Iyo witegereje bamwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu bya Afurika, yaba iya none n’igihe cyashize usanga ikibazo cyo gusazira ku buyobozi kugera aho basinzirira aho bicaye mu ruhame kwa bamwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu cyangwa abami bagiye bayobora uyu mugabane atari agaseseshwarumuri!
Gusa akenshi kubera ubudahangarwa buhambaye bwa banyakubahwa usanga itangazamakuru ritabavugaho cyane kubera kugira agahanga gato rikakarinda uruguma.
Hari abavuga bati “ Imyaka myinshi ku muntu nka Perezida w’igihugu iki cyangwa kiriya ntahuriro yagirana n’uburyo ubu cyangwa buriya bw’imitegekere ye” .
Ibi rero umuntu yabyemera atabyemera atyo byaterwa n’amarangamutima cyangwa inyungu afite kuri iyo myumvire.
Ukuri kw’ibintu nuko uwavuga ko amagara mazima [ Physical Fitness ] ku muntu w’umuyobozi wese ari ikintu cy’ingenzi ntiyaba agiye kure y’ukuri,kabone n’ubwo yaba Perezida uyu cyangwa uriya.
Ubusanzwe Perezida si umuntu usanzwe mu nshingano ze n’akazi aba agomba kuba yuzuza kandi arinawe aba aramuswa amabanga y’igihugu cyose haba mu gihe cy’amahoro n’amage, umukuru w’igihugu yakagombye kuba ari umuntu ufite ubuzima buzira umuze ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi rusobanutse.
Mu nkuru yacu turagerageza guterera akajisho kuri bamwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu by’umugabane wa Afurika bagenda basigwa n’amagara uko bwije n’uko bukeye, nyamara hakanabaho aho usanga nta n’akanunu ko kurekura imbehe cyangwa ubutegetsi usanga bafite!
Ese kabone n’ubwo ikinyamakuru Bwiza.com tutabonye uko twakora icukumbura rihagije ku cyo abaturage b’ibyo bihugu baba babivugaho wowe usoma iyi nkuru ubitekerezaho iki?
Kuba umwanya utari muto cyangwa se iminsi itari mike usanga uwitwa Perezida aba yibereye ibwotamasimbi mu kwivuza ndetse hakaba n’abajyayo bakibera muri koma neza neza bakibagirana ni ibintu umuntu atabona ngo aceceke !
1.Ku mwanya wa mbere hari Perezida Abdelaziz Bouteflika wa Algeria
Umukambwe Abdelaziz Bouteflika ni Perezida wa Algeria ku va mu 1999, mu 2004 kandi uyu musaza nabwo yatsinze amatora,yemwe no mu 2009 yegukana indi ntsinzi hamwe no mu 2014 arayitsindagira kugeza magingo aya niwe Perezida wa kimwe mu bihugu binini kuri uyu mugabane.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika ariko ubu ntawe uzi niba no mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu mu 2019 azaba agihumeka cyangwa niba nanagezayo aziyamamaza cyane ko amagara ye amugeze kure.
Abdelaziz Bouteflika yavutse kuwa 02 Werurwe 1937 ubu akaba afite imyaka 80 ifunze.
Mu mateka ye ya hafi nuko ahagana muri za 1963 kugeza mu 1978 ,Abdelaziz Bouteflika yabaye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Algeria, ikintu usanga cyaramuhaye amahirwe yo kuba umwe mu banyapolitiki rurangiranwa bo muri Algeria ndetse no mu bihugu bya Afurika y’Abarabu [ African Maghreb Countries ].
Uyu mukuru w’igihugu uzamusanga mu tugare tumwe dutwara abafite ubumuga runaka [ icyo sicyo kibazo ariko ] mugabo inshuro wamusanga atari muri bya byuma bahumekeramo bimwongerera umwuka ni nkeya !
