Bimaze gusa n’ibiba akamenyero ko bamwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu ku mugabane w’Afurika bava ku butegetsi habanje kumeneka amaraso kubera gushaka kwanga kuburekura. Nyamara aba baperezida baba bamaze imyaka igenwa n’Itegekonshinga rigenga ibihugu byabo ndetse rikanagena imyaka manda y’umukuru w’igihugu agomba kumara ku butegetsi hanyuma akaburekura mu mahoro akabuha undi cyangwa bitewe n’ibyo riteganya akaba yakongera kwiyamamaza hamwe n’abandi yabatsinda agakomeza kuyobbora.
Guturuka mu myaka itari micye yashize, aba baperezida batangiye kugaragaza gushaka kwikubira ubutegetsi ndetse ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bigahindura ingingo zibagenera manda mu Itegekonshinga bagamije inyungu umuntu yakwita izabo ku giti cyabo.
Igitangaza si ukuba aba baperezida bahindura Itegekonshinga cyangwa bakaba banayobora ku gahato abo bayobora batabishaka, ahubwo nuko havuka ibibazo bitewe n’umutekano mucye, ibi bibazo bikabyara amakimbirane ku mpande z’abashaka ko ubutegetsi buriho bukomeza gukora n’abatabushyigikiye.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 2003 ku ngoma ya Charles Taylor wari Perezida wa Liberia, amaraso yatangiye kumeneka kubera ibikorwa by’imyigaragambyo y’abataravugaga rumwe na we mu gihe we yashakaga kugundira ubutegetsi.
Iki kibazo cy’amaraso ameneka kubera ababa barwanira ubutegetsi ku mpande zombi, gikurikirana n’icy’uko aba baperezida n’iyo barekuye ubutegetsi basiga iheruheru leta bayoboraga mu buryo bw’imitungo.
Aba baperezida iyo barahira bavuga ko batazatatira ibigenwa n’amategeko, Itegekonshinga barangiza bakarihindura. Hari yewe n’abarahira bafite ibitabo mu ntoki bikomeye nka Bibiliya, Ikorowani n’ibindi bagasoza bavuga ko nibatatira igihango bazabihanirwa n’amategeko.
Hano hari urutonde rw’abaperezida b’ibihugu by’umugabane w’Afurika baranzwe no kumena amaraso ndetse no gusahura igihugu ubwo bakurwaga ku butegetsi hifashishijwe izindi mbaraga guhera mu myaka yashize kugeza ku wahoze ari Perezida wa Gambia Yahyah Jameh nawe uvugwaho gutwara akayabo mu minsi ishize.
Gambia: Yahyah Jameh
Perezida Yahyah Jameh wo muri Gambia, ni umwe mu baperezida bo muri Afurika uherutse gukurwa ku butegetsi nabi, nyuma yo gutsindwa amatora na Adama Barrow bari bahanganye, hacaho iminsi akisubiraho agashaka guhangana avuga ko atemera ibyavuye mu matora.
Perezida Jameh, aza ku mwanya wa 9 ku rutonde rw’abaperezida bamaze igihe ku ngoma ku myaka 22 yari amazeho, nyuma agashaka kwanga kurekura ubutegetsi.
Nubwo nta mibare ifatika itangwa y’ababa barahitanywe n’imyigaragambyo y’abatamushyigikiye, avugwaho kuba yaratwaye akayabo ka Miliyoni zisaga 11 z’Amadolali mu mutungo wa leta ubwo yavaga ku butegetsi mugenzi we akaza kuyobora igihugu avuye mu buhungiro muri Senegal.
Amwe mu magambo yamuranze yagiraga ati” nzubamira Imana na mama umbyara, sinzaha amahirwe na macye uzashaka guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu.” Gusa ibi si byo byashyizwe mu bikorwa nk’uko yabirahiriye.
Uyu muperezida waje ku butegetsi mu 1994 habanje kuba urugamba rwo guhirika ububtegetsi ubwo yari afite imyaka 29 gusa, asimbuye Dawda Kairaba Jawara nawe wabaye Perezida w’igitugu w’iki gihugu kuva cyabona ubwigenge mu 1962.
Liberia: Charles Taylor — 20
Uyu musaza w’imyaka 69 y’amavuko, ubu ari mu buroko mu gihugu cy’u Bwongereza akurikiranyweho gushyigikira abagizi ba nabi babiciye bigacika mu gihugu cya Sierra Leone.
Igitabo “Blood diamonds: Tracing the deadly path of the world’s most precious stones” cyanditswe n’umunyamakuru w’umunyamerika Greg Campbell ni kimwe mu bitabo bigaragaza uruhare rwa Charles Taylor mu bugizi bwa nabi ku mugabane w’Afurika.
Uyu muperezida ashinjwa gukoresha mu nyungu ze bwite Miliyoni zisaga 100 cyane cyane ubwo yari akiri ku butegetsi.
Aya mafaranga ngo akaba yarayakoresheje agura inzu, imodoka, intwaro zifashishwaga mu kurwana mu ntambara y’abasivili n’ibindi. Ibi bikaba byarashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’Abibumbye wabikozeho ubushakashatsi.
Yafashe ubutegetsi mu 1990 asimbuye Samuel Doe wahise anicirwa mu ihirikwa ku butegetsi yishwe ur’agashinyaguro kuko bamwishe banamukase ubugabo.
Yaje gufungwa afatiwe muri Nigeria mu bwihisho afashwe na Polisi mpuzamahanga.
Yatangiye gukurikiranwa n’ubutabera guhera muri 2007, aza gukatirwa mu 2012 aho yari akurikiranyweho ibyaha bigera kuri 11 birimo ubugizi bwa nabi, gufata ku ngufu, gukoresha abana mu gisirikare, gutera ingabo mu bitugu abagizi ba nabi bari mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi be mu ntambara y’abasivili yahereye 1991-2002 yahitanye abasaga ibihumbi 50 n’ibindi.
Madagascar- Marc Ravalomanana – 2009
Umunyepolitiki Marc Ravalomanana w’imyaka 68 y’amavuko, yakuwe ku butegetsi ku ngufu muri 2009 asimbuwe na Andry Rajoelina wahoze ari umuyobozi w’umurwa mukuru Antananarivo. Kuva ku butegetsi k’uyu muperezida nako kwabaye amateka aho abasaga 100 basize ubuzima mu myigaragambyo yamwamaganaga nyuma akaza guhungira muri Swaziland nyuma naho akahava akimukira muri Repubulika y’Afurika y’Epfo.
Nyuma yaje gukurikiranwa n’ubutabera ashinjwa kunyereza umutungo w’igihugu ungana na Miliyoni 70 z’Amadolari, anakatirwa imyaka 4 muri gereza.
Tunisia- Zine El Abidine Ben Ali – 2011
Uyu musaza w’imyaka 81 y’amavuko na we aza kuri uru rutonde nk’umuperezida watinze ku butegetsi muri iki gihugu, akaba yaramenyekanye cyane mu bihugu by’abarabu nk’umunyagitugu ukaze.
Yashyikiriye ubutegetsi mu 1987 habanje kumeneka amaraso yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwariho bwa President Habib Bourguiba nawe wari uyoboye kuva igihugu cyafata ubwigenge mu 1956.
Uyu muyobozi yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 35 nawe ashinjwa kunyereza amafaranga ya leta atari macye no gutwaza igitugu abo yari ayoboye.
Egypt-Hosni Mubarak – 2011
Uyu musaza w’imyaka 89 y’amavuko nawe ni umwe mu baperezida barambye ku ngoma.
Nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 3 azira abantu bapfuye ubwo yari ku butegetsi baguye mu myigaragambyo y’abashakaga kumukura ku butegetsi na we yarabugundiriye.
Kuva ku butegetsi kwa Mubarak wamaze imyaka 30 ku butegetsi, akaba yarashakaga gukomeza kuyobora, aho ibihugu byinshi by’abarabu byahagurukiye kumurwanya mu myigaragambyo yaguyemo abatabarika.
Yasimbuye Perezida Anwar Sadat wavuye ku butegetsi yishwe ku itariki ya 6 Ukwakira 1981 arasiwe mu karasisi ko kwibuka abaguye mu ntambara ya Islael mu 1973.
Cote d’Ivoire- Laurent Gbagbo – 2011
Umusaza w’imyaka 72 y’amavuko Laurent Gbagbo we akurikiranywe n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha mu Buholandi, akurikiranyweho ibyaha by’ubugizi bwa nabi, gufata ku ngufu, kumena amaraso.
Uyu nawe aza ku rutonde rw’abaperezida bashatse kwangiza igihugu cyabo nyuma yo kwanga ibyavuye mu matora no gutsindwa.
Yamaze imuaka isaga 20 ku buyobozi, aho muri 2011 ari bwo yatangiye gusabwa kuva ku buyobozi nyuma akaza kubuvaho hifashishijwe imbaraga z’amahanga n’imiryango yita ku burenganzira bwa muntu.
Uyu muperezida ni we wabaye uwa mbere mu gukurikiranwa na ICC muri Afurika.
Libya-Muammar Gadaffi–2011
Perezida wa Libiya Gadaffi yageze ku butegetsi mu 1969, yafashwe nk’umunyafurika ukomeye ukomoka mu bihugu by’abarabu kubera ibikorwa bijyanye n’ihinduramatwara yagaragaje atari muri Libiya gusa ahubwo no ku mugabane wose muri rusange.
Mu mwaka wa 2011, nibwo yavuye ku butegetsi yivuganywe n’abanyamahanga batari bagishyigikiye ko akomeza kuyobora kiriya gihugu nyuma y’iminsi itari micye igikorwa cy’imyigaragambyo mu gihugu cye cyari kimaze kugenderamo ubuzima bwa benshi.
Uyu muperezida yagiye ashinjwa kenshi ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi burimo n’igitero cy’ibisasu byagabwe ku ndege mu gace ka Pan Am jumbo mu 1988, aho abasaga 270 bahasize ubuzima.
Perezida Gadaffi yashinjwaga gutunga ibitwaro bya rutura ndetse no gukoresha asaga Miliyoni 10 z’Idolari mu nyungu ze bwite.
Ubutegetsi bwa gadaffi bwaranzwe n’ubugizi bwa nabi no kumena amaraso cyane cyane kuva mu gihe yari atangiye gutegekwa kuva ku butegetsi, mu myigaragambyo y’abaturage yari inarimo uruhare rw’abanyamahanga rugaragarira buri wese, iyi myigaragambyo ari nayo yaje kumuhitana ikaba yarasize yangije byinshi mu gihugu.
Mali- Amadou Toumani Toure – 2012
Amadou w’imyaka 68 y’amavuko na we aza kuri uru rutonde rw’abaperezida nyafurika bakoze ibikorwa bidasanzwe byatumye bakurikiranwa nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi n’ibindi.
Yageze ku butegetsi mu 1968 ahiritse Traore waje no kurasirwa n’abigaragambyaga mu murwa mukuru Bamako.
Ababarirwa mu Magana baguye mu myigaragambyo yimikaga uyu muperezida, ndetse bamwe mu basirikare bariho banga kumuyoboka.
Yaje kwemera kuva ku butegetsi mu 2012, hagombye kwifashishwa izindi mbaraga z’abanyamahanga nawe akaba ari umwe mu baperezida bafite ingoma zaranzwe n’imereka ry’amaraso y’abaturage.
Central African Republic-General Francois Bozize – 2013
Bozize w’imyaka 71 y’amavuko nawe ni umwe mu baperezida bubatse izina mu gutegekesha igitugu no kwanga kurekura ubutegetsi.
Yabaye umusirikare mukuru ku ngoma y’umunyagitugu Jean-Bédel Bokassa ahagana mu mwaka wa 1970s waje gukurwa ku butegetsi mu 1979.
Bozize wavugwagaho kuba umuperezida w’umukirisitu, ibye byaje gihundura isura muri 2011 ubwo yashakaga kongera kuyobora mu matora yabaye muri 2013, ibi bikaza guteza imyigaragambyo yahitanye benshi.
Bukina Faso-Blaise Compaore – 2014
Blaise w’imyaka 66 y’amavuko yavuye ku butegetsi muri 2014 mu myigaragambyo idasanzwe nayo yahitanye benshi.
Uretse kuba ashinjwa kuba umwe mu bahitanye Thomas Sankara mu 1987 wabaye umuyobozi we, yaje no kuva ku butegetsi ahungira mu gihugu cya Cote d’Ivoire aho yaje no gufata ubwenegihugu.
Kugeza ubu, ihinduramatwara rya Thomas Sankara na nubu riracyavugwa cyane cyane mu bihugu by’Afurika y’Uburengerazuba, mbere y’uko yivuganwa n’uwari inshuti ye banarwananye mu gisirikare Blaise Compaore mu 1987.
Twavuze ku baperezida barambye ku butegetsi nyuma bakabukurwaho hamenetse amaraso cyangwa bakavaho batwaye amafaranga y’igihugu, ariko hari n’abakiri ku butegetsi bamaze imyaka myinshi cyane ariko igihe cyabo na bo kikaba kitaragera ngo bagaragare kuko nubwo bakiyobora hagenda hagaragara abatavuga rumwe baba basa n’ababuze imbarutso ngo imirwano ibe nubwo hari aho usangaamaraso adahwema kumeneka.
Aba baperezida ni nka
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (37 years)- Guinee Equatoriale
Robert Mugabe (36 years)-Zimbabwe’s,
Paul Biya (33 years)- Cameroon
Yoweri Museveni ( 31 years)- Uganda
Omar Bashir (27 years)- Sudan ndetse na
Idris Derby (26 years) Chad
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Nsengimana@Bwza.com
