Ese birashoboka ko idini ryasenya ingo?

Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ubuzima bw’umuryango mugari (sociology), Umufaransa Émile Durkheim, mu gitabo cyitwa ‘Durkheim on Religion’ yashyize hanze mu 1912 yasobanuye idini nk’uburyo buhuriye ku myizere imwe y’ikintu bafata nk’icyera, ibikorwa bimwe, imiziro ihuriweho, ibi byombi bigahuriza abantu mu muryango umwe witwa itorero. Uyu muryango ahantu uhurira usangira ibijyanye n’imyemerere yawo ni ho hitwa isinagogi, urusengero, kiliziya cyangwa umusigiti.

Inkoranyamagambo ya Collins isobanura idini nkuburyo bw’imyizerere y’imana imwe cyangwa nyinshi ndetse n’ibikorwa bishamikiye kuri iyo myizerere ko gusenga cyangwa kuramya. Iya Cambridge yo isobanura mu magambo ahinnye ko idini ari ukwizera no kuramya imana imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Oxford yo yasobanuye ko ari imyizerere y’imbaraga zirenze iza muntu, izo mbaraga zikaba ari zo zimugenga (Super Human Controlling Power). Izi mbaraga ni zo zitwa imana (ibigirwamana) cyangwa se Imana.

Idini rigira ubwoko bubiri: iryizera Imana imwe (Monotheism), tukaba twaryita irigezweho ndetse n’iryizera imana zirenze imwe (Polytheism), iryo rikaba ari ryo ryabanjirije ayandi kuko amateka avuga ko ryabayeho mbere ya Krisitu (BC/CE).

Amadini amwe n’amwe ya gakondo asa n’ari gucika mu bice bitandukanye by’isi cyane cyane ibihugu byasuwe n’Abamisiyoneri b’abakoloni. Agezweho cyangwa se aya kijyambere (modern religion), yo ni menyi kandi arushaho kwiyongera, gusa ubwiganze bwayo buhurira ku gitabo cya Bibiliya, Koran yo ikaba umwihariko wa Isilamu.

Iby’amadini byabayeho kuva mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu/Yezu, ubwo umuntu cyangwa abantu bibarizaga cyangwa bakabumba ishusho runaka, bakajya bariramya. Amadini nka Hinduism, Budhaism na Judaism ari mu yabanjirije ayo tubona muri ibi bihe, kandi yo aracyahari ku mugabane w’Aziya n’Uburayi. Abayoboke bayo bafite imyemerere, imiziro ndetse n’ibikorwa bahuriraho kandi bakagira kwiyuvanamo kurusha uko byagenda ku bandi badahuje, n’ubwo baba ari abo mu muryango umwe [n’ubwo bitabaho ko umuryango ubaho utemera kimwe].

Ni uko byaje, ingaruka z’aya mateka zigenda zisatira n’ibihe by’ubu, no mu madini agezweho n’ubwo na yo amaze igihe kinini, gusa yakwiye Isi mu bihe bitandukanye. Amadini ya mbere ndetse n’ay’ubu ahuriye ku kuba abayoboke bayo, bafite imyemerere, imiziro ndetse n’ibikorwa bibahuza, bijyanye na gahunda bihaye.

Bagira amahame bagenderaho, ku buryo hari ubwo bigorana kugira ngo bayareke, bagendere ku ya rubanda bo hanze y’iryo dini.

Amadini muri Afurika

Amateka y’Afurika nk’uko agaragara mu bitabo by’ubuvanganzo byanditswe n’abanditsi n’abasizi b’uyu mugabane bagize amahirwe yo kwiga mu bihugu byo hakurya y’inyanja, twerekwa ko idini rya Kijyambere ryinjijwe kuri uyu mugabane n’Abakoloni, ya myemerere y’imbaraga zidasanzwe zituruka ku myuka itandukanye, yatangiye kurekwa, himikwa imishya. Ibi bitabo nka ‘African Child’ bamwe bita ‘Dark Child’ cya Camara Laye, ‘The River Between’ cya Ngugi wa Thiong’o, ‘Things Fall Apart’ cya Chinua Achebe, ubusizi ndetse n’amakinamico, bigaragaza ishusho y’uyu mugabane mu bihe bya mbere, cyane cyane imyizerere ndetse n’imikorere.

