Mu gihe amaso y’isi yari ahanzwe ku mirwano ikaze hagati ya AFC/M23 n’ihuriro ry’ingabo za Leta ya Congo n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, hari indi nkuru yacaga mu nzira za dipolomasi itagaragara ku rugamba.
Ni inkuru ivuga ko hashobora kuba harabaye ubwumvikane butatangajwe hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi bwo kwirinda guhangana mu gihe AFC/M23 yageraga mu mujyi wa Uvira.
Aya makuru yagiye agarukwaho n’amasoko ya dipolomasi ndetse anasesengurwa n’abanyamakuru ba RFI, nubwo nta ruhande na rumwe rwigeze ruyemeza ku mugaragaro.
Ariko ibyakurikiyeho ku rugamba byatumye benshi bibaza niba koko hari impinduka zikomeye zabaye inyuma y’amarido.
Uvira: Umujyi uruta kure agaciro kawo ka gisirikare
Iyo bavuga Uvira, abantu benshi batekereza umujyi wa kabiri munini wo mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Nyamara ku Burundi, Uvira ni kimwe mu bice bifite akamaro gakomeye ku mutekano w’igihugu.
Uyu mujyi uri hafi cyane y’umupaka w’u Burundi, ku buryo ibikorwa byose bya gisirikare bihabera bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri Bujumbura. Ni kandi umuyoboro w’ubucuruzi, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ndetse n’inyungu nyinshi z’ubukungu.
Igihe AFC/M23 yatangiraga kwegera Uvira, benshi bari biteze ko ingabo z’u Burundi zari zoherejwe muri Congo zari kwinjira mu mirwano ikomeye kugira ngo zikumire uwo mutwe, ariko si ko byagenze.
Ahubwo habaye ibintu bamwe bafashe nk’ibidasanzwe: nta mirwano ikomeye yigeze iba hagati ya AFC/M23 n’ingabo z’u Burundi mu kurinda umujyi nyirizina, ndetse hari amakuru yavugaga ko bamwe mu basirikare b’Abarundi bagabanyije ibikorwa byabo cyangwa basubira inyuma.
Ibi ni byo byatumye havuka ibibazo byinshi.
Ese ni impinduka mu mubano wa Kigali na Gitega?
Mu myaka mike ishize, umubano w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi wari warageze ahakomeye.
Ibihugu byombi byagiye bishinjanya gushyigikira imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi bwabyo, imipaka irafungwa, amagambo y’ubushyamirane aba menshi.
Ariko kuva mu 2024 kugeza ubu, hatangiye kugaragara ibimenyetso by’ubwiyunge buhoro buhoro, nubwo bitigeze bihabwa umwanya munini mu itangazamakuru.
Abakuru b’inzego z’umutekano bagiye bagirana ibiganiro, intumwa za dipolomasi zitangira gusurana, ndetse n’imvugo zari zimaze imyaka zumvikana zigenda zigabanuka.
Ni muri uwo mwuka bamwe bashyira amakuru avuga ko hari ubwumvikane bwihariye bushobora kuba bwarabayeho ku kibazo cya Uvira.
Niba ayo makuru afite ishingiro, byaba bivuze ko Kigali na Gitega byahisemo gushyira imbere kwirinda intambara itaziguye hagati yabyo kuruta gukomeza guhangana binyuze mu makimbirane yo muri Congo.
Ndayishimiye yaba yarahinduye imibare?
Perezida Évariste Ndayishimiye yari umwe mu bayobozi bavugaga mu buryo bukomeye ku kibazo cya M23.
Ingabo z’u Burundi zinjiye muri Congo zifatanya na FARDC mu rwego rwo kurwanya uwo mutwe.
Ariko uko urugamba rwagendaga ruhindura isura, ibintu na byo byatangiye guhinduka.
Ku ruhande rwa Gitega, ikibazo cyabaye ukumenya niba gukomeza kohereza abasirikare benshi muri Congo byari bikiri mu nyungu z’u Burundi.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko hari igihe ibihugu bihitamo guhindura umurongo iyo bibonye ko ikiguzi cy’intambara kirenze inyungu byari biteze.
Niba koko hari ubwumvikane bwabayeho, bishobora gusobanura ko Ndayishimiye yahisemo gushyira imbere umutekano w’u Burundi aho gukomeza kwinjira mu rugamba rutagaragara iherezo.
Tshisekedi yaba ari gutakaza incuti?
Mu ntangiriro z’iyi ntambara, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yari yarubatse ihuriro rinini ry’abafatanyabikorwa.
Hari ingabo za FARDC, iza SAMIDRC, iza MONUSCO, Wazalendo, FDLR ndetse n’iz’u Burundi.
Ariko uko ibintu byagiye bihinduka ku rugamba, bamwe muri abo bafatanyabikorwa bagiye bagabanya uruhare rwabo cyangwa bahindura imyitwarire.
Niba amakuru y’ubwumvikane hagati ya Kigali na Gitega ari ukuri, nk’uko byaketswe n’abasesenguzi bamwe ndetse bikagarukwaho na RFI, byaba ari ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’uko Kinshasa itagifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza imyitwarire y’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bose.
Byanaba bivuze ko ibihugu byo mu karere bitangiye gushaka ibisubizo birengera inyungu zabyo mbere yo kureba iz’abandi.
Impamvu Kigali na Gitega byakwemera ubwumvikane
Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gusobanura impamvu ibihugu byombi byahitamo kugabanya ubushyamirane.
Icya mbere ni uko nta gihugu na kimwe cyifuza intambara itaziguye n’ikindi.
Icya kabiri ni uko ikibazo cya Congo kimaze imyaka myinshi kidashakira igisubizo ku rugamba gusa.
Icya gatatu ni uko u Rwanda n’u Burundi byombi bifite ibibazo by’ubukungu n’umutekano bisaba ituze aho kongera gufungura urundi rugamba.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwumvikane bwo kwirinda guhangana bushobora kuba bwarabonwe nk’inzira yoroshye kurusha gukomeza guterana amagambo.
Ibanga rizakomeza kuba ibanga?
Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko nta gihamya ifatika irashyirwa ahagaragara.
Nta masezerano yanditse aramenyekana, kandi nta muyobozi w’u Rwanda cyangwa w’u Burundi uratangaza ko ayo masezerano yabayeho.
Ariko mu bya dipolomasi, hari igihe ibikorwa bivuga byinshi kurusha amagambo.
Kuba Uvira yarafashwe na AFC/M23 ikagera hafi y’umupaka wa Gatumba nta nkomyi igaragara, kuba umwuka hagati y’u Rwanda n’u Burundi utagishyushye nka mbere, ndetse no kuba Perezida Ndayishimiye akomeje kugirana ibiganiro bya hafi na Tshisekedi muri iki gihe, byose bituma iki kibazo gikomeza kuba ingingo y’impaka.
Ese Uvira ni intangiriro y’igihe gishya?
Icyo amateka ashobora kuzerekana ni uko Uvira atari umujyi gusa wafashwe n’umutwe witwaje intwaro.
Ashobora kuzagaragara nk’ahantu hahinduriye icyerekezo cya dipolomasi y’akarere.
Niba koko Kigali na Gitega byaratangiye gushyira imbere ubwumvikane aho gushyira imbere amakimbirane, amateka ya Uvira ashobora kuzibukwa nk’ahantu hatangiriye impinduka nshya mu mubano w’ibihugu byombi.
Kugeza ubu, aya makuru aracyari mu rwego rw’amasoko ya dipolomasi n’isesengura ry’abanyamakuru. Ariko kimwe kiragaragara: muri politiki y’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, ibintu bikomeye cyane si byo buri gihe bitangarizwa mu nama z’abanyamakuru; hari n’ibihindura amateka bikorerwa inyuma y’imiryango ifunze.