Kenshi usanga buri kinyamakuru cyo muri Algeria n’Ubufaransa gihora kiteze gutanguranwa n’ikindi gutangaza inkuru y’itabaruka ry’uyu musaza w’umu Perezida !
Kumubona kuri Televiziyo asoma imbwirwaruhame wumva umufitiye impuhwe ari naho usanga abantu bibaza bati “Ese umuntu nk’uyu arinda arushya iminsi kubera iki igihugu cye nta bandi bantu bakiyobora bafite”!
Biti ihi se hakabaho kwibaza impamvu aba basaza batagira umutima wo kurekura ubutegetsi bakabuha abakiri bato, bo bakicara bakaruhuka nubundi bafatwa nk’abanyacyubahiro.
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Inshingano zo kuba Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo , wahita wibaza uti ubu se koko ntibyagorana kuba umusaza nkuyu yayobora ingabo igihugu gitewe we yibereye muri ICU [ Intensive Care Unit ] mu bitaro nabyo byo mu mahanga !
1.1 Bouteflika atangira amabwiriza ku gitanda kandi agakoresha ikaramu yandika ku gapapuro akajya ahereza Abaminisitiri ubundi agaca amarenga kubera ko yagobwe ururimi!
Ibyo kurwara kwa Abdelaziz Bouteflika no kuba yarakunze kwibera mu bitaro byaje gutangira ahagana muri za 2005, ku wa 26 Ugushyingo muri uwo mwaka, uyu mukuru w’igihugu yararyamishijwe mu bitaro byo mu Bufaransa igifu cye cyaracitse udusebe [ Gastric Ulcer Hemorrhage] aha hantu byashobokaga ko yahapfira ariko Imana ikinga akaboko mu byumweru 3 yahamaze atumva ibibera hanze!
Gusa amakuru y’ibihuha yavugaga ko Abdelaziz Bouteflika yaba yari arwaye kanseri yo mu gifu bigahishwa kugirango abaturage ba Algeria banamukunda kubi badakuka umutima.
Muri 2006 nabwo yasubiye kwivuza, muri 2013 uyu musaza yibereye mu bitaro mu mujyi wa Paris ari muri koma amezi 4 yose ntawe uzi akanunu ke !
Mu Gushyingo 2014 kandi Abdelazaz Bouteflika yashyizwe muri Grenoble Hospital bimwe mu bitaro byihagazeho mu mujyi wa Paris na none.
Guhera mu mwaka wa 2016 kugeza magingo aya, Bwana Abdelaziz Bouteflika yibera muri koma, niyo agize ngo arasa n’ukanguka guhera ubwo abaminisitiri n’abandi bayobozi bakuru barahurura n’udutabo n’udukaramu nuko akabandikira ibyo bakora buri umwe wese akigendera akajya gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza n’amarenga ya Perezida, namwe munyumvire koko!
Ubuse koko nkuko twabivuze haruguru, igihugu kiramutse gitewe abagaba b’ingabo bajya baza gufata amategeko n’amarenga ku gitanda cya Perezida bakabona gukimirana bakajya kurwana, ubwo ibyo byaba ari akahe gakoryo koko !
2.Ku mwanya wa kabiri hari Gen. Paul Barthélemy Biya’a Bi Mvondo wa Cameroon!
Nyakubahwa Paul Barthélemy Biya’a Bi Mvondo yavutse kuwa 13 Gashyantare mu 1933 kugeza ubu akaba yibitseho umurundo w’imyaka 84 akaba akomoka mu gace k’Amajyepfo ya Cameroon ahitwa Mvomeka mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo.
Uyu musaza akaba ajunguje iki gihugu imyaka 35 bamwe mu bana bo muri Cameroon bavutse agifata ubutegetsi ubu nabo ni abakambwe abandi barububa imburagihe.
Paul Berthélemy Biya’a bi Mvondo uyu ariko nawe akaba ararwana n’ubuzima kuko ari kwa kundi nawe ahora mu kwivuza gukomeye, ikintu abaturage ba Cameroon batangiye kwibaza, nawe umunsi umwe bazumva umwuka waheze.
