Ikirego cyo gukurikirana Agatha Habyarimana kimaze imyaka 14 gitanzwe n’umuryango CPCR, ariko kugeza ubu ntarashyikirizwa inkiko ngo aburane. Iperereza rimaze imyaka itanu nta gishya muri dosiye. Uku gutinza urubanza bishobora gukururira ibihano u Bufaransa, nk’uko byagenze ku rubanza rwa Padiri Munyeshyaka rwamaze imyaka icyenda, urukiko rw’u Burayi rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu rugahana iki gihugu.
Urukiko rw’ubujurire rwa Paris, ruherutse gutera utwatsi ibyo gushyingura dosiye ya Agatha Habyarimana umaze imyaka 14 akorwaho iperereza, wari wasabye ko ryahagarara dosiye ye igashyingurwa. Ariko kuwa mbere tariki 30 Kanama urwo rukiko rwamukuriye inzira ku murima, rumubwira ko rudashobora kwakira ubusabe bwe.
Umwunganizi we Me Philippe Meilhac yahise atangaza ko atanyuzwe n’icyemezo kigamije gutinza nkana dosiye y’umukiriya we, anavuga ko agiye kongera kwandikira urwo rukiko rw’ubujurire avugurura ubusabe bwe.
Avugana n’Ijwi ry’Amerika, Me Meilhac avuga ko nibirenza uyu mwaka wa 2021 azajya kurega u Bufaransa mu rukiko rw’u Burayi rw’uburenganzira bwa muntu (CEDH), rusanzwe rugena igihe ntarengwa urubanza rugomba kumara.
Ati, “Umva, magingo aya tuzongera dusabe ubutabera bw’ u Bufaransa, ubusabe bwagombye gusuzumwa vuba nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko ,bitinze kugeza mu mpera z’ uyu mwaka ubutabera bw’ u Bufaransa ntibufate icyemezo cyo kurekera gukurikirana mu rukiko umukiriya wanjye, birumvikana ko nahita niyambaza urukiko rw’ i Burayi rurengera uburenganzira bw’ ikiremwamuntu, niko bimeze”.
Biramutse bigenze uko, u Bufaransa bwaba bwiteguye guhabwa ibihano na ruriya rukiko buzira gutinza dosiye y’undi Munyarwanda ukekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside, nk’uko byagenze mu 2004 ku idosiye ya Padiri Munyeshyaka.
Muti byagenze bite rero?
Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Me Gisagara Richard wunganira abantu mu nkiko zo mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, ngo ubusanzwe urukiko rw’ i Burayi rurengera uburenganzira bw’ ikiremwamuntu (Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) rukora mu buryo bwihariye, aho guhana bitari byo biza imbere.
Ati, « Ikiba kigamijwe cyane muri jugements zarwo ni ukwemeza ko igihugu runaka cyaviyoye convention européenne des droits de l’homme(kitubahirije amasezerano nyaburayi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu), ariko gishobora no kongeraho n’impozamarira cyangwa indishyi (des dommages et intérêts) nubwo atari yo ntego nyamukuru .
Mu gutinza dosiye yaregwagamo Padiri Munyeshyaka, uru rukiko rukorera i Strasbourg rwategetse u Bufaransa kwishyura Madame Mutimura wari wareze, amayero ibihumbi 10 y’akababaro ; ndetse n’andi ibihumbi bitatu by’ikurikirana rubanza.
Ni umwanzuro rwafashe tariki 8 Kamena 2004, nyuma y’aho Madame Mutimura arwiyambaje arusaba guhwitura u Bufaransa kubera ubutabera bwabwo bwatinze gufata icyemezo kuri dosiye ya Padiri Munyeshyaka wakekwagaho ibyaha bya Jenoside (wabihamijwe n’inkiko zo mu Rwanda).
Ni idosiye yari yaratangijwe mu 1995, ku bufatanye bwa bamwe mu barokotse Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994, cyane cyane abarokokeye kuri Paroisse ya Sainte Famille mu mujyi wa Kigali rwagati.
Ni dosiye yavuzwe cyane mu butabera (haba mu Rwanda cyangwa i Burayi), ariko byageze mu 2004 ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa butarayifataho umwanzuro.
Uru rukiko rero ruza gusanga imyaka icyenda ari myinshi, uko gutinda bifatwa nko kunyuranya n’amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ingingo ya 3 n’iya 6 z’amategeko urwo rukiko rugenderaho, zivuga ko « umuntu wese afite uburenganzira ku rubanza ruciwe mu gihe gikwiye kandi akanagira aho aregera ibitagenda (droit à un procès dans un délai raisonnable et droit à un recours effectif ).
Ni icyemezo cyishimiwe n’imwe mu miryango iharanira ko ubutabera butangwa, ndetse n’abaharanira inyungu z’abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994.
Bamwe mu barokotse bari muri iyo miryango bavugaga ko ibirego byinshi byatanzwe mu Bufaransa hagati ya 1995 na 2001, ariko byari bigeze 2004 nta dosiye n’imwe irafungurwa.
Iki cyemezo rero cyafashwe nk’igihwitura ubutabera bw’u Bufaransa, bwasaga nk’ubwatereye agati mu ryinyo ku bijyane n’amadosiye areba u Rwanda, ndetse n’andi ashingiye ku ihame ry’ububasha mpuzamahanga (le principe de compétence universelle).
Iki gihugu cyari cyarigize ntibindeba, nyamara kandi kuva tariki 22 Gicurasi 1996 cyaramaze gushyira mu mategeko yacyo ahana ibyaha, ingingo zemera ihame ry’ububasha mpuzamahanga.
Mu itegeko n° 96-432 bagira bati, « Kuva kuri iyi tariki, abakekwaho icyaha cya Jenoside bari ku butaka bw’u Bufaransa bashobora gukurikiranwa bagacirwa imanza n’inkiko z’u Bufaransa hakoreshejwe itegeko ry’Abafaransa (A partir de cette date, les présumés responsables s’ils sont trouvés sur le territoire français « peuvent être poursuivis et jugés par les juridictions françaises en application de la loi française).
« Inzego z’ubutabera zikorera ku gitutu cya politiki zigatinza urubanza » Me Meilhac
Uyu wunganira Agatha mu mategeko atunga agatoki inzego z’ubutabera anazishinja gukorera ku gitutu cya politiki. Agira ati, ”Ntabwo rwose bintangaje ko ubutabera bw’ u Bufaransa butinda gufata icyemezo mbona ko gikwiye cyo guhagarika ikurikiranwa mu nkiko rya Madamu Habyarimana.
Ntabwo bitangaje kubera ko muri iyo dosiye harimo n’uruhare rwa politike ku bimureba rwose ku giti cye. ….. Ibintu byose birimo, idosiye ye ni idosiye ya politike yo mu rwego rwo hejuru…. muzi ko igihe cyose iyo Perezida w’u Rwanda aje mu Bufaransa cyangwa se iyo ahuye na mugenzi we w’u Bufaransa; ntwabwo ahwema kwibutsa ikibazo cya Madamu Habyarimana nk’uko yabikoze ubushize mu kwezi kwa gatanu yaje i Paris.
Ibyo byose bizana umwuka utari mwiza, tuvugishe ukuri bituma ubutabera bumera nk’ ubwokejwe igitutu bigatuma ubutabera butinda gufata icyemezo cyo guhagarika ikurikiranwa mu nkiko rya Madamu Habyarimana .Ikigaragara ni uko magingo aya nta kirego gifatika kiri muri dosiye y’uwonunganira,n’ikimenyimenyi ni uko atigeze akurikiranwa kandi nta n’ibizaba vuba ……
“Ndifuza kubabwira ko hakenewe igihe gusa kugirango icyemezo cyo guhagarika ikurikiranwa(gushyingura dosiye) rya Madamu Habyarimana rihagarare kuko nta kirego kirimo. Ndemeza ko rizahagarara vuba aha. Bitinde bitebuke bizaba, ikibazo ni uko ari mu zabukuru azuzuza imyaka 80 umwaka utaha, hashize imyaka cumi n’ itanu urubanza rutangiye, hari igihe kigera urubanza rukagomba kurangira uko biteganywa n’amasezerano ashyirwaho n’ urukiko rw’ I Burayi rw’ I Strasbourg. Ikigaragara ni uko hashize igihe kinini kirenze igikwiye, ni nayo mpamvu twasabye ko ikurikiranwa rihagarikwa”.
Agatha na Munyeshyaka basangiye byinshi
Usibye kuba bombi ari Abanyarwanda, baba mu Bufaransa kandi bakekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside; Padiri Munyeshyaka na Agatha Habyarimana baravuzwe biratinda:
Padiri Munyeshyaka yatangiye gutabwa muri yombi mun 1995, mu 1996 Ubufaransa buvuga ko butabasha kuburanisha umunyamahanga, wakoreye ibyaha imahanga, abikoreye umunyamahanga.
Mu 2007 nabwo yarafashwe we na Bucyibaruta baza kurekurwa, ariko yanashakishwa n’urukiko rwa Arusha (TPIR) ndetse n’inkiko zinyuranye mu Rwanda zamuburanishije adahari; ariko mu Bufaransa dosiye ye yamaze gushyingurwa.
Naho Agatha ugisaba ko na we dosiye ye yashyingurwa, yangiwe ubuhungiro mu Bufaransa, ariko ntibimubuza kuhaba.
U Rwanda rwohereje impapuro zimuta muri yombi kuva 2009,zisangayo ikirego cyatanzwe na CPCR. Yatawe muri yombi bwa mbere muri Werurwe 2010, mu 2011 urukiko rw’ubujurire rwa Paris rwanzura ko atoherezwa mu Rwanda.
Kuva 2016 ari gukorwaho iperereza, ariko yaje gusanga iperereza rimukorwaho ritinda bidafite ishingiro, ni ko gusaba urukiko ko abarikora barihagarika, ari nabyo rwamwangiye kuya 30 Kanama 2021.
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