Nyuma y’aho ibihugu byinshi byo muri Amerika, Aziya n’u Bulayi bitakiye ko byugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’ubukene gitera ibi bihugu kuzamura umubare w’abashomeri, ubu abantu benshi bakomeje kwibaza ibihugu bifite iki kibazo cy’ubushomeri bya mbere ibyo aribyo. Ni nyuma y’aho igihugu cy’u Bushinwa gitangaje mu cyumweru gishize ko abakozi miliyoni 1 n’ibihumbi 800 bagiye kwirukanwa mu kazi kubera ibibazo by’ubukene. Dore urutonde rw’ibihugu byugarijwe n’ubushomeri kurusha ibindi nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibigo bitandukanye by’ubushakashatsi mu by’ubukungu ndetse n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga.
Imibare iherutse gutangazwa ku bijyanye n’ubukungu mu gihugu cy’u Bushinwa irerekana ko ubukungu bw’u Bushinwa muri iyi minsi bwagabanutse cyane ugereranije no mu minsi yatambutse aho umuvuduko wari hejuru cyane.
Abakozi bagera kuri miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi 800 bakoraga mu nganda z’ibyuma ni ukuvuga 15 % by’abakora muri icyo gice bagiye kwirukanwa nk’uko bitangazwa n’ibiro ntaramakuru by’abongereza Reuters.
Ibi ngo biri gukorwa muri gahunda yo kugabanya umubare w’ikirenga w’abakozi bakora muri izi nganda nyamara ibyo binjiza bigakomeza kuba bike.
Ibice bibangamiwe cyane mu Bushinwa n’ahandi ku isi n’inganda zicura zikanatunganya ibikomoka ku byuma
Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’umurimo BIT / ILO uvuga ko mu Bushinwa hashyizweho gahunda yo kongera umubare w’abakozi hahangwa akazi gashya bityo ikigereranyo cy’ubushomeri kikaza kuri 4,7 % kikazamuka.
Muri uyu mwaka igihugu cy’u Bushinwa cyabaruraga abakozi hafi miliyoni 2. Iki gihugu cy’igihangange cyo muri Aziya ntikizongera kubarwa mu bihugu bifite ikibazo cy’ubushomeri bukaze dore ko kuri ubu kibarurirwamo abakozi miliyoni 806 ari nabo benshi kusi hagakurikiraho Ubuhindi nk’uko tubikesha Banki y’isi ( World Bank).
Nyamara ariko n’ubwo u Bushinwa buri mu bihugu bifite umubare munini w’abashomeri sibwo bwa mbere kuri buri munsi ya 25 ku ijana ku ngano y’ubushomeri ku isi nk’uko ILO ibivuga.
Dore urutonde rw’ibihugu 10 bifite ubushomeri kurusha ibindi ku isi.
- Mauritania 31.0
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 27.9
- Macedonia 27.9
- Ubugiriki 26.3
- Lesotho 26.2
- Sisjordanie 26.2
- Afrika y’epfo 25.1
- Ubusuwisi 24.7
- Swaziland 22.3
- Serbia 22.2
Urugero rw’ubushomeri rutangwa kw’ijanisha (%) mu mwaka w’2014. Bitangwa na ILO
Ibihugu byo muri Afrika cyane cyane mu majyepfo no mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika hamwe n’ibihugu byo mu karere ka Mediterrannee i Burayi nibyo biri imbere, hakurikijwe imibare itangwa na ILO na Banki y’isi mu 2014
Mauritania igaragaramo ubushomeri butagabanuka, ku rugero rwa 30%, bikaba bimaze imyaka n’iyindi, mu 2004 urwo rugero rukaba rwarazamutse cyane rugera kuri 32%
Abahanga bavuga ko ibi biterwa n’imanuka ry’ubukungu rwatewe n’amapfa mu 2012. Ibi ngo byatumye ubukungu bugabanuka bituma urubyiruko rubura akazi. Ngo icya kabiri cy’abagabo bakiri bato bangana na 70 % by’abaturage ba Mauritaniya hamwe na 70% by’abagore muri Mauritaniya barangije amashuri ariko babuze akazi.
Ikigo cy’imiyoborere myiza muri Afurika (GGA : Good Governance Afrika) gitangaza ko Afurika y’epfo n’ibihugu biyikikije nka Lesotho na Swaziland byose byugarijwe n’ikibazo cy’umubare munini w’abashomeri. Ubu bushomeri bukaba bwibasiye cyane urubyiruko kurusha abakuru.
Muri iki gihugu hejuru ya ½ cy’abaturage bose ni ukuvuga abaturage bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 24 ari abashomeri. Ni ukuvuga 52,6%. Iki gihugu kikaba aricyo kiza ku mwanya wa mbere muri Afurika.
Ikinyamakuru Forbes cyandika ku bukungu kivuga ko irangira rya politiki ya gashabuhake yatumye iki gihugu kidatez imbere imyuga bituma hirya no hino bahura n’ikibazo cy’ubushomeri ndetse n’umubare wa ba rwiyemezamirimo uragabanuka.
U Bulayi nabwo ntibworohewe
Ikibazo cy’ubukungu cyagaragaye mu 2007 cyongereye ubushomeri ku isi nk’uko ikigo ILO kibivuga. Imibare y’abashomeri yavuye kuri miliyoni 178 mu 2007 igera kuri miliyoni 212 mu 2009.
Iki kibazo kikaba cyarateje ibibazo bikomeye ifaranga rya Euro rikoreshwa ku mugabane w’I Bulayi kuko byatumye iri faranga ritakaza agaciro karyo.
Ibihugu byibasiwe cyane ni Ubugiriki na Espagne. Ibi bihugu ngo byazamuye umubare w’abashomeri kurusha ibindi ku isi.
Umushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’ubukungu Mike Patton aherutse kwandika mu kinyamakuru Forbes avuga ko ubukungu ku isi atari ibanga kuko bwatangiye kumanuka mu 2008.
Ubushomeri mu rubyiruko kugeza ubu buhagaze kuri 49,5 % hejuru ya Espagne.
Abahanga bavuga ko ubushomeri buri hejuru bushobora guterwa na leta ziba zikiri nshya cyangwa ibihugu biheruka kubona ubwigenge cyangwa bivuye mu makimbirane ya politiki. Ngo muri ibi bihugu politiki z’ubukungu zaramanutse ndetse n’umubare munini w’abaturage urahunga.
Muri Bosnie na Herzegovine, bivugwa ko iki ikibazo cyatewe n’intambara yarangiye mu 1995. Urugero rw’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko ruri hejuru kurusha ibindi bihugu ku isi, Nanone kandi iki gihugu cyazahajwe cyane n’ubushomeri ari nabyo bituma iki gihugu kidatera imbere.
Macedonia ku rundi ruhande, yahoze ari igihugu kirimo ubushomeri bwinshi kikiri Yugoslavia. Ubushomeri bwagumye kuba hejuru imyaka myinshi naho ubukungu bwiyongereye cyane, bikagaragara ko ikibazo ari uburyo ibintu byateganyijwe.
Hakurikijwe ibitangwa n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe umurimo, ubushomeri bujyanye n’umubare w’abantu bashoboye gukora batagira akazi ariko bagashaka ariko bakakabura.
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Alphonse Munyankindi / Bwiza.com
