2020: Urutonde rw’ibihugu 10 bifite ubutasi bukomeye muri Afurika

Hari n’aho uru rwego usanga rutakiri urw’igihugu, ahubwo rwarahinduwe urwa perezida ubwe, cyane ko benshi mu bategetsi muri Afurika baba batinya ko bahirikwa ku butegetsi…

Urutonde rwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Glasgow yo muri Scotland, rugaragaza ibihugu bifite ubutasi bukomeye muri Afurika ku buryo bukurikira:

10. Gambia

Ni igihugu gihugu giherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika. Iki gihugu gifite abaturage basaga miliyoni ebyiri. Mu 1994, ingabo zitwa Armed forces Proision Ruling Council (AFPRC) zihirika ubutegetsi bwa Dawda Jawara. Uyu yari yarayoboye iki gihugu kuva cyabona ubwigenge mu 1962.

Aba mu rwego rwo gushinga ubutegetsi butajegajega, bashinzwe urwego rw’ubutasi barwita National Intelligence Agency (NIA) rukaba rwari rugamije kwigiriza nkana ku barwanya ubutegetsi bushya bugiyeho.

NIA na n’ubu ntihwema kuvugwa mu mabi y’ubuhezanguni bushingiye ku idini n’iterabwoba mu gihugu no muri Senegal. Iyi ni nayo yavuzwe mu byahwihwishijwe ko hari gutegurwa kudeta mu 1997 no mu 2006.

Abakoze iki cyegeranyo bavuga ko 1.48 % by’umusaruro mbumbe wose bigenerwa igisirikare nk’uko imibare yo mu 2015 yabyerekanye. Ntihazwi umubare w’abakora muri uru rwego.

9. Gabon

Ni igihugu kiri muri Afurika yo hagati kikaba gituwe n’abaturage basagaho gato miliyoni ebyiri.

Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge mu 1960, Gabon yabayemo imvururu zirimo na kudeta yaburijwemo mu 1964. Mu 1967 ni bwo hashinzwe urwego rw’ubutasi barwita Centre de Documentation (CEDOC) rugamije kuneka mu gihugu mu ndetse no kugarura ituze no gutsimbataza ishyaka rimwe rya Gabonese Democratic Party (GDP) kugeza mu 1990.

Ubu uru rwego rwahinduriwe amazina rwitwa Direction Générale de la Documentation et de l’Immigration (DGDI). Uru rwego ruri mu zituma ubutegetsi buguma mu maboko ya ba Bongo, hafatwa abarwanya ubutegetsi.

Bizwi ko 1.43% by’umusaruro mbumbe bigenerwa igisirikare nk’uko imibare yo mu 2016 ibyerekana. Ni mu gihe umubare w’abakozi b’ubutasi batazwi.

8. Ethiopia

Iki ni igihugu kiri mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 105. Urwego rw’ubutasi rwashyizweho mu 1978 rugeza mu 1991 rwitwa Public Security Organization (PSO) rutozwa n’abo mu budage bw’Uburasirazuba (STASI).

Ni nyuma y’ikurwaho rya Haille Selasie kuwa 12 Nzeri 1974. Uru rwego ahanini rwibanze ku kuneka mu bice by’imipaka na Somalia na Sudan ndetse n’imbere mu gihugu bitewe n’imyivumbagatanyo y’abashakaga ubwigenge bwa Eritrea.

Uru rwego kandi rwari rufite impanga yarwo yitwa Military Intelligence Department (MID) rwashyizweho mu 1974 kugeza mu 1991 rushinzwe kumenya amakuru y’ibitero byaba bitegurwa kugabwa kuri Ethiopia.

Kuri ubu urwego rw’ubutasi rwitwa National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) rwashyizweho mu 1991 gusa mu 2009, Wikileaks yatangaje ko na n’ubu imirimo rukora imeze nk’iya kera.

Ethiopia kandi ifite urundi rwego rwitwa Information Network Security Agency (INSA) rwashyizweho mu 1991 rureba ibijyanye n’ubutasi bw’ikoranabuhanga.

0.6% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu ushyirwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare yo mu 2016 ibyerekana ndetse ntihazwi umubare w’abakozi bari mu butasi bwa Ethiopia.

7. Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo

Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo ni igihugu kiri muri Afurika yo hagati. Gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 85.

Nyuma y’ubwigenege mu 1960, hagiye hashyirwaho inzego nka Sûreté Nationale ngo zigenzure umutekano, nyuma hajayaho uriwtwa National documentation Center mu 1969 narwo rwaje guhindurwa mu 1990 ni bwo hashyirwaho urwitwa National Service for Intelligence and Protection (SNIP). Uru rwego rwatangaga raporo kwa Perezida Mobutu nta handi binyuze. Kuri ubu rwahinduriwe amazina rwitwa National Intelligence Agency (ANR).

Amafaranga angana na 1.34 % by’umusaruro mbumbe byashirwaga mu gisirikare mu 2016. Ntihazwi ingano y’abakozi barwo.

6. Chad

Ni igihugu kiri hagati muri Afurika ariko mu majyarugru. Gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 15.

Kuva iki gihugu cyabona ubwigenge mu 1960 cyaranzwe n’intambara mu myaka 30 yakurikiyeho. Agahenge kabonetse mu 1990 ntikarambye kuko mu 1998 hadutse intambara.