Uyu musaza uri muri Politiki kuva mu 1968 yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri politiki ya Cameroon kugeza abaye Perezida.
Guhera mu 1964 Paul Biya yabaye Umuyobozi muri Misiteri y’Uburezi muri Cameroon ndetse anayibera Umunyamabanga mukuru kugeza mu 1965.
Kuva ubwo mu 1968-1975 yabaye umunyamabanga muri Prezidansi ya Cameroon ku butegetsi bwa Bwana Ahmadou Ahidjo ari nawe yaje gusimbura ku ngoma ubwo uyu Ahmadou Ahidjo yeguraga ku butegetsi igitaraganya ku mpamvu zasaga n’izisunze Itegeko Nshinga ryari ririho icyo gihe.
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Gusa ubwo uyu mugabo yeguraga Paul Biya yari amaze imyaka ikabakaba 7 ari Minisitiri w’Intebe, kuva mu 1975- 1982 yahise afata ubutegetsi mu bintu wabonaga byari byateguwe neza .
Uwavuga ko kuva Paul Biya yabaho mu busore bwe kugeza magingo aya ari umugabo wo muri Perezidansi ntiyaba abeshya.
Paul Biya yigaragaje cyane mu gihe Cameroon yari mu ntambara zikaze zari ziyishyamiranyije na Nigeria, ibi bihugu bipfa ibirwa byo mu nkombe y’inyanja bya Bakassi, amakimbirane yahoshejwe n’Urukiko mpuzamahanga muri 2007 bigasoza Cameroon itsindiye uyu mwigimbakirwa.
Igitangaje kuri uyu mugabo Paul Biya ni ukuntu muri iyo myaka yose kuva 1964-1975, yanagiye abona imyanya muri Minisiteri ariko akanga akagumishwa ku mwanya w’ubuyobozi bwa Biro muri Prezidansi kugeza abaye Minisitiri w’Intebe mu 1972 kuwa 30 Kamena.
Ikintu cyaje gutangaza abaturage ba Cameroon ariko kidasanzwe ni ukuntu Bwana Ahmadou Ahidjo mu kwegura kwe yahisemo umusimbura nka Paul Biya .
Ibyo bikaba mu gihe nta watekerezaga ko uyu mu Perezida wari Umusilamu yahitamo Umukristu wo mu idini Gatolika ritacanaga uwaka na Islam muri Cameroon ngo amusimbure.
Ikindi kandi Paul Biya atarahabwaga amahirwe. Abantu bakomokaga mu Majyepfo ya Cameroon basaga nk’abasuzugurwa n’abo mu gice cy’Amajyaruguru cyasaga n’ikiganjemo idini ya Islam, Ahmadou Ahidjo yakomokagamo ariko bigasa n’aho Ahmadou Ahidjo yasaga n’uwamaze gutegura Paul Biya kuzamusimbura ahereye kera kandi akaba yari yaramubereye inkoramutima cyane imyaka yose bamaranye mu Ngoro y’Umukuru w’Igihugu ashinzwe imirimo yo mu Biro bye.
2.1 Paul Biya yaje kudacana uwaka na Ahmadou Ahidjo wari umaze kwegura atangira kumuhiga
Kimwe mu bintu byagaragaje ukudacana uwaka na Bwana Ahmadou Ahidjo nuko ahagana mu 1982 nyuma yo kwegura kwe, uyu mugabo yagumye ku mwanya wa Perezida w’ishyaka ryari riri ku butegetsi rya CNU [ Cameroon National Union ].
Paul Biya icyo gihe ni nabwo yagirwaga Visi Perezida w’iryo shyaka atowe n’akanama ka politiki y’ishyaka kari kateranye igitaraganya.
