Igihugu cy’Ubwongereza ntikikibarizwa mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi uhereye kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, ndetse ibendera ryabwo ryamaze kururutswa aho ryari riri ku cyicaro cya E.U, i Buruseli mu Bubiligi nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko butakiri umunyamuryango.
Kuri uyu wa 31 Mutarama, saa saba z’ijoro zo mu Rwanda (23h00 GMT), nibwo byari biteganyijwe ko Ubwongereza (UK) busohoka mu Muryarngo w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi (EU) mu buryo bw’amategeko.
Hari ku wa 24 Kamena 2016, ubwo Abaturage b’Ubwongereza, babisabwe na Leta yariho icyo gihe y’Abakozi (Labour Party), iyobowe na David Cameroon batoraga ku bwiganze bwa 51.9%, ko igihugu cyabo gisohoka muri EU.
Ejo bundi ku wa 29 Mutarama 2020, nyuma y’imyaka hafi ine UK itoye gusohoka, ni bwo Inteko y’Abadepite ya EU nayo yatoye ko UK isohoka muri EU.
Biteganijwe ko kuri uyu wa 31 Mutarama 2020, abadepite n’abakozi ba UK bari mu nteko n’Imiryango ya EU bataha iwabo. Nta musanzu kandi UK izongera gutanga muri EU.
Ariko impande zombi ntizirumvikana ku bijyanye n’urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa. Imishyikirano kuri ayo masezerano (accord commercial) akazatangira mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 2020, azarangire mu mpera za 2020, byananiraga hakongerwa indi myaka 2.
Aho ni ho abasesenguzi bahera bavuga ko ikibazo ari insobe. Benshi bakavuga ko bitewe cyane cyane n’uko Irelande y’Amajyaruguru (ubundi ibarizwa muri UK) yatoye kuguma muri EU, amasezerano ku bucuruzi bigaragara ko ashobora kuzagorana cyane.
Brexit ni iki kiyihishe inyuma kitavugwa mu itangazamakuru?
Ubundi UK yinjiye muri EU mu 1973. Icyo gihe EU yitwaga “CEE” (Umuryango w’Ubukungu w’Uburayi). Ubwongereza (UK) bwagiye kwemererwa nyuma yo kubisaba inshuro 2 zose. Uwari Perezida w’Ubufaransa, General De Gaule, abwangira.
Mu 1977, nyuma y’imyaka 2 bari muri CEE, abaturage ba UK batangiye kwijujuta ngo ntibashaka kugendera ku mategeko ya CEE yashyizweho n’Ubudage n’Ubufaransa ngo bakwa imisanzu y’umurengera n’ibindi. Muri uwo mwaka wa 1977, habaye kamarampaka ya mbere, abaturage ba UK bemera kuguma muri EU, ariko bagumamo batagumyemo.
Mu 2015, uwari Ministre w’Intebe, yemereye abaturage ko ishyaka rye, rya “Labour Party”, niritsinda amatora y’abadepite, yari ateganijwe mu 2016, azongera akabaza Abongererza niba bashaka kuguma muri EU. Icyo gihe, ishyaka rya “Labour Party” ryaratsinze. Ku wa 24 Kamena 2016, batora kuvamo ku majwi 51.9%. David Cameroon aregura.
Ikibazo gikomeye cy’Amateka:
Ubundi, Ubufaransa n’Ubudage ni byo bihugu biyoboye EU. Igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho EU cyari gishingirye ku mateka: Nyuma y’Intambara ya 2 y’Isi (1939-45) yashegeshe ibihugu byombi, bifuzaga gushyiraho amategeko azakumira ko ibihugu byombi byasubira mu ntambara, batekereza gushyiraho umuryango ubahuza, waje guhinduka EU, bashyiraho amategeko awugenga.
Ubu bishimira ko, nyuma y’imyaka 75 intambara ya 2 y’Isi irangira, nta yindi ntambara ikomeye iraba i Burayi. Bavuga ko ari ukubera ubwo bumwe bwabo.
Mu by’ukuri Ubwongereza (UK), ayo amategeko ntiyaburebaga kuko bwinjiye mu ntambara ya 2 y’Isi, butabaye Ubufaransa bwari bumaze kwigarurirwa na Hitler w’Umudage. Bitewe n’uko Ubwongereza bwatsinze intambara, magingo aya, bwiyumva nk’Igihugu cyishoboye mu bya girikikare dore ko kinashyigikiwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (USA) kandi kikaba giherereye mu Nyanja.
Kubera ibyo, UK ntishaka kugendera ku mategeko ivuga ko yashyizweho n’Ubufaransa n’Ubudage. N’ubu, mu baturage batuye ibi bihugu byombi uko ari 3, usanga hari akantu ko ‘gupingana’ hagati yabo. Ariko kubera ko ari Abazungu, bageregeza kubirenzaho ntibabyerekane ku mugaragaro.
Kujya muri EU, UK n’ubundi yari yagiyemo iseta ibirenge, gusa yarakomeje kubera inyungu z’ubukungu.
Ingaruka za Brexit ni nyinshi:
1.Abaturage benshi, cyane cyane urubyiruko bari bishimiye kwitemberera mu bihugu 28 nta visa, bakagenda bakagaruka uko bashaka, ubu bizabasaba visa.
2.Guta igihe n’amafaranga mu mishyikirano itarangira
3.Mu bukungu, abahanga bavuga ko buri muryango (family) wo muri UK
uzatakaza 5,400 $ buri mwaka. Naho ubukungu bwa UK bukazagabanukaho 6%.
5. Amafaranga yinjizwaga n’amakipe y’umupira muri shampiyona y’Abongereza (Premier League) azagabanuka bitewe n’uko hari abakinnyi benshi b’abanyalahanga bazagenda.
6. Abakerarugendo ngo nabo bazagabanuka kugera ku kigero cya 15%.
7. UK ngo ishobora gucikamo ibice: Ecosse na Irelande bikiyomora kuri UK.
8. Ku ruhande rwa EU, ngo Ubufaransa buzatakaza arenga miliyari 4 z’amadolari buri mwaka, kubera ubucuruzi bwihariye bwari bufitanye na UK.
Nyuma yo gusohoka kwa UK, ubu EU igizwe n’Ibihugu 27 (Ubudage, Autriche, Belgique, Bulgaria, Chypre, Croatia, Danemark, Estonie, Finlande, France, Grece, Hongria, Irelande, Italie, Lethonie, Lituanie, Luzemburg, Malte, Ubuholandi, Pologne, Portugal, Repubulika ya Czeque, Romanie, Slovenia na Swede).
EU ifite ubuso bwa miliyoni 4.476 km².
Domice Gasarabwe