Aha wakwibaza impamvu muri Kenya, iyo babonye igiti cyitwa Mugumo kiguye hasi cyari kimaze imyaka myinshi, bizera ko uko byagenda kose haba hagomba gupfa umutware ukomeye mu bihe bikurikiyeho. Abatware babanje byarabaye, ingaruka z’imigwire y’iki giti zihanzwe amaso kuri Uhuru Kenyatta kuko ngo mu myaka yashize hari icyigeze kugwa gikuze cyane, muri Kenya hacika igikuba.

Mu bihugu byinshi haracyari imyizerere y’uko mu gihe wubahutse umuntu ukuze (umukecuru cyangwa se umusaza), nta kabuza arakuvuma, ugapfa ukenyutse cyangwa nabi. Ibi bibaho kugira ngo umuto yubahe umukuru, namutuma, yemere kumutumikira. Iyi myizerere yose ijyanye n’icyo twakwita idini gakondo.

Muri ibi bitabo, byagaragaye ko hari abagerageje kurwanya imyemerere mishya, bamwe muri bagenzi babo bakabita intwari ariko abandi bemeye kuyoboka imbaraga nshya. Aha ni ho biba isobe kwemeza uti : « Idini rya mbere ryari ryiza kurusha iry’ubu. » Cyangwa se ukemeza ko idini ry’ubu rifasha kurusha irya gakondo. N’ubu ibi ngibi biracyateza impaka.

Ni uko n’u Rwanda rwinjiriwe n’idini rigezweho, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu by’Afurika. Abanyarwanda bavuye kuri za mana bizeragaho ububasha bwo kubatsindira ikibi no kubaha guhirwa, bimika inshya.

Iyo wegereye abakuru, ukababaza itandukaniro ry’imana basengaga n’Imana, bakubwira ko n’ubwo bari bafite izindi, bari bazi ko hari imwe bahuriyeho, ikaba ‘Imana y’i Rwanda’. Bemeza ko iyo Mana ari yo n’ubu idini rigezweho risenga. Iyo Mana ni yo ihuza imitima y’Abanyarwanda, igasaba kubana mu mahoro, nta kubangamirana, mbese nta kwifurizanya ikibi.

Bamwe mu bemera Imana bavuga ko idini ari rimwe, hanyuma rikagira ibice bitandukanye byitwa amatorero (churchs). Ayo matorero ni yo atuma itsinda ry’abantu runaka rihitamo kujya riteranira ahantu runaka (mu rusengero cyangwa ahandi hantu nko mu gashyamba), rigakora imigenzo y’ibyo ryemera n’ibyo ryizera rihuriyeho. Ni ko byumvikana mu Kinyarwanda gusa mu rurimi rw’Igiswahili iri jambo rikomokamo, idini wasanga ntaho ritandukaniye n’itorero. Umuntu ubona nta tandukaniro riri hagati y’idini n’itorero, nta kosa yaba akoze.

Amadini mu kubaka ingo

Nta gushidikanya, idini rigira uruhare runini mu kubaka imiryango. Ubwinshi bw’imiryango iri mu Rwanda yabanye kubera guhurira mu nsengero zimwe, ndetse hakaba n’ubwo abantu bizera ko umukobwa cyangwa umuhungu usengera mu idini runaka, agira imico n’imyitwarire byiza. Abashaka gushinga urugo bifashisha kenshi amatorero atandukanye, akabasezeranya ‘imbere y’Imana’, kandi iryo sezerano rigahabwa agaciro cyane, rigatera ubwoba n’ushaka kugerageza kuritatira.

Itorero rituma abarushinje bigengesera ngo umwe ataba impamvu y’ubwumvikane buke hagati yabo, kuko hatekerezwa kuri mushumba/pasiteri wabasezeranyije ndetse n’imbaga y’abantu bari baje kwihera ijisho uko bari bamanitse ibiganza byabo, barahira ko nta we uzatandukana n’undi.