Ahmadou Ahidjo yakomeje kuba inkingi ya mwamba y’ubutegetsi bwa Paul Biya kugeza mu 1983 ariko umubano wabo wagendaga uzamwo udutotsi gahoro gahoro .
Kuva ubwo Paul Biya atangira gucungana ku jisho na Ahmadou Ahidjo kugeza ubwo Ahmadou Ahidjo yacerembye agakiza amagara ye akigira mu buhungiro muri France.
Ubwo Ahmadou Ahidjo yahungaga Paul Biya yahise ateranya Komite nkuru y’Ishyaka Cameroon National Union, hari kuwa 14 Nzeri 1983, maze Paul Biya ahita atangazwa nk’Umukuru w’ishyaka rya CNU ku mugaragaro.
Ku wa 14 Mutarama, nyuma yaho gato Paul Biya yahise atangaza amatora ya Perezida yari ateganyijwe mu 1984 kuva ubwo kandi muri uwo mwaka Paul Biya yarokotse Coup d’Etat byavuzwe ko yari yateguwe na Ahmadou Ahidjo aho yari muri France maze Bwana Paul Biya ategeka ko Ahmadou Ahidjo acirwa urubanza adahari [ Trial in absentia ] mu rwego rwo kumurangiza burundu ubutazongera kurota kumwigerera.
Muri iyo Coup d’Etat bivugwa ko yari yateguwe n’abasirikare barinda umukuru w’igihugu bakomoka mu idini ya Islam no mu Majyaruguru ya Cameroon rwarambikanye hagati y’abarinda ibiro by’umukuru w’igihugu, abagera ku 1000 bahasiga agatwe.
Abari ku ruhande rwa Paul Biya batahukana intsinzi, ikintu cyateye umujinya Paul Biya agahita afata umwanzuro wo gusenya Ishyaka rya Cameroon National Union maze ahita ashinga irindi rya CPDM [ The Cameroon People’s Democratic Movement ] mu mpinduka zabereye Bamenda mu Majyaruguru ya Cameroon .
Nkuko bitangazwa na Times24.info,hatangiye gucicikana inkuru ko Paul Biya yaba arembejwe na kanseri ifata ku dusabo tw’intanga [ Cancer de prostate ] ariko aya makuru aburirwa gihamya kugeza magingo aya.
Muri Werurwe 2015 kandi ikinyamakuru Lemonde.fr cyandikirwa mu Bufransa cyatangaje ku mugaragaro ko Bwana Paul Biya yaba yari kwivuriza mu Bitaro Canton muri Geneva aho byavugwaga ko yaba yari asumbirijwe n’uburwayi bw’umutima na ya Kanseri twavuze haruguru.
Muri uru rugendo rwo kwivuza kandi byavuzwe ko Paul Biya yaba yarakoresheje Miliyari 1250 z’ama CFA, amafaranga akoreshwa n’ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika byahoze bikolonizwa n’Ubufaransa.
Aya makuru kandi akaba yaraje kwemezwa n’Ikinyamakuru Camer.be kizobereye mu kwandika ku nkuru za Cameroon.
Uwavuga ko Paul Biya nawe atorohewe n’amagara ntiyaba akabije nubwo ntako atagize ngo arye ku butegetsi n’iraha ryabwo.
Imyaka isaga 50 muri Prezidansi ni akumiro ku mugabane wa Afurika gusa ngo agahugu umuco akandi uwako ariko ntibiba byumvikana ukuntu nka Paul Biya arinda yububa agasaza aka kageni koko nta karuhuko afashe! burya koko ubanza muri Afrika ingoma ziryoha !
3.Ku mwanya wa 3 hari umukambwe, Robert Gabriel Karigamombe Mugabe
Robert Gabriel Mugabe ni umwe mu bakuru b’ibihugu bazwi cyane kandi bakunze kugarukwaho mu Itangazamakuru muri Afurika ndetse no hanze yayo.
