Kuva muri Misiri ya kera kugeza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, abantu bo muri Diaspora nyafurika bagiye bavumbura ibintu bishya bigezweho kandi bifitiye Isi akamaro. Nubwo tumenyereye ibihangano bya C.J. Walker na George Washington Carver, hariho ibintu byinshi byavumbuwe n’Abirabura bitamenywe na benshi.
Ni muri urwo rwego twabateguriye urutonde rw’abavumbuzi icumi b’Abirabura batazwi cyane n’ibitu bavumbuye. Urubuga rwa Congressianal Black Caucus Foundation dukesha uru rutonde ruvuga k bitari byoroshye kurukora ahaninini bitewe n’uko bwinshi mu buvumbuzi tugiye kureba bwagiye bwitirirwa Abanyaburayi n’Abanyamerika b’Abazungu.
1. Benjamin Banneker – almanac
Banneker yavutse ku bacakara bibohoye mu 1731, aba umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere, umwanditsi, umuvumbuzi, umunyamibare, n’umushakashatsi. Yahimbye amwe mu masaha akomeye mu gihe cye, yateguye umujyi wa Washington, D.C., kandi asohora ingengabihe (almanac) esheshatu buri imwe irimo ibisobanuro bya politiki n’imibereho, by’umwihariko aharanira uburenganzira bw’abacakara n’abirabura bavuye mu bucakara.
2. Patricia Bath – laser surgical device (icyuma kifashishwa mu kubaga)
Bath ni umuvumbuzi w’igihe cya vuba akaba n’umuganga w’amaso ukomoka i Harlem, muri New York. Niwe muganga wa mbere w’umwiraburakazi wabonye icyemezo cya leta cy’ubuvuzi. Mu 1986, yahimbye Laserphaco Probe, yahinduye uburyo bwo kuvura ishaza ryo mu jisho.
3. Charles Drew – blood bank (ububiko bw’amaraso)
Drew yavukiye i Washington, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1904. Nk’umuganga ubaga, umushakashatsi, n’umuvumbuzi, yahimbye banki z’amaraso zigezweho. Kuva mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, ibyo yahimbye byakijije abantu ibihumbi.
4. Thomas Elkins – modern toilet (Ubwiherero bugezweho)
Usibye ibindi bintu byavumbuwe, Elkins yahimbye ubwiherero bugezweho mu 1872. Burimo indorerwamo, aho gukarabira intoki, n’ibindi.
5. Philip Emeagwali – mudasobwa ya mbere yihuta
Emeagwali yavukiye muri Nigeria mu 1954. Nubwo yakuze mu gihe cy’intambara ikaze y’abenegihugu, yabonye impamyabumenyi nyinshi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru harimo na Ph.D. mu bumenyi bwa mudasobwa. Mu 1989, yakoze mudasobwa ya mbere yihuta ku Isi.
6. Frederick Jones – Imashini ikonjesha
Jones yari injeniyeri wiyigishije wenyine kandi wavumbuye ibintu byinshi. Kimwe mu bintu kizwi yahimbye ni imashini ikonjesha yakoreshejwe mu gutwara amaraso, ibiryo, n’imiti mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose.
7. Lewis Latimer – light bulb (itara)
Latimer yavutse mu 1848 ku bacakara batorotse, yabaye umuvumbuzi na injeniyeri. Usibye kuba yarahimbye bimwe mu bice bya mbere by’imashini itanga ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje mu nzu (Air Condition), yanagize uruhare mu iterambere rya bimwe mu bintu byavumbuwe ku isi, birimo itara na terefone.
8. Alexander Miles – improved elevator
Nk “umuntu utari umuzungu wari ukize kurusha abandi mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba,” Miles yakoze igikoresho cyikoresha cyo gufungura no gufunga imiryango ya esanseri (elevator). Kubera ubuvumbuzi bwe, abantu bashobora kwishimira iyi mibereho igezweho.
9. Garrett Morgan – amatara ayobora abakoresha umuhanda, na mask zirinda imyuka mibi
Morgan wavukiye Kentucky mu 1877, niwe wahimbye ikintu benshi bakoresha buri munsi; amatara ayobora abakoreha umuhanda (traffic lights). Yavumbuye ibi nyuma yo kubona impanuka nyinshi ku mihanda. Usibye ibi, yakoze masike ya gaze (Gas Mask) yamenyekanye cyane mu gihe yakoreshwaga mu gufasha abakozi nyuma yo guturika ko munsi y’ubutaka.
10. Daniel Hale Williams – umuganga wa mbere wabaze neza umutima
Williams yavukiye muri Pennsylvania mu 1856. Yakomeje kuba umuganga n’umubazi. Mu 1891, yashinze ibitaro bya mbere, nyuma y’imyaka ibiri gusa, aba umuntu wa mbere warangije neza igikorwa cyo kubaga umutima.
