeza mu 1988, na Gereza ya Victor Verster yabayemo kuva mu 1988 kugeza ubwo yafungurwaga mu 1990.
Ku itariki 11 Gashyantare 1990, ku munsi wo ku Cyumweru, nibwo Mandela yasohotse Gereza ya Victor Verster asanganirwa n�umugore we, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, azamura ukuboko kw�iburyo afunga igipfunsi asuhuza imbaga yari yagiye kumwakira.
Bivugwa ko kuva ubutegetsi bw�Abazungu bwarangira mu 1994, Afurika y�Epfo imaze kubamo amatora ya demokarasi, mu mucyo no mu bwisanzure, inshuro esheshatu zikurikiranya kandi yose agatsindwa n�ishyaka rya ANC.
Abahanga bakavuga ko impinduka za politiki zabaye muri Afurika y�Epfo zitari zarigeze zibaho kandi zidakwiye guteshwa agaciro nk�uko byemezwa n�umusesenguzi mu bya politiki, Dale McKinley.
Urubuga rwa politiki rwarafunguwe ndetse ifungwa rya hato na hato ry�abantu bazira ko bagaragaje ibitekerezo byabo byagiye bicika.
Mandela azahora yibukwa n�Abirabura nk�umucunguzi wabo, yibukwe n�Abanya-Afurika y�Epfo bose muri rusange nk�uwatumye haba agahenge mu mibanire y�amoko atuye igihugu.
Azahora anibukwa n�Isi n�Abanyafurika by�umwihariko nk�umuntu wagize uruhare mu gushakira amahoro n�ibindi bihugu nk�aho yabaye umuhuza mu biganiro by�amahoro hagati y�Abarundi, akagira uruhare mu biganiro byarangije Intambara ya Mbere ya Congo, ndetse u Rwanda rukaba rwaramwigiyeho byinshi mu bijyanye n�ubumwe n�ubwiyunge nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.
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