Mu rubanza rwa Claude Muhayimana rubera mu rukiko rwa rubanda I Paris mu Bufaransa, hongeye kugaragara ibibazo bishingiye ku guhindura mu ndimi z’ikinyarwanda n’igifaransa; nk’uko byanagaragaye mu rwa Neretse Fabien mu 2019. Haba mu rukiko imbere, haba mu gusemura ibyavuye mu iperereza; hari bamwe mu batangabuhamya bavugirwa ibyo batavuze.
Kinyarwanda: “Njye nari mfunze we aba hanze”
Francais:”J’étais en prison, lui vivait à l’étranger”
Francais: “Est-ce que tu te cachais”?
Kinyarwanda: “None wariyenyegeje”?
Umutangabuhamya ati, “Ibyo muvuga ko navuze mwabikuye he? Nababwiye ibyo nzi mwe mwiyandikira ibyo mushaka”?
“Traduire c’est trahir”, gusemura ni ugutaatira, ariko iyo bibereye mu rukiko byaba no gutandukira bikayobya urubanza. Mu minsi icumi uru rubanza rumaze, bamwe mu batangabuhamya bavuga ko ibyo bavuze kera bitasemuwe neza, maze Me Meilhac wunganira Claude Muhayimana akagira ati “Ubwo ni ikibazo cya retranscription”, kwandukura ibyavuzwe.
Mu basemuzi batatu bagenda basimburana nyuma y’iminota igenwe, si ko bose banganya ubumenyi mu Kinyarwanda no ku Rwanda.
Umunyamakuru Hakorimana Gratien ukurikirana uru rubanza agira ati, “Bose ntibanganya ubumenyi nko ku mazina y’ikinyarwanda. Nk’iyo umuzungu arivuze nabi, umusemuzi ntabasha kugenekereza ngo yumve iryo ari ryo abwire umutangabuhamya. Yemwe n’amaze iminsi avugwa usanga batarayamenya neza”.
Ku kigendanye n’indimi nyir’izina, naho abasemuzi hari aho bahindura ubutumwa. Hakorimana ati, “Mu rukiko biraba, umutangabuhamya akavuga ibintu ugasanga abo muri salle babyumvise neza ariko umusemuzi akavuga ibinyuranye. Hari uwavuze ngo runaka bari bafunganye yari hanze, ariko usemura ati yari mu mahanga; kandi hanze yavugaga ari ukuba yararekuwe atagifunzwe (hanze ya gereza).
Akomeza agira ati, “Ubusemuzi ni ikibazo gikomeye hano, kandi iyo bukozwe nabo ubuhamya butakaza igisobanuro. Hari ibibazo ubazwa atumva uko bikwiye, bityo n’ibisubizo atanga ntibyumvikane neza”. Uyu munyamakuru asanga abari I Paris barushwa n’uri i Kigali usemura ku yakure.
Kwivuguruza kw’abatangabuhamya byitirirwa isemura
Hari aho umucamanza abaza umutangabuhamya ati, “Mbere wavuze ko Muhayimana yagiye mu gitero muri stade Gatwaro afite ubuhiri, ko mu gitero cya Karongi yari afite akanyundo k’amenyo, kandi ko yashyiraga mu bikorwa amabwiriza nkamwe mwese. Ese wabiduhaho ibisobanuro”?
Umutangabuhamya ati, “Icyo cya nyuma navuga ko yadusumbaga yabaga ari kumwe n’abashefu bayoboraga ibitero”.
Uyu mutangabuhamya mbere abazwa na juge d’instruction (uwakoze iperereza) yavuze ko Muhayimana yahatiwe gutwara abantu mu gitero, ntiyamushinja ko yagiye mu gitero i Nyamishaba, ndetse no gukubita umusore ubuhiri muri stade Gatwaro ndetse no kuri TV yasahuye. Arangije icyo gihe bamubajije ko yaba yivuguruje asubiza ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo avugishe ukuri ibyo yavuze mbere byari ibinyoma.
Mu rukiko hari hategerejwe ko avuga niba ibyo nabyo ari ibinyoma yavuze, nibura ukuri kukaba uko mu rukiko. Nyamara nabyo yahise abyigarika, maze ati. “Ibyo birantangaje, ibyo musomye nabivugiye he”?
Umucamanza ati, “Ubu se turamenya ari ryari uvugisha ukuri? Ufite ubwoba ko umuryango we ukwica?”
Umutangabuhamya ati, “None se nari kwanga ko batubariza rimwe kandi ibyo mwasomye bigaragaza ko namushinjuye? Ibyo banditse sinigeze mbivuga”.
Umucamanza ati, “Ko hari ahantu bakubajije ibibazo bibiri ukabisubiza mu buryo bunyuranye ukavuga ngo bakumvise nabi cyangwa wibeshye, ugira ikibazo cyo gusobanura ngo abantu bakumve neza”?
Noneho umutangabuhamya ati, “Njye nsobanura neza ibintu mukandika ibyo mushaka kumva. Ikibazo kuki mubaza umuntu ntimumuhe copy y’ibyo mwanditse ngo mbanze mbisome”?
Aha naho abunganira uregwa bagira bati, “ Uba uri kumwe n’umusemuzi ubwo ni ikibazo cy’uko babyandukura mu rundi rurimi (problème de retranscription).
No mu rubanza rwa Neretse iki kibazo cyari ingorabahizi
Muri uru rubanza rwabereye I Buruseli mu Bubiligi mu mpera za 2019, nabwo isemura ryateje impaka hagati y’abacamanza, abunganira uregwa, bamwe mu batangabuhamya n’abaregera indishyi.
Ikibazo cyavutse ubwo umwe mu batangabuhamya wigishaga kuri ACEDI Mataba yatangaga ubuhamya ariko inyito zimwe na zimwe ntizisobanurwe ngo zitange inyito mu gifaransa nