Ingendo zo mu kirere ni uburyo butekanye bwo gutwara abantu, ariko ntabwo buri gihe buba butekanye. Hagiye habaho impanuka nyinshi zo mu kirere zirimo indege zikora ingendo z’ubucuruzi, kuva ingendo z’indege zabaho. Mu gihe ingendo z’indege zagutse kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara bw’indege bwiyongereye, niko n’abahitanwa n’impanuka biyongera. Gusa, buri cyago cyatangije iterambere rishya hamwe n’ubuziranenge mu mutekano w’indege n’ikoranabuhanga, ibituma impanuka zigenda zigabanyuka.
Dore impanuka 10 mbi z’indege zagiye ziterwa n’ibibazo bya tekiniki, amakosa ya kimuntu cyangwa ikirere nk’uko tubikesha cleartrip.com
1. Tenerife Airport Disaster (1977)
Icyagombaga kuba kimwe mu biza bibi cyane mu mateka y’indege cyabayeho biturutse ku ruhererekane rw’ibintu bibabaje, bitangirana no guturika ku kibuga cy’indege cya Gran Canaria muri Espagne. Ibi byatumye indege zitari nke zerekeza ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Tenerife, zirimo n’indege ya KLM Flight 4805 n’indege ya Pan Am Flight 1736. Kubera igihu cyinshi, kutagira radar yo ku butaka, n’itumanaho ribi, indege ebyiri za Boeing 747 zaragonganye zirahanuka zihitana ubuzima bw’abagenzi 583 bari mu ndege zombi harokoka gusa abagenzi 61 bari mu ndege ya Pan Am.
2. Japan Airlines Flight 123 (1985)
Impanuka y’indege ya Japan Airlines Flight 123 iracyari mpanuka mbi kurusha izindi yabayeho y’indege imwe kugeza ubu. Indege ya Boeing 747 yari itwaye abagenzi 524 barimo n’abayikoragamo ubwo yagwaga mu karere k’imisozi yegereye Umusozi wa Takamagahar, mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Buyapani.
Indege yahagurutse i Tokyo ku kibuga cy’indege cya Haneda, yerekezaga Osaka. Iminota 12 gusa imaze guhaguruka, habaye ibintu bitatekerezwaga, indege yagize decompression cyangwa umuyaga winjiramo bituma itakaza sisitemu ya hydraulic umuderevu w’indege ananirwa kuyigenzura. N’ubwo byagenze bityo ariko, abakozi babashije kugumisha indege mu kirere ikindi gice cy’isaha, ariko amaherezo yaguye mu mpinga, ihitana abagenzi 520, harokoka 4 gusa.
3. Charkhi Dadri Mid-Air Collision (1996)
Charkhi Dadri ni umudugudu muto uri mu burengerazuba bwa New Delhi wabaye ikirangirire kubera ibiza byabereye mu kirere cyaho. Kugongana mu kirere kw’indege ya Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763 n’iya Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 kuracyari icyago gikomeye cy’ubu bwoko kugeza ubu. Iyi mpanuka yabaye nyuma gato y’uko indege ya Saudi Arabian Airlines yari ihagurutse i New Delhi, mu gihe indege ya Kazakhstan Airlines yiteguraga kuhagera.
Bitewe n’ubumenyi buke bwo gutumanaho mu Cyongereza ku bapilote ba Kazakhstan no kutagira radar yo kugenzura ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Indira Gandhi inzira z’indege zarahuye kandi abaderevu ntibabasha gukumira impanuka. Abantu 349 bari mu ndege zombi bazize iyi mpanuka.
4. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 (1974)
Indege ya Turkish Airlines Flight 981 yaguye munkengero za Paris kubera intege y’igishushanyo cyayo no kunanirwa, kw’abitaga ku mizigo b’Abanya-Maroc, gusoma neza no kumva amabwiriza bahawe mu Cyongereza n’Ikinya-Turkiya. Byaje gutuma umuryango wo ku gice kibikwamo imizigo cy’indege ufunguka indege iri mu kirere, umuyaga winjiramo ari mwinshi bituma umuderevu ananirwa kugenzura indege igwa mu ishyamba rya Ermonville, mu nkengero za Paris, abantu 346 bari barimo bahasiga ubuzima.
5. American Airlines Flight 191 (1979)
Impanuka y’indege ya American Airlines Flight 191 iracyari impanuka mbi y’indege yabereye muri Amerika kandi ituma indege za McDonnell Douglas DC-10 zitakaza icyizere. Impanuka yabaye nyuma y’akanya gato ihagurutse ubwo moteri imwe y’ibumoso yitandukanyaga n’indege, ikanyura hejuru y’ibaba. Indege yahise itangira kugenda yikaraga irihindukiza igwa mu murima wari uri hafi aho. Iperereza ryakozwe ryagaragaje ko impanuka yatewe no gufatwa nabi kw’indege bituma ihitana ubuzima bw’abantu 273 bose bari mu ndege, ndetse na 2 bari hasi.
6. Air India Flight 855 (1978)
Ku munsi w’ubunani mu 1978, Indege ya Air India Flight 855 yerekezaga i Dubai, ivuye ku kibuga cy’indege cya Santacruz, i Mumbai. Indege ya Boeing 747 yakoreshejwe muri uru rugendo mu by’ukuri yari iya mbere y’ubu bwoko yaguzwe na Air India mu 1971. Ikibabaje ni uko indege itigeze igera kure ahubwo yaguye mu Nyanja ya Arabiya, hafi y’inkombe za Mumbai, mu minota mike ihagurutse.
Impanuka yatewe n’imikorere mibi y’ibikoresho no kunanirwa kw’abakozi gusubiza uko bikwiye, biturutse ku bushobozi bucye bwabo bwo kugenzura amakuru yatangwaga na mudasobwa yo mu ndege kubera umwijima hejuru y’inyanja. Abantu 213 bose bari mu ndege bapfiriye mu mpanuka ya kabiri y’indege mbi ku butaka bw’u Buhinde.
7. Air India Express Flight 812 (2010)
Indege ya Air India Express Flight 812 ni impanuka ya gatatu yahitanye abantu benshi ku butaka bw’u Buhinde. Indege yerekezaga i Mangalore ivuye Dubai. Ikibuga cy’indege cya Mangalore ni kimwe mu bibuga by’indege bitatu byo mu gihugu bifite ahanura indege hari hejuru, bivuze ko uburebure bw’umuhanda ari bugufi kubera imisozi. Kuyobora indege bisaba ubwitonzi bukomeye no kumenya neza ikibuga.
Kubw’ibyago, muri iki gihe umuderevu w’indege yabaze nabi kugwa hanyuma agwa arenze ikibuga ari nako akora amakosa menshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, indege yarenze umuhanda maze igwa hejuru y’urutare ifatwa n’inkongi y’umuriro. Iyi mpanuka yahitanye ubuzima bw’abantu 158, harokoka 8 gusa.
8. American Airlines Flight 587 (2001)
Impanuka y’indege ya American Airlines Flight 587 niyo mpanuka ya kabiri mbi y’indege yabaye muri Amerika. Indege yahoraga iguruka hagati y’ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya John F. Kennedy, Umujyi wa New York, n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Las Américas, Santo Domingo, muri Repubulika ya Dominikani.
Nyuma y’amezi abiri gusa nyuma y’igitero cyo kuwa 11 Nzeri, indege yakoze impanuka nyuma gato yo guhaguruka, hakekwa iterabwoba. Iperereza ryakozwe ryerekanye ko impanuka yatewe n’ikosa ry’umupilote. Indege yaguye mu gace gaturanye n’aka Queens, muri New York, ihitana abantu 260 bose bari bayirimo na 5 bari hasi.
9. Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 (2014)
Ibura ry’indege ya Malaysian Airlines Flight MH370 ryagarutsweho kenshi mu itangazamakuru ndetse ribera benshi amayobera mu 2014, ubwo yaburirwaga irengero ku ya 8 Werurwe 2014. Indege yari yerekeje i Beijing ivuye Kuala Lumpur igihe igenzura ry’ikirere ryayiburaga nta nteguza cyangwa kwerekana ikibazo yagize.
N’ubwo ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwakozwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye mu Nyanja y’u Buhinde, nta kimenyetso cy’indege cyigeze kiboneka kugeza igihe igice cy’ibaba ryayo cyagaragaraga ku kirwa cya Reunion, mu ntera ya kilometero 3.700 uvuye aho bashakiraga, muri Nyakanga 2015. Ibikorwa byo gushakisha byari byinshi cyane kandi bihenze ku buryo byatwaye arenga igice cya miliyoni y’amadolari mu mezi macye.
Abahanga bavuga ko indege yahinduye inzira kubera impamvu zitazwi kandi birashoboka ko yakomeje urugendo rwayo kugeza ibuze lisansi. Abantu 239 bose bari mu ndege bikekwa ko bahasize ubuzima.
10. China Airlines Flight 140 (1994)
Indege ya China Airlines Flight 140 yahoraga iguruka hagati y’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Chiang Kai-shek cya Taipei, muri Taiwan, n’ikibuga cy’indege cya Nagoya, mu Buyapani. Kubw’ibyago, ku ya 26 Mata 1994 yahindutse ikindi ariko kidasanzwe ubwo Umupilote wa mbere yakandaga buto yo guhaguruka no kuzenguruka cyangwa Takeoff / Go-around button, atabishaka ubwo indege yendaga kugwa ku kibuga cy’indege cya Nagoya.
Indege yahise igabanya umuvuduko irahagarara birangira iguye ihitana abantu 264 muri 271 bari bayirimo. Iracyari impanuka mbi y’indege kuri China Airlines n’iya kabiri mbi ku butaka bw’u Buyapani.
