Mu gihe intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ikomeje gufata indi ntera, amaso y’abakurikirana politiki yo mu karere ahanzwe i Montreux, aho ibiganiro hagati ya Leta ya Kinshasa n’umutwe wa M23 byakomerezaga mu rwego rwo gushaka igisubizo kirambye.
Ni ibiganiro byibandaga ku ngingo z’ingenzi zirimo guhagarika imirwano burundu (ceasefire), kugarura ubuyobozi bwa Leta mu bice byafashwe no kurinda uburenganzira bw’abaturage bavuga ko bahezwa.
Umutwe wa AFC/M23 ushimangira ko urwanira uburenganzira bw’abaturage b’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda, mu gihe Leta ya Kinshasa yo iwufata nk’umutwe ushyigikiwe n’u Rwanda.
Imbogamizi zikomeye
N’ubwo ibiganiro biri kuba, hari inzitizi zikomeye zituma amahirwe y’amasezerano aba make, zirimo:
1. Kutizerana hagati y’impande zombi: Amateka y’ibiganiro byagiye bipfuba hagati ya M23 na Kinshasa atuma buri ruhande rutizera urundi. Amasezerano yashyizweho mu bihe byashize ntiyigeze ashyirwa mu bikorwa uko bikwiye.
2. Inyungu z’ibihugu byo mu karere: Ibibazo byo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo bifitanye isano n’ibihugu bimwe byo mu karere bifite inyungu zitandukanye, harimo n’ibitagira inyungu mu guhagarika intambara. Hari n’ibifata uruhande rweruye, bigatuma ikibazo kirushaho gufata intera mpuzamahanga.
3. Ibibazo by’umutekano bikomeje ku rugamba: Nubwo ibiganiro biri gukorwa, imirwano rimwe na rimwe iracyakomeza, bigatera gushidikanya ku bushake nyakuri bwo kugera ku mahoro arambye.
Ibishobora gutuma habaho intambwe
Nubwo hari imbogamizi, hari ibintu bishobora kongera amahirwe y’uko ibiganiro byatanga umusaruro, birimo igitutu mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane gituruka ku miryango nka Loni (Umuryango w’Abibumbye), gishobora gusaba ko agahenge kubahirizwa.
Hari kandi uruhare rw’ibihugu by’akarere mu gushaka amahoro arambye, ndetse n’umunaniro w’intambara ku mpande zombi, ushobora gutuma bemera inzira y’ibiganiro.
Amahirwe angana gute?
Iyo usesenguye ibi byose, bigaragara ko: Amahirwe yo kugera ku masezerano y’igihe gito (nko guhagarika imirwano) ari hagati ya 50% na 60%, ariko amahirwe yo kugera ku masezerano arambye ari munsi ya 50%.
Ibi biterwa n’uko ikibazo gifite imizi mu mateka, muri politiki, no mu nyungu z’ibihugu byo mu karere.
Muri rusange, ibiganiro bya Montreux ni intambwe y’ingenzi mu gushaka amahoro, ariko ntibihagije byonyine. Kugera ku mahoro arambye bizasaba ubushake bwa politiki ku mpande zose, ubufatanye bw’akarere, no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bemeranyijeho.
Nubwo inzira ikiri ndende, amahitamo aracyari hagati yo gukomeza intambara cyangwa kugera ku mahoro buhoro buhoro.
