Mu mateka y’isi, imitwe y’inyeshyamba yakunze gufatwa nk’amatsinda yitwaje intwaro akorera hanze y’inzego za Leta, nyamara si yose yagiye ikora mu buryo bumwe.
Hari imwe yagiye izwiho akajagari, gusahura no kutagira umurongo, mu gihe indi yubatse izina rishingiye ku miyoborere ihamye, imyitozo ikomeye n’ubushobozi bwo kugenzura abarwanyi bayo.
Abasesenguzi ba gisirikare bavuga ko intsinzi y’umutwe w’inyeshyamba idashingiye gusa ku ntwaro cyangwa ku mubare w’abarwanyi, ahubwo ko ishingira cyane ku rwego rwa disipuline n’uburyo ubuyobozi bwawo bushobora kugenzura ibikorwa byawo.
Mu mitwe yakunze kuvugwa nk’iyagaragaje ubushobozi budasanzwe muri urwo rwego harimo ingabo za FPR, zari zizwi nka Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA), Viet Cong, Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF)n’indi mitwe yagiye ihindura amateka y’ibihugu byayo.
Disipulini ni iki ku mutwe w’inyeshyamba?
Mu rwego rwa gisirikare, disipulini ntabwo isobanura gusa kubaha amabwiriza.
Ni ubushobozi bwo gukomeza gukurikiza gahunda n’amategeko n’iyo abarwanyi bahanganye n’inzara, umunaniro cyangwa igitutu gikomeye cy’urugamba.
Iyo umutwe ufite disipuline, uba ushobora kugenzura abarwanyi bawo, gukumira ibikorwa byo gusahura abaturage, gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza y’ubuyobozi nta kajagari, gutegura ibikorwa bya gisirikare bifite intego zisobanutse no kugumana icyizere cy’abaturage binyuze mu kugendera ku murongo umwe.
Iki ni kimwe mu bintu byatumye imitwe imwe iva ku rwego rw’inyeshyamba ikavamo ingabo za Leta cyangwa ikaba ubutegetsi bwuzuye.
FPR/RPA: Kuva mu buhungiro kugeza ku guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi
Mu Rwanda, ingabo za FPR/RPA zagaragaye ku rugamba mu 1990 ziturutse muri Uganda.
Nubwo zari zihanganye n’ingabo za Leta zari zifite ibikoresho byinshi kuzirusha, zagiye zigaragaza ubushobozi bwo gukurikiza amabwiriza no gukora ibikorwa byateguwe neza.
Abasesenguzi benshi bagaragaza ko kimwe mu byafashije FPR kugera ku ntsinzi harimo ubuyobozi bukomeye bwari buyobowe na Paul Kagame nyuma y’urupfu rwa Fred Rwigyema, imyitozo ya gisirikare ikomeye, kugenzura abarwanyi mu buryo bwa hafi no gushyira imbere amakuru y’ubutasi kurusha gukoresha ingufu gusa.
Nyuma y’intsinzi ya gisirikare mu 1994, FPR yahise ihindura RPA ingabo za Leta, ibintu benshi bafata nk’ikimenyetso cy’imiterere ihamye yari isanganywe.
Viet Cong: Inyeshyamba zanesheje igihangange cya Amerika
Mu ntambara ya Vietnam, Viet Cong yahuye n’imbaraga za gisirikare za Amerika zari zifite ikoranabuhanga n’ubushobozi bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Nyamara, Viet Cong yashoboye kurwana imyaka myinshi kubera imiyoborere ihamye, gukorana bya hafi n’abaturage, kwihangana ku rugamba no gukoresha amayeri ya ‘guerrilla warfare’.
Nubwo yahuye n’ibihombo bikomeye, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukomeza ibikorwa bya gisirikare bwatumye iba imwe mu nyeshyamba zizwi cyane mu mateka y’isi.
EPLF: Umutwe wahindutse igihugu
Muri Eritrea, Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) yamaze imyaka irenga 30 irwana na Ethiopia.
Icyatumye ikundwa kuvugwa mu masomo ya gisirikare ni ubuyobozi bukomeye, gukoresha neza umutungo muke yari ifite, gutoza abarwanyi mu buryo bukomeye, kwigira ndetse no kwirwanaho idashingiye ku nkunga nyinshi yo hanze.
Nyuma y’intsinzi yayo, Eritrea yabonye ubwigenge mu 1993.
Kuki imitwe myinshi inanirwa?
Nubwo hari imitwe mike yagiye igera ku ntsinzi, myinshi yarasenyutse cyangwa inanirwa kugera ku ntego zayo.
Impamvu zikunze kuvugwa ni amacakubiri mu buyobozi, ruswa no kunyereza umutungo, kutubahiriza amabwiriza, gukorera ihohoterwa abaturage bikayiviramo gutakaza inkunga yabo, ndetse no kutagira icyerekezo cya politiki gisobanutse.
Mu bice byinshi bya Afurika no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, hari imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro yananiwe kubera izo mpamvu, nubwo yabaga ifite intwaro nyinshi.
Isomo amateka atanga
Iyo harebwe amateka y’intambara zitandukanye, hagaragara ko umutwe w’inyeshyamba ushobora kutagira ibikoresho byinshi, ariko ukagira amahirwe yo gutsinda uramutse ufite disipuline, ubuyobozi bukomeye n’icyerekezo gisobanutse.
Ni yo mpamvu amazina nka RPA, Viet Cong cyangwa EPLF akomeje kwigishwa mu masomo ya gisirikare no mu bushakashatsi ku ntambara z’inyeshyamba ku isi.
Si uko zidashinjwa ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe, ahubwo ni uko zagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kubaka imitwe ifite umurongo uhamye mu bihe by’intambara, ibintu byananiranye ku yindi myinshi yasize amateka y’akajagari kurusha ay’intsinzi.
Mu mateka y’intambara, intwaro zonyine ntizitsinda urugamba; akenshi, disipuline ni yo iba intwaro ya mbere.
