Abayobozi 9 batazibagirana mu mateka y’Isi

John Quincy Adams wabaye Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika yigeze kuvuga ati “Igihe ibikorwa byawe abandi babifatiraho urugero cyangwa bibafasha gutekereza kure no kwiga cyane, gukora ibirenze, icyo gihe uba uri umuyobozi. Kuba umuyobozi ni ugufasha rubanda, bakagira amatsiko, bakamenya uburenganzira bwabo, inzozi zabo ndetse n’uburenganzira bwo kugira inzozi.”

Si byabindi ngo umuyobozi ni umucunguzi, umuyobozi ntapfa, imbwirwaruhamwe zabo, ibikorwa byabo n’icyubahiro bagize bihoraho. Kugira ngo ubimenye neza, uzitegereze ingaruka ibyo basize bakoze byagize ku bantu, igihugu n’Isi.

Abayobozi batazibagirana:

9. Napoleon Bonaparte

Yabaye Umuyobozi w’u Bufaransa. Yazamutse mu butegetsi ubwo muri iki gihugu hari amakimbirane ashingiye ku bwami bwariho icyo gihe n’abifuzaga repubulika. Nyuma y’impinduramatwara yabaye mu Bufaransa, yaje kujya ku butegetsi. Igisirikare cye gito cyane cyari kigizwe n’abasirikare bake cyatsinze igisirikare kigizwe n’abasirikare benshi.

Mu gihe gito Napoleon yigaruriye umugabane w’Uburayi n’igice cya Amerika y’amajyaruguru. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, yabashije guhesha agaciro Ubufaransa, buba igihugu gikomeye.

Napoleon yagumye mu mitwe ya benshi ndetse ubuyobozi bwe bwagumye kwibukwa n’amamiliyoni y’abantu kuva yapfa mu 1821 ndetse n’uyu munsi amateka ye arigwa.

8. George Washington

Uyu azwiho kuba yarabaye umuyobozi w’ingabo za Continental Army mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara zabaye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika,n detse yabaye na perezida wa mbere wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.

Bwa mbere yabanje kuba umuyobozi w’ingabo mu gisirikare cy’abakoloni mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara. Ni we wagize uruhare mu kugira Amerika uko iri uyu munsi kuko yagiye atekereza ashyiraho uburyo izaba imeze mu myaka yari kuba igiye kuza.

Ibyo yakoze byatumye aba umunyacyubahiro ukomeye,arubahwa arakundwa, ntibyagarukira muri Amerika biba no ku Isi hose. Yashyizwe ku noti y’idorari rimwe leta zunze ubumwe z’amerika zikoresha.

7. Abraham Lincoln

Uyu ni umwe mu bayobozi bagaragaje uruhare rukomeye cyane kugira ngo Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zibe zimeze uko tuzibona mu kiswe “American Civil War” maze asinya amasezerano yatumye irangira. Abraham Lincoln azwiho kuba yarabashije gutuma abaturage badacikamo ibice.

6. Saladin

Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi wamenyekanye nka Saladin ni we mwami wabashije guhuza ubwami bwa Misiri na Siriya. Yashinze ingoma ya cyami yitwa Ayyubid.

Azwiho kuba yari umuyobozi w’abayisilamu mu ntambara yiswe Crusader. Ni intambara yahuje abakirisitu n’abayisilamu. Ubwo intambara ya Crusader yatangiraga ku butaka butagatifu bwa Yeruzalemu, yari umuyobozi.

Amateka avuga ko ingabo z’abayisilamu zaturutse mu bice bitandukanye bya Egiputa (Misiri y’ubu) na Siriya, zishaka kwigarurira ubu butaka. Zari ziyobowe n’umusirikare ukomeye udatinya guhangana witwa Salahuddin. Akaba yarafashize izi ngabo kwigarurira aka gace.

5. Che Guevara

Yabaye icyamamare ndetse n’icyitegererezo kuri benshi by’umwihariko muri Cuba, bitewe n’umutima yagaragaza mu kurwanya akarengane, atitaye ku gihugu cyangwa ubwoko bw’abantu arwanirira.

Amatwara ya gisirikare n’ibitekerezo bya Che Guevara biracyakurikizwa na benshi kandi yagumye mu mitima ya benshi.

Che Guevara yari yaracengewe n’amatwara y’umuhanga Karl Marx, wigishaga kureshya kw’abantu bose hatagendewe ku mashuri cyangwa imyanya ya politiki.

Mu kuboza 1953 ni bwo Che Guevara yageze mu gihugu cya Guatemala, cyayoborwaga na Jacobo Arbenz utaravugaga rumwe na Leta zune Ubumwe z’Amerika kubera ibitekerezo bye bya gikumonisiti (communiste).

Mu ngendo yakoraga hirya no hino ku Isi zatumye abona uko abantu bari babayeho nabi, bicwa n’inzara n’indwara, bugarijwe n’ubusumbane bakorerwaga n’ababaga babayoboye.

Ibi byatumye Che Guevara atangira kujya mu mitwe y’inyeshyamba kubera gushaka gufasha rubanda rwari rubayeho nabi. Ubwe yigeze kuvuga ko rubanda rugufi rukwiye gufashwa mu buryo bwose burimo ubukungu, kugira amarangamutima no mu mico yabo. Yivugiye ko ari indwanyi mu ntambara akaba malayika murinzi w’abakene ndetse ko azahora ahanganye n’abakire mu ntambara.

4. Alexander the Great

Yabaye umwami afite imyaka 20 ubwo se Philip yari amaze kwicwa, yaharaniye gukuraho ubujiji bwari bwiganje mu Isi.

Nyuma yo kwicwa kwa se, yatangiye umugambi wo kwigarurira Ubuperesi nk’uko se yabyifuzaga. Kwigarurira icyo gihugu ntabwo byari bihagije kuri we kuko yakomeje yerekeza mu bindi bice birimo Afuganisitani no muri Aziya rwagati.

Alexander yigaruriye henshi ndetse yitirirwa umujyi yari amaze kwigarurira. Uyu munsi benshi bamuvuga nk’uwabayeho ejo, kubera ibikorwa yasize ubwabyo byivugira.

3. Nelson Mandela

Yabaye Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo, aba umwirabura wa mbere wari uyoboye iki gihugu. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kurwanya akarengane kakorerwaga abirabura mu kizwi nka Apartheid.

Mandela yamaze imyaka 30 muri gereza. Icyo gihe cyose ntabwo cyatumye areka kurwanya akarengane kakorerwaga abirabura. Akiva muri gereza, yasohotse afite umuhate wo kubirwanya kurusha mbere. Yahise atorerwa kuyobora igihugu biciye mu nzira ya demukarasi.

Uyu mwanditsi w’igitabo ‘Long walk to Freedom’ yagaragaje amwe mu magambo ye ati “Sinzigera mva muri Afurika y’Epfo, cyangwa ngo manike amaboko. Guca mu bikomeye, kwitamba no kurwana ni byo bitanga ukwishyira ukizana. Kudacika intege ni bwo buzima bwanjye. Nzaguma kurwanira ukwishyira ukizana kugera mu minsi yanjye ya nyuma.”

2. Martin Luther King Jr.

Yari afite inzozi z’impinduka, inzozi z’uburinganire ndetse n’Isi itabamo irobanura rishingiye k’uruhu. Martin Luther King ni umwe mu bantu bakomeye baharaniye amahoro bakarwanya akarengane ndetse ahabwa igihembo cy’amahoro cya Nobel.

Mu mwaka w’1950 yayoboye impinduramatwara yari igamije guharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu kugera yishwe mu mwaka w’1968. Yamenyekanye cyane ku mbwirwaruhamwe yitwa “I Have a Dream”.

1. Mahatma Gandhi

Mu mbwirwaruhamwe ze zakunzwe yigeze kugira ati: “Ntuzigere unanirwa kwizera umuntu. Umuntu ni inyanja, iyo ibitonyanga by’inyanja byanduye, inyanja yose ntihita yandura.”

Gandhi yaranzwe n’umutima wa kimuntu no kugira urukundo. Yagize uruhare mu kurwanya abakoloni bari barigaruriye igihugu cy’ubuhinde, aho Abongereza bari barakigize nk’umurima wabo.

Yizeraga ko ukuri n’uburinganire byagerwaho hatabaye kumena amaraso. Yigeze kubwira Abahinde barwanyaga Abongereza ati “Ijisho rihorewe irindi, byarangira isi yose ibaye impumyi”. Ibi yabishingiraga ku kuba hari bamwe bifuzaga ko bakwitura inabi Abongereza babagiriraga.

Niyobuhungiro David