Jenoside: Urubanza rwa Dr Munyemana umaze imyaka 28 ahanganye n’ubutabera

Dr Munyemana SosthÃ¨ne, umugabo w’imyaka 68 wari muganga w’ababyeyi mbere no mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 aregwa icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Kuri uyu wa 14 Ugushyingo 2023 ni bwo urubanza rwe rwatangiye imbere y’Urukiko rwa Rubanda rwa Paris, mu Bufaransa. Ni nyuma y’imyaka 28, ikirego cya mbere kigejejwe imbere y’ubutabera.

Mu gihe cya jenoside, Dr Munyemana Sosthene yari umuganga mu bitaro bya Kaminuza ya Butare, mu majyepfo y’u Rwanda. Yari atuye ku musozi wa Tumba, aho yaba yarakoreye byinshi mu byaha akekwaho, birimo icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. Nyuma y’igihe gito ahungiye mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa, aho yageze amezi abiri nyuma ya jenoside, hari abahohotewe bamutanzeho ikirego mu mujyi wa Bordeaux, mu kwezi kw’Ukwakira 1995. Kuva icyo gihe ni bwo hatangiye urugamba rwo kumugeza imbere y’ubutabera, ari na ko na we yiburana.

Ni ukuvuga ko uru rugendo rw’amacenga rumaze imyaka 28. Imyaka 28 yabayemo gufatwa no kwambikwa igikomo cy’ikoranabuhanga gituma adacika ubutabera. Umwe mu barokotse jenoside, mu murenge wa Tumba, agira ati "Iminsi iba myinshi igahimwa n’umwe. Abacu bishwe kubera Sosthene, ubu koko baba bagiye guhabwa ubutabera?".

Akababaro n’ukwiruhutsa kw’uyu muturage wahohotewe agusangiye na Alain Gauthier, Perezida wa CPCR, Ihuriro ryo mu Bufaransa riharanira ubutabera ku bahohotewe muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Ubwo yaganiraga n’umunyamakuru Pierre LEPIDI w’ikinyamakuru Le Monde kuri iki kibazo, yagize ati "Gutegereza ubutabera bene aka kageni birababaje, biteye isoni, ndetse ntibiheshya ishema ubutabera".

Ubutabera mu nzira y’inzitane

Kuri iyi ngingo yo kunenga uburyo ubutabera bwatinze gutangwa, Gauthier asa n’uyivugaho rumwe n’avoka wunganira Munyemana. Me Jean-Yves Dupeux, umwunganira kuva mu 1995, na we asanga "Iyi myaka 28 ni agashya kabaye mu butabera. Kandi ni n’ikimenyetso kitari cyiza kuri bwo. Wenda umuntu yasobanura ko byatewe n’ubushobozi bucye bufite, intera ndende iri hagati y’ u Bufaransa n’u Rwanda, cyangwa se kuba ibihugu byombi byaracanye umubano [hagati ya 2006 na 2009], bikadindiza iperereza aho ibyaha byakorewe."

Munyemana yabajijwe n’abashinzwe iperereza inshuro zigera kuri cumi n’enye. Ibi byavuyemo umuzingo w’impapuro watumye dosiye ye iba nini cyane. Nk’uko byagarutsweho mu nyandiko ikubiyemo ibirego yashyikirijwe urukiko, "icyemezo [ndlr cyo kumuburanisha] ntigishobora kugaragaza, mu buryo busesuye, ubuhamya bwose bwatanzwe muri iyi dosiye, cyane cyane ko bubarirwa mu magana n’amagana."

Ku wa 18 Ukwakira 1995, ni bwo abanyarwanda batanu, mu batuye mu gihugu cy’u Bufaransa, batanze ikirego mu rukiko rwa Bordeaux. Bamuregaga iyicarubozo n’ibikorwa byibasiye inyokomuntu mu gihe cya jenoside. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa, hatangira iperereza. Gusa muri Nzeri 1997, Dr Munyemana, icyo gihe wakoraga mu bitaro byitiriwe Mutagatifu Andereya bya Bordeaux, na we yahise atanga ikirego. Mu kirego cye, yarezemo umuntu utazwi, asobanura ko raporo yahereweho akorwaho iperereza, ifite umutwe wa Komisariya y’Umuryango w’abibumbye yita ku mpunzi, yari impimbano.

Urufunguzo rwa segiteri Tumba!

Muri Mata 2007, urwego rw’ubushinjacyaha bwa Paris rwasabye yashyikirizwa urukiko. Muri uwo mwaka, Ikigo cy’u Bufaransa gishinzwe kurengera impunzi n’abatagira igihugu (Ofpra) cyatesheje agaciro ubusabe bw’ubuhungiro, gisobanura ko hari "impamvu zikomeye zituma hatekerezwa ko yagize uruhare mu cyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyomuntu". Mu mwaka wa 2008, u Rwanda na rwo ruhita rutangaza impapuro mpuzamahanga zo kumuta muri yombi. Gusa Urukiko rw’ubujurire rwa Bordeaux rwanzuye ko atagomba koherezwa mu Rwanda.

Amaherezo, nk’uko bivugwa mu nyandiko ikubiyemo ibirego yashyikirijwe urukiko, "nyuma y’ingendo nyinshi mu Rwanda z’ishami rya jandarumori rishinzwe iperereza, hamwe n’abacamnza bashinzwe iperereza, Munyemana Sosthene yagejejwe imbere y’umucamanza ku wa 15 Ukuboza 2011. Yarezwe ibyaha by’iyicarubozo n’iby’ubugome hashingiwe ku Masezerano y’i New York, icyaha cya jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu… Kuva icyo gihe yambikwa igikomo ari na ko yitaba ubutabera [ndlr. buri cyumweru]".

Komisiyo z’iperereza ku rwego mpuzamahanga zatangiye akazi kazo nko mu gihugu cy’u Bubiligi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, NorvÃ¨ge, Ubwongereza n’Ubusuwisi, mu rwego rwo gukusanya ibimenyetso bishya. Abatangabuhamya babarirwa muri 60 ni bo bategerejwe kumvwa mu rukiko.
Imbere y’urukiko, Munyemana SosthÃ¨ne agomba kwisobanura, by’umwihariko, ku kuba yari afite urufunguzo rwa Segiteri ya Tumba, hagati y’amatariki 24 Mata no hagati muri Gicurasi 1994.

Abatutsi baje kwihisha cyangwa se bakazanwa muri ibyo biro hafi ya bose bishwe urupfu rw’agashinyaguro, nk’uko binemezwa n’abatangabuhamya.

Ruzasomwa ku wa 19 Ukuboza

Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko y’ibirego yashyikirijwe urukiko, "ibyo bimenyetso byagaragaye kuva mu kirego cya mbere cyatanzwe mu 1995, bigenda bishimangirwa n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Rwanda. Ubwo yabazwaga ku buhamya bw’umuntu umwe rukumbi warokotse mu itsinda ry’abatutsi bakingiranywe mu biro bya segiteri, Munyemana yiyemereye, mu ibazwa rye rya mbere, ko koko urufunguzo rw’iyo nyubako yari arufite."

Bwana Simon Foreman, avoka wa CPCR muri uru rubanza, mu kiganiro na Le Monde, asanga kimwe n’izindi zarubanjirije, "uru rubanza na none ruzashingira ku cyizere cy’ubuhamya. Uregwa azigaragaza nk’umuntu uhohoterwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Kagame Paul [ndlr. perezida du Rwanda]." Gusa na none, Bwana Alain Gauthier asanga ngo "iburanisha rizagenda ryerekana ko hari abatangabuhamya bashyizweho agahato kugira ngo bamushinjure."

Munyemana SosthÃ¨ne yari afite imyaka 39 mu gihe cya jenoside. Nyuma yo gukora mu bitaro bya Bordeaux, yaje gutura i Villeneuve-sur-Lot aho afite itsinda ry’abantu bamushyigikiye. Me Jean-Yves Dupeux, ufatanyije na Me Florence Bourg, agira ati "Nubwo hashize imyaka myinshi, aracyarwana intambara, kandi dosiye ye ayizi mu mutwe MalgrÃ© les annÃ©es, il reste extrÃªmement combatif et connaÃ®t son dossier par cÅ“ur. Tugiye kwerekana ko bidashoboka ko nyuma y’imyaka 30 abantu baba bibuka bimwe na bimwe mu byabaye."

Biteganyijwe ko muri uru rubanza hazumvwa abatangabuhamya bagera kuri 66, barimo abahanga, abagize uruhare muri jenoside n’abahohotewe. Biteganyijwe ko, ku italiki ya 19 Ukuboza, urukiko rwa rubanda rwa Paris, ruyobowe na Marc SOMMERER, ruzafata icyemezo kimukatira cyangwa kimugira umwere.