Ibiciro n’idolari bikomeje kuzamuka, ikigega nzahurabukungu, izamuka rya 10,2%, bimwe mu byaranze 2021

Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwarahungabanye cyane mu mwaka ushize ku buryo mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’uyu mwaka (2020) bwagabanutseho 12,4% kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19, ariko IMF, yatangaje ko uyu mwaka wa 2021 uzarangira ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzamutse ku kigero cya 10,2%, biturutse ku kuba ubukungu bw’Isi buri kuzahuka muri rusange nubwo hakomeje kumvikana abinubira ko ibiciro ku isoko bikomeje kuzamuka birimo n’iby’ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk’uko tugiye kubireba mu byaranze ubukungu muri uyu mwaka wa 2021.

Ibintu byinshi biracyatumizwa hanze

Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare, NISR, kigaragaza ko umusaruro mbumbe w’u Rwanda wazamutseho 3.5% mu gihembe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2021, aho umusaruro wavuye kuri miliyari 2, 410 Frw ugera kuri miliyari 2, 579Frw, nubwo bimeze gutya ariko hirya no hino mu gihugu hakomeje kumvikana abijujutira ko ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikiri hejuru harimo n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.

Mu gihe urwego rwa serivise ari rwo rufite uruhare rwo hejuru mu kuzamura umusaruro w’igihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka 2021 na 46%, hagakurikiraho ubuhinzi bwihariye 27% naho urwego rw’inganda rukagira 20%, izindi nzego zigasaranganya uruhare rusigaye bikaba bishobora gutuma umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu uzamuka, impuguke mu bukungu zivuga ko hakiri abaturage bamwe bavuga ko bakennye cyangwa ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bikiri hejuru.

Impuguke akaba n’umusesenguzi mu by’ubukungu, Teddy Kaberuka, mu kiganiro yahaye kimwe mu binyamakuru bikorera mu Rwanda, yasobanuye ibishobora gutuma umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu uzamuka ariko abaturage bamwe na bamwe bakavuga ko bakennye cyangwa ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bikiri hejuru.

Yagize ati “Umusaruro mbumbe ni igiteranyo cy’umusaruro w’imirimo ya muntu. Ibyo ibigo byinjije harimo na Leta, uburyo babikoresheje, ibyashowe, hakiyongeraho ibyoherejwe hanze y’igihugu. Ibi byose iyo ubiteranyije uhita ukuramo ibyo watumije hanze.”

Yasobanuye ko umusaruro w’umuntu ku giti cye ushobora kuba uri hasi ariko kubera ishoramari igihugu gikora bituma umusaruro w’igihugu uzamuka kuko biba byahurijwe hamwe.

Teddy Kaberuka, asanga umusaruro uko wiyongera ibiciro byakagombye kugabanuka, ariko u Rwanda nta musaruro uhagije rufite kuko byinshi bigitumizwa hanze y’igihugu.

Idolari ryakomeje kuzamuka

Idorari ry’Amerika ryazamutse aho ubu riri kuvunja 1004 mu nzu zitanga serivice yo kuvunja amafaranga mu mujyi wa Kigali.

Ku mpuzandengo, umwaka wa 2011 warangiye idolari rya Amerika ($) riri kuvunja amafaranga y’u Rwanda 595 (Frw). Nyuma y’imyaka 10, Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR), yerekana ko kuwa 24 Gicurasi 2021, idolari ryari rigeze kuri 973 Frw, ubu rikaba rigeze ku 1,037 Frw mu nzu zitanga serivisi z’ivunjisha mu Mujyi wa Kigali.

Kuva kuri 595 Frw kugera ku 1037 Frw, ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryatakaje agaciro ka 442 Frw, bingana n’izamuka byibuze rya 40% mu gihe cy’imyaka 10.

Kuri bamwe, iri zamuka ntirisanzwe, kuko ryagize ingaruka ku biciro by’ibicuruzwa bituruka hanze y’u Rwanda, kandi u Rwanda rukaba rukibikenera cyane kuko ikinyuranyo cy’ibyo rutumiza n’ibyo rwohereza hanze cyari miliyari 1.54$ mu mwaka wa 2019.

Bitewe n’iri zamuka ry’idolari, hari abantu bazamuye amajwi bavuga ko ibi bigaragaza uburyo ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bujegajega, bakavuga ko hatagize igikorwa, ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rishobora kuzata agaciro mu buryo budasanzwe nk’uko byagenze muri Venezuela na Zimbabwe mu myaka yashize.

Ibi ariko ngo ni ukwibeshya, kuko urebye impuzandengo ya 40% ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryatayeho agaciro mu myaka 10 ishize, ubona ko ari atari ikigero cy’umurengera, ugereranyije n’ibiba byitezwe, kuko ubundi ifaranga riba ritagomba guta agaciro ku kigero kirenze 5% ku mwaka.

Sena y’u Rwanda yanyuzwe n’ingengo y’imari yongerewe

Ku itariki 24 Kamena 2020, Inteko Rusange ya Sena y’u Rwanda yemeje ibitekerezo bya Sena ku mushinga w’ingengo y’imari ya Leta ya 2020/2021.