Amadini mu gusenya ingo

Mu miryango itandukanye (different societies) bibaho ko abantu bashinga urugo kandi badahuje imyemerero ku bijyanye n’amahame y’idini ry’umwe n’undi. Hari ubwo bibaho ko umugabo unywa inzoga ashaka umugore udashobora no kunywera amazi mu gikombe cyanywerewemo iyo nzoga n’ubwo cyaba cyogeje bingana iki! Bibaho kandi ko umwe muri aba yaba yitabira gahunda z’itorero yayobotse ubudasiba, undi akigumira mu rugo.

Mu minsi ishize ni bwo muri Kigali humvikanye inkuru y’umugabo wagiye guteza akavuyo ku itorero umugore asengeramo, avuga ko ahorayo. Umugabo yavuze ko byaba byiza iryo torero rimwirongoreye, kuko gahunda z’itorero yazirutishije urugo. Iyi nkuru yakuruye amarangamutima ya benshi, batangira kuvuga ko uyu mugabo yarenganye.

Mu bika biri hejuru, hasobanuye ukuntu umuntu ashobora kuba mu itorero,akarigira umuryango kurusha uw’umugabo we ndetse n’abana. Nta gaciro kanini aba agiha urugo rwe, ahubwo itorero riba rigomba kuza ku isonga.

Iki kibazo si ubwa mbere kivuzwe n’ubwo cyagumaga imbere mu miryango itandukanye, abagabo cyangwa se abagore bakihagararaho, batekereza ko nibavuga ko abo bashakanye bahora ku nsengero, ntibabahe umwanya, byagaragara nko gukorwanya igikorwa cyo gusenga Imana, mbese baba bagaragaje ubupagani (kwizera guke), icyo baba bategereje ari wa muriro.

Uyu mugabo bamwe bamwise intwari, abandi bamufata nk’uwagiye kwisuzuguza, akishyira ku karubanda agaragaza intege nke ze. Mu miryango myinshi biracyagaragara ko iyo umugabo agaragaje ibyarenze ubushobozi mu rugo rwe, nta kabuza aba abaye inganzwa, kandi ngo ‘nta mugabo w’inganzwa’. Bamwe bavuga ko ahubwo umugabo atabaye inganzwa, atashobora kubaka urugo ngo rukomere.

Usibye iki kibazo cy’uyu mugabo ndetse n’abafite ibisa nabyo, hari ingo zizamo amakimbirane bitewe n’uko umwe muri bashakanye afashe bimwe mu byo batunze, akabijyana mu itorero (ubwitange) nta bwumvikane bwabayeho hagati yabo. Umwe arahirira kubikora, nta kabuza, undi akabyanga, bikaba ubwo bacunganye, bigakorwa umwe adahari. Ni ho hava za mpaka, gushyamirana no gucyurirana bya buri kanya, bikaba byatumye urugo rwabo rusenyuka cyangwa rugakomeza kubaho ariko rujegajega.

Muri make, idini cyangwa se itorero ribereyeho kudufasha kubana neza n’abayoboke baryo ndetse n’abo hanze; kuva ku muryango wabo mu rugo, abaturanyi n’abitambukira. Kuba mu itorero neza, wagera hanze ukananirwa kumvikana n’abandi ni ko gutsindwa imbere y’Imana, kwavamo cya gihano gitegereje abatarakurikije ugushaka kw’Imana kuko idusaba kwiyeza mu bihe bikomeye n’ibyoroshye ndetse n’ahantu hose, si mu rusengero gusa kuko iyo habaye ho gusa, byitwa kwishushanya.

Abayobozi b’amatorero ndetse n’abayoboke, bakwiriye gufatanya, bakamenya imibereho ya bagenzi babo no hanze y’urusengero, yaba itari myiza, bagafatanya gufasha mugenzi wabo, kuko ni cyo Imana ibashakaho.