Abakoze ubushakashatsi bavuga ko nta byinshi bizwi ku butasi bwa Chad gusa ngo ikidashidikanwaho ko Hissène Habré, wategetse iki gihugu kuva mu 1982 kugeza 1990 hari uko yashyizeho inzego z’ubutasi bitewe n’igitugu cye.

Birumvikana ko inzego z’ubutasi zari zikenewe mu majyepfo y’igihugu ahari imirwano gusa ikizwi ni uko hari urwego rwitwa Agence Nationale de Sécurité (ANS) n’urwitwa Documentation and Security Directorate (DDS) bitazwi neza igihe byashingiwe.

2.79% by’umusaruro mbumbe bishorwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare ya 2016 ibyerekana.

5. Cameroon

Nyuma gato y’ubwigenge bwa Cameroon mu 1957, iki gihugu kiri muri Afurika yo hagati, cyashyizeho urwego rwitwa Service des Etudes et de la Documentation (SEDOC).

SEDOC yashinzwe mu 1962, uru rwego ruzwiho ku kwigirizaho nkana abatavuga rumwe na Leta, ndetse ruzwiho gushyikiriza abakekwagaho amabi Brigades Mixtes Mobiles (BMM),izwiho iyicarubozo kabuhariwe.

1.6% by’umusaruro mbumbe bishorwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare ya 2016 ibyerekana.

4. Burundi

Uburundi, igihugu kiri mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 11. Ni igihugu cyaranzwe n’intambara, ubwicanyi bw’abanyepolitiki naza kudeta kuva bwabona ubwigenge mu 1962.

Kuva mu 2005, the Dense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (CNDD-FDD) niyo iyoboye igihugu ari nayo yashyizeho urwego rw’ubutasi rwitwa Service National de Rensiegnement (SNR) mu 2006.

Ni urwego rutungwa agatoki ko ruhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, ibirego ruhakana rwivuye inyuma.

2.21% by’umusaruro mbumbe bishorwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare ya 2016 ibyerekana.

3. Burkinafaso

Ni igihugu kiri mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika. Gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 19.
Gifite urwego rw’ubutasi rwitwa National Intelligence Agency bitazwi igihe rwashingiwe.

1.23% by’umusaruro mbumbe bishorwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare ya 2016 ibyerekana.

2. Botswana

Ni igihugu kiri muri Afurika y’amajyepfo, gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni ebyiri. Urwego rw’ubutasi rw’iki gihugu rukomoka ku rw’abakoloni b’Abongereza rwaitwaga Special Branch.

Nyuma y’ubwigenge mu 1966, uru rwego nirwo rwakomeje inshingano z’ubutasi kugeza mu 1977 ubwo hashyirwagaho igisirikare cya Leta ya Botswana, Botswanan Defense Force (BDF).

Mu 1998 nibwo hashyizweho urwego rwiswe Security Intelligence Services (SIS) gusa ku buyobozi bwa Perezida Ian Khama mu 2008 uru rwego rwaravuguruwe hashyirwaho urwitwa Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services (DISS).

3.37% by’umusaruro mbumbe bishorwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare ya 2016 ibyerekana.

1. Angola

Ni igihugi kiri muri Afurika yo hagati. Gituwe n’abaturage basaga miliyoni 30. Cyaranzwe n’intambara nyuma y’ubwigenge mu 1975. Ni intambara hagati ya Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) na National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) ya Jonas Savimbi.

Ubu uru rwego rwitwa State Intelligence and Security Service (SINSE), Military Intelligence and Security Service (SISM) na External Intelligence Service (SIE) ni bo bashinzwe iby’ubutasi gusa ni bamwe mu bavugwa mu bikorwa bibi by’abatumva neza MPLA.

2.95% by’umusaruro mbumbe bishorwa mu gisirikare nk’uko imibare ya 2016 ibyerekana.

Kuri uru rutonde ku mwanya wa 11 hazaho Ghana, 12 Liberia, 13 Kenya, 14, Nigeria, 15, Madagascar, 16, Mozambique, 17, Rwanda, 18, Somalia, 19, Sudan, 19, Tanzania, 20, Zimbabwe.

Nk’uko bigaragara, inzego z’ubutasi mu bihugu bivugwa hejuru, ku mugabane wa Afurika zivugwaho kurinda inyungu z’abategetsi akenshi aho kurengera igihugu. Ni imungu muri Afurika aho akenshi usanga inzego nk’izi ari igikoresho cy’abategetsi ngo zibarengere ubutegetsi bwabo budahirima. Abazikoramo benshi ni ibivume muri rubanda bahekuye, aho kubarengera nkuko hirya no hino muri ibi bihugu bikunze kuvugwa muri za raporo zitandukanye.

Icyitonderwa: Kaminuza ya Glasgow ijya gukora uru rutonde ntiyatangaje icyo yashingiyeho ikurikiranya ibi bihugu. Ibikekwa ni uko ingingo nk’umubare w’abakozi, amafaranga ashorwamo, ibikoresho, ubuhanga, operasiyo zakozwe n’ibindi byaba biri mu byashingiweho cyane ko byinshi muri ibi bihugu byabayemo intamba, ihirika ry’ubutegetsi n’akaduruvayo mu mateka yabo, bityo icyitwa ubutasi kikaba ari intwaro iza imbere.