Robert Mugabe yavutse kuwa 21 Gashyantare 1924 ku myaka ye 93, biravugwa ko bishoboka kuba ariwe mukuru w’igihugu usheshe akanguhe kuri uyu mugabane wa Afurika ndetse ahari no ku isi yose ubanza ntawumuhiga isusumira n’ubusaza.
Uyu musaza wabaye Perezida wa Zimbabwe kuva mu 1987 nyuma yo kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe imyaka, kuva kuwa 18 Mata 1980 kugeza 31 Ukuboza 1987, ku myaka 7 amezi 8 n’iminsi 13 aho uwari umukuru w’igihugu yari Bwana Canaan Banana nawe wari uwusimbuyeho Bwana Abel Muzolewa.
Mu minsi ya vuba kandi Mugabe yabaye Perezida w’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe. Ikindi kandi .
avugwa ko ariwe Perezida waba ufite impamyabumenyi nyinshi ku isi aho zikabakaba hejuru ya 7 kandi ziganjemo izo ku rwego rwa Phd cyangwa Doctorat ku bakoresha igifaransa.
Perezida Mugabe Robert ubu niwe Mukuru w’Ishyaka rya ZANU-PF ryagize uruhare rwo guharanira ubwigenge bw’icyahoze ari Rhodésia y’Epfo mu gihe cy’Ubukoloni bw’Abongereza, ubu niyo Zimbabwe ya none .
Uwavuga ibya Robert Mugabe ariko ntiyabirangiza ahubwo twazabigarukaho mu nkuru zacu zitaha nibidukundira.
Abaturage ba Zimbabwe ntabwo bitaye ku bihano ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw’isi babafatiye, byatumye ifaranga ryabo rita agaciro ku rwego rutari rwabaho mu mateka y’isi, ibyo ntibibuza ko aba baturage bakomeza gukunda Mugabe.
Robert Mugabe kandi akundwa n’urubyiruko rwinshi rwo muri Afurika kugeza aho usanga abashaka gutebya cyangwa kubwirana amagambo y’ubwenge badahwema gukoresha imvugo bakunze no kwitirira uyu musaza Robert Mugabe kandi biba bigaragara ko bamubeshyera nkana .
Robert Mugabe ku kigero cy’imyaka 10, se umubyara yahise ata nyina maze Mugabe Robert agumana na nyina ariko akunda kwiga cyane kandi akaba umuhanga karundura mu burushyi yakuriyemo.
Robert Mugabe yabonye impamyabumenyi mu kwigisha afite imyaka 17, ahita agana muri Kaminuza ya Hare muri Afurika y’Epfo maze ahita ahatangirira ishuri ryigisha iby’ururimi rw’icyongereza n’amateka.
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Aha niho yatangiye kwomekana n’ibindi bikonyozi byo muri politiki yo hambere muri Afurika nka ba Mwalimu Yulius Nyerere, Keneth Kaunda,Herbert Chitepo ndetse na Robert Sobukwe bari impirimbanyi za demokarasi mu bihugu byabo.
Tubibutse ko icyo gihe Zimbabwe nkuko twabivuze yitwaga Rhodésie y’Epfo mu gihe Zambia yo yari Rhodésie ya ruguru.
Robert Mugabe kandi yakoze akazi ko kwigisha ahantu hatandukanye nko muri Ghana, Zambia n’ahandi.
Mu 1960 nibwo Robert Mugabe yatashye iwabo akubutse mu bwalimu maze atangiza ingengabitekerezo igendera ku mahame ya Mao Zedong wari warabaye impirimbanyi, yaharaniraga kubohoza Ubushinwa bwivana mu bukoloni bw’Abayapani.
Muri uru rugamba Mugabe Robert yahahuriye na Bwana Ndébélé Joshua Nkomo maze bakora Ishyaka rya National Democratic Party ryaje guhinduka Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), ako kanya rihita ritangira guhigwa bukware na Leta y’abazungu yari iyobowe na Ian Smith w’umwongereza.