Iyo Nteko Rusange yagejejweho ubusesenguzi bwa Komisiyo y’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu n’Imari ku bitekerezo bya Sena nk’uko bisabwa n’amategeko.

Komisiyo yashimye ko nubwo icyorezo cya COVID -19 cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu, ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2020-2021 yiyongereyeho miriyari 228 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ugereranyije n’iy’umwaka ushize.

Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu n’Imari muri Sena, Senateri Nkusi Juvenal, yagize ati: “Turashima ko nubwo icyorezo cya COVID -19 cyagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu, ingengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2020/2021 yiyongereyeho miriyari 228 ugereranyije n’ingengo y’imari ivuguruye ya 2019/2020”.

Amafaranga Guverinoma ikoresha aziyongera

N’ubwo IMF igaragaza ko umwaka wa 2021 uzarangira ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buzamutse ku kigero cya 10,2%, inagaragaza ko muri 2021/22 icyuho kiri hagati y’amafaranga Leta ikoresha n’ayo yinjiza nacyo kizazamuka ku kigero cya 9,1% by’Umusaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu (GDP) kivuye kuri 8.6% cyari kiriho mu 2020/2021.

Ibi bizaterwa n’uko Leta izakomeza kongera amafaranga ikoresha muri gahunda n’ibikorwa bigamije gufasha igihugu kurenga ingaruka za COVID-19 ndetse n’agenda muri gahunda zo kugabanyiriza imisoro inganda.

Ibi bizatuma imyenda ya Leta izamuka ku kigero cya 75% by’Umusaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu ariko IMF igaragaza ko ntacyo bizahungabanya ku bijyanye n’uburemere bw’imyenda Leta y’u Rwanda ifite kuko buzaguma ku kigero kigereranyije.

Muri Nyakanga IMF yaherukaga gushima uko u Rwanda ruri kwitwara muri gahunda z’ubukungu ziganjemo izigamije gufasha ibigo by’ubucuruzi, amabanki n’abantu kurenga ingaruka bagizweho na COVID-19, inatangaza ko yongeye umwaka ku gihe gahunda irufashamo mu kuzamura ubukungu izwi nka ‘Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI)’ yari kuzamara.

Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije wa IMF, Tao Zhang, yavuze ko mu isesengura bakoze basanze u Rwanda ruri gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo rubashe kurenga ibibazo rwatewe na COVID-19.

Ati “Politiki y’ubuyobozi ikomeje kugaragaza ko iteguye neza kandi irasa ku ntego. Igamije kubona ubushobozi bwo kugura inkingo, kongera ubufasha buhabwa abantu n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no gutanga amafaranga ku mabanki hashingiwe ku gihe icyorezo gishobora kumara no kugabanya ingaruka mbi mu mibereho n’ubukungu zishobora gitinda.”

Hashyizweho ikigega nzahurabukungu

U Rwanda rwashyizeho Ikigega nzahurabukungu cya miliyari 300 Frw, ni mu rwego rwo gufasha ubucuruzi bwagizweho ingaruka n’icyorezo cya Covid-19, harimo no gufasha ibikorwa byari byarafunze imiryango kongera kubura umutwe.

Leta y’u Rwanda yanashyizeho gahunda yo kunganira inganda z’imbere mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kuzifasha kuzamura umusaruro wazo, aho zimwe zakuriweho imisoro, izindi zikagabanyirizwa.

Umwihariko ku nganda, ni uko izitaweho cyane ari inganda zitunganya umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, izikora ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’izindi zongerera agaciro k’ibintu by’imbere mu gihugu, aha harimo inganda zikora inkweto, imyenda, n’ibindi nkenerwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw’Abanyarwanda.

BNR yagaragaje ko mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka (Mutarama-Kamena), ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwazamutse ku kigero cya 3,5%, cyane cyane bigizwemo uruhare n’urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwazamutse ku kigero cya 6,8%.

Iri zamuka kandi ryagizwemo uruhare n’urwego rw’inganda, rwazamutse ku kigero cya 9,7% mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, mu gihe rwari rwazamutse ku kigero cya 1,9% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2020.

Izamuka ry’uru rwego ryatewe n’izamuka ry’izindi nzego zirimo ubwubatsi bwazamutse ku kigero cya 14,4% ndetse n’umusaruro w’ibikorerwa mu nganda wazamutse ku kigero cya 8,3%.

Ingengo y’Imari y’umwaka wa 2020/21 yatowe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ingana na miliyari 3,245.7 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yiyongereyeho miliyari 228.6 ugereranije na miliyari 3,017.1 yari mu ngengo y’imari ivuguruye y’umwaka wa 2019/20.

Muriyo, amafaranga aturuka imbere mu Gihugu aragera kuri miliyari 1,969.8 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda bingana na 60.7% by’Ingengo y’Imari yose, mu gihe amafaranga aturuka hanze agera kuri miliyari 1,275.9 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda bingana na 39.3% by’Ingengo y’Imari yose.

Akaba agizwe na miliyari 492.5 z’inkunga z’amahanga bingana na 15.2% na miliyari 783.4 z’inguzanyo z’amahanga bingana na 24.1% by’Ingengo y’Imari yose.