Mu gihe isi ikomeje kwinjira mu bihe bishya by’ihangana hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye, Afurika iri kugenda ihinduka igicumbi cy’amarushanwa mashya adakoresha amasasu gusa, ahubwo yifashisha ikoranabuhanga, ingufu n’ubukungu.
Muri uwo mukino mushya, u Burusiya buri kwagura umuvuduko wabwo ku mugabane wa Afurika binyuze mu masezerano ya gisirikare, ubucuruzi ndetse cyane cyane ingufu za nucléaire.
Mu bihugu biri kuvugwamo cyane muri uwo murongo harimo n’u Rwanda, igihugu kimaze imyaka cyubaka dipolomasi ishingiye ku kugirana umubano n’impande zitandukanye z’isi.
Ariko se kuba u Burusiya buri kwegera Afurika mu rwego rwa nucléaire, harimo n’u Rwanda, ni amahirwe y’iterambere cyangwa ni intangiriro z’ihangana rishya rya geopolitiki ku mugabane?
Afurika: Isoko Rishya ry’Ibihangange
Nyuma y’intambara yo muri Ukraine n’ibihano bikomeye byafatiwe Moscow n’ibihugu by’Uburengerazuba, Kremlin yatangiye gushaka uburyo bushya bwo kongera ijambo ryayo ku isi.
Afurika yabaye imwe mu ntego zikomeye kubera umutungo kamere wayo, abaturage benshi ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi bikiri gushaka ibisubizo by’ibibazo by’ingufu n’iterambere.
Mu myaka mike ishize, u Burusiya bwongereye ambasade, amasezerano ya gisirikare ndetse n’inama zikomeye ruhuriramo n’ibihugu bya Afurika, zirimo inama ihuza u Burusiya na Afurika.
Ariko ikintu gikomeje gukurura amaso y’abasesenguzi ni uburyo Moscow iri gukoresha ingufu za nucléaire nk’igikoresho cya dipolomasi.
Ikigo cya Leta y’u Burusiya, Rosatom, kiri gusinya amasezerano hirya no hino muri Afurika, kuva mu Misiri kugeza muri Burkina Faso na Mali. Intego ni ugutanga ikoranabuhanga rya nucléaire mu kubyaza amashanyarazi no mu bindi bikorwa by’amahoro.
U Rwanda Rurashaka Iki mu Ngufu za Nucléaire?
Ku Rwanda, ikibazo cy’ingufu gikomeje kuba kimwe mu nkingi z’iterambere igihugu gishyize imbere. Mu gihe ubukungu bukura, inganda ziyongera n’imijyi ikaguka, hakenewe amashanyarazi menshi kandi ahendutse.
Ni muri urwo rwego igihugu cyatangiye kureba kure ku ikoranabuhanga rya nucléaire nk’uburyo bushobora gutanga ingufu zihoraho kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo gufasha inganda n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.
Ariko kandi, nucléaire u Rwanda ruvuga si intwaro za kirimbuzi. Ahubwo hibandwa ku kubyaza amashanyarazi ingufu za nucléaire no gukoresha iri koranabuhanga mu buvuzi, ubuhinzi ndetse no mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Ubufatanye na Rosatom bushobora gufasha igihugu kubona ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga byari bisanzwe bigoye kugeraho kubera ibiciro n’imiterere ya geopolitiki y’isi.
Geopolitiki Nshya: Afurika hagati y’Ibihangange
Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko Afurika iri kongera gusubira mu mwanya yagize mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita, ubwo Amerika na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyete bahataniraga kuyigira umufatanyabikorwa.
Uyu munsi, iryo hangana ryagarutse ariko mu isura nshya: u Bushinwa buri gushora miliyari mu bikorwa remezo, Amerika n’u Burayi bikibanda ku mutekano n’ishoramari, naho u Burusiya bukinjira cyane mu bya gisirikare no mu ngufu za nucléaire.
Ibi bivuze ko Afurika iri kubona amahitamo menshi kurusha mbere, ariko na none bikazana ikibazo gikomeye: Ese ibyo bihugu bikomeye biri gufasha Afurika cyangwa biri kuyikoresha nk’ikibuga cy’inyungu zabyo?
Amahirwe n’Impungenge
Ku ruhande rumwe, ubufatanye bwa nucléaire bushobora kuzana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, amashanyarazi ahamye ndetse n’akazi ku rubyiruko rwize siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga.
Ariko ku rundi ruhande, hari impungenge zishingiye ku kwishingikiriza ku gihugu kimwe mu rwego rw’ingufu, imyenda ishobora guterwa n’iyo mishinga ihenze ndetse n’ingaruka za dipolomasi hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye.
Hari kandi abibaza niba Afurika ifite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gucunga neza ikoranabuhanga rya nucléaire mu buryo bwizewe kandi bw’umutekano usesuye.
Dipolomasi y’u Rwanda hagati y’Impande zose
Ikintu gitandukanya u Rwanda n’ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika ni uburyo rwubatse dipolomasi yirinda gufata uruhande rumwe. Kigali ifitanye umubano mwiza n’Amerika, u Burayi, u Bushinwa ndetse n’u Burusiya icyarimwe.
Ni yo mpamvu bamwe babona ko ubufatanye bwa nucléaire n’u Burusiya bushobora kuba atari ukwimukira ku ruhande rwa Moscow, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo kwagura abafatanyabikorwa igihugu gifite.
Ariko uko ihangana rya geopolitiki rikomeza gukara, gukomeza uwo murongo wo kuringaniza inyungu z’impande zitandukanye bishobora kurushaho kugorana.
Muri make, mu myaka iri imbere Afurika ishobora kuzaba kimwe mu bice bizagena uko ububasha bw’isi buzagabanywa. Ingufu za nucléaire, amabuye y’agaciro, ikoranabuhanga n’umutekano byose biri kuba ibikoresho by’ihangana rishya hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye.
Ku Rwanda, ubufatanye n’u Burusiya bushobora kuba amahirwe yo kwihutisha iterambere ry’ingufu n’ubumenyi. Ariko kandi, ni urugendo ruzasaba ubushishozi igihugu gisanganywe kugira ngo kitazisanga hagati y’umukino munini wa geopolitiki uhuza ibihangange by’isi.