Mu 1963 nibwo Robert Mugabe yaje gushinga ishyaka rye bwite rya Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) ashyigikiwe na Pasteur Ndabanigi Sithole hamwe n’umwe mu ba Avocat witwaga Herbert Chitepo twabonye haruguru.
Kuva ubwo ZAPU na ZANU bihinduka amashyaka 2 aho wasangaga ubwoko bwa Shona bwigiriye kwa Mugabe Robert maze ZAPU nayo yikora agatsiko ukwayo ku ruhande rw’ubwoko bw’aba Ndébélés bwabugwaga mu ntege mu bwinshi muri Zimbabwe bwa Joshua Nkomo.
Mu 1988 nibwo habayeho kwiyunga kwa ya moko 2 maze ZAPU yiyemeza gusenyukira muri ZANU maze Joshua Nkomo agirwa Visi Perezida wa Zimbabwe kuva ubwo Zimbabwe iba nkiyobowe n’ishyaka rimwe kugeza ubwo Morgan Tsvangrai ashinze irindi shyaka mu myaka yashize, ryazanye amatwara arwanya Leta, ishyaka rya MDC [ The Movement for Democratic Change] .
Robert Mugabe ariko ufite ibigwi bihambaye ntiyahwemye kunengwa guhembera inzangano hagati y’aya moko 2 atumvikana y’aba Shonas n’aba Ndémbélés .
Byaje kugeza aho Bwana Ban Ki-moon, Jacob Zuma ndetse na Musenyeri Desmond Tutu unafite rya kamba ryitiriwe Amahoro rya Nobel batahwemye kugaragaza Mugabe Robert nk’umuntu isi idacunze neza wakora amarorerwa aryanisha abanya Zimbabwe nk’ayabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994.
Mu kwezi gushize nibwo Bwana Robert Mugabe yavuzweho uburwayi bukaze bwanatumye ajyanwa kuvuzwa mu bitaro bikomeye byo muri Singapore .
Abakurikiranira hafi politiki ya Zimbabwe bavuga ko hagendewe ku mbaraga z’ishyaka ZANU-PF ifite hamwe n’igihagararo ubwe Robert Mugabe afite mu gihugu cye no mu matora ataha mu 2018 niyiyamamaza atazabura kuyatsinda.
Ese uyu mukambwe ugeze mu zabukuru azashobora guhagarara kigabo akomeze ayobore iki gihugu !
Ni mpamvu ki ariko aba basaza bataharira abakiri bato nabo bakagerageza ko mu bigaragara nabo ubwabo bafite ibyo bashimirwa bakoze bakiri abasore.
Muri iyi nkuru ntitubashije kubagezaho ubuzima bugerwa ku mashyi bwa Nyakubahwa Muhammadu Buhari wa Nigeria ubu twandika iyi nkuru, ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal cyanditse ko yaba amaze kugaruka mu gihugu cye cya Nigeria nyuma y’iminsi 10 yari amaze mu London mu Bwongereza .
Muri iyo minsi yose Leta ya Nigeria yakomeje guhisha ko uyu mugabo arembejwe n’uburwayi, iyobya uburari ko yaba yari mu karuhuko gasanzwe ariko amakuru aranga akomeza gucicikana ko yari arembejwe n’uburwayi na n’ubu butaramenyekana.
Koko kugeza ubwo umuntu nka Perezida agera aho amanuka indege akabandarara akikubita hasi undi akibera muri koma imyaka 3, abandi ugasanga nuwabasaba kwandika amazina y’ibihugu bitirirwa kuyobora byabagora kuyandika!
Gutegeka cyangwa kuyobora birasanzwe ariko gutegeka ku mu Perezida wibera muri koma biragoye kumvikana ku babyiruka muri Afurika abakiri bato bahora bibaza iherezo ry’aba bakambwe bikabayobera.
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Marshall Eugene David/Bwiza.com
