Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Donald Trump arateganya kwimura ambasade y’igihugu cye muri Israel akayivana I Ter Aviv akayimurira I Yerusalemu, ariko ibihugu nka Chile, u Buholandi na Kenya nabyo byigeze kugira ambasade muri uyu mujyi ziza kuhimurwa.
Mu gihe perezida Trump yashyira mu bikorwa kwimura ambasade ayikura I Tel Aviv ayijyana I Yerusalemu, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nizo gihugu rukumbi kizaba gifite ambasade muri uyu mujyi utavugwaho rumwe. Nyamara ariko hari igihe mu mateka magufi ya Israel, ibihugu 16 byari bifite ambasade I Yerusalemu ariko ziza kuhavanwa.
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Eshatu muri izi ambasade zari iz’ibihugu byo muri Afurika ari byo; Cote d’Ivoire, Zaire (kuri ubu ni Repubulika iharanira DDemokarasi ya Congo) na Kenya. Izindi 11 zari iz’ibihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo; Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, Uruguay na Venezuela, zafunguwe mu myaka ya za 50, kongeraho u Buholandi na Haiti.
Ubwo ibi bihugu byashyiraga ambasade zabyo muri Yerusalemu uyu mujyi ntiwari wemewe nk’umurwa mukuru wa Israel, aho amasezerano yavugaga ndetse akivuga ko ibya Yerusalemu bigomba gufatwaho icyemezo n’Abanyapalestina n’Abanya-Israel ubwabo binyuze mu mishyikirano.
Mu gihe bikigaragara ko ibi bikiri kure nk’ukwezi, ahanini byari byitezwe ko nihashingwa leta ya Palestina, ibihugu byombi; Israel na Palestina, bizasangira Yerusalemu nk’umurwa mukuru wabyo hakabaho Yerusalemu y’Uburasizuba na Yerusalemu y’Uburengerazuba.
Ku rundi ruhande kuba bitemewe ku mugaragaro ntibibuza Israel gufata Yerusalemu nk’icyicaro cya Guverinoma yayo, aho ba ambasaderi b’ibihugu by’amahanga bakaba basanga perezida wa Israel muri uyu mujyi bamushyiriye inyandiko ziba uburenganzira bwo guhagararira ibihugu byabo muri Israel ndetse abayobozi b’abanyamahanga bakaba bakunze gusura Yerusalemu bagiye guhura no kugira ibyo bakorana na bagenzi babo bo muri Israel nk’uko iyi nkuru dukesha ikinyamakuru Haaretz cyo muri iki gihugu ivuga.
Ushobora kwibaza uko ambasade z’ibihugu 16 zari I Yerusalemu zahavuye
Ku ikubitiro ambasade za mbere zahavuye nyuma y’intambara ya Yom Kippur, ubwo ibihugu bya Cote d’Ivoire, Zaire na Kenya byacanaga umubano na Israel nyuma y’inama y’ibihugu bitari bifite uruhande bibogamiyeho (hagati ya capitalism na communism) yateraniye Algiers muri Nzeri 1973.
Nubwo ibi bihugu byaje gusubukura vuba umubano wabyo na Israel; Zaire mu 1981, Cote d’Ivoire mu 1986 na Kenya mu 1988, ambasade zabyo zongeye gufungura zikorera I Tel Aviv aho gusubira I Yerusalemu.
Ibihugu 13 bisigaye byaje gufunga ambasade zabyo I Yerusalemu mu 1980, nyuma y’umwanzuro w’inteko ishinga amategeko (Knesset) ku itegeko shingiro kuri Yerusalemu, nk’umurwa mukuru wa Israel, aho ryavugaga ko uyu mujyi ari umurwa mukuru wuzuye kandi wunze ubumwe wa Israel (complete and united capital of Israel).
Nubwo iri tegeko ritahinduye bigaragara ibyari bihari kuva Israel yakongera gufatanya uyu mujyi wari waracitsemo ibice bibiri muri Kamena 1967, kwagura imbibi zawo byafashwe n’Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye nk’ubushotoranyi ndetse kabyamagana nko guhonyora amategeko mpuzamahanga. Umwanzuro w’aka kanama wa 478 wo muri Kanama 1980 ukaba warasabye ibihugu bigize Loni kuvana ambasade zabyo I Yerusalemu.
Nubwo ibihugu nka Costa Rica na El Salvador byongeye kugarura ambasade zabyo muri Yerusalemu y’Uburengerazuba mu ntangirro z’1984, mu 2006 zyongeye kuva muri uyu mujyi. Bolivia yo yaje no gusubika umubao wayo na Israel mu 2009.
Hagati aho, Israel yo yakomeje gutera intambwe zigaragaza gukomeza kwigarurira Yerusalemu yonyine ntawe bayisangiye, yongera ku itegko ryo mu 1980 itegeko ryo mu 2014 rivuga ko icyemezo cyose cyo kuva mu gice cya Yerusalemu bigomba kwemezwa n’ubwiganze bw’abagize inteko ishinga amategeko igizwe n’abadepite 80 ndetse hakanabaho kamarampaka y’abaturage.
Ku Muryango w’Abibumbye ariko, Yerusalemu iracyari umujyi uteri uwa Israel cyangwa Palestina (Corpus separatum). Ubwo ibi byatangwagamo igitekerezo bwa mbere muri gahunda yo kugabanya uyu mujyi y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu 1947, byari byitezwe ko ariko uzakomeza kubaho ntawe uwiyitirira ahubwo ukba umujyi mpuzamahanga wera ku myemerere itatu ikomeye, ndetse abaturage b’isi yose bakaba bemerewe kuwujyamo. Guverinoma ya mbere ya Israel ibi yarabyemeye ariko Palestina irabyamagana.
Ubwo intambara y’ubwigenge yarangiraga mu 1949, amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara yasigiye igihugu cya Jordan kugenzura uburasirazuba bwa Yerusalemu naho Israel isigirwa uburengerazuba. Nyuma y’igihe gito, ibi bihugu byombi byiyometseho ibyo bice byari byahawe kugenzurwa maze mu 1950 Israel itangaza ko Yerusalemu ari umurwa mukuru wayo kandi udashobora gutandukanywa na Leta ya Israel.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rero niziramuka zishyize mu bikorwa muri iki cyumweru umugambi wazo wo kwemera Yerusalemu nk’Umurwa mukuru wa Israel, ngo hashobora kuvuka umwuka mubi w’ababyamagana mu banyapalestina ndetse no mu basilamu hirya no hino ku isi.
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Dennis Ns./Bwiza.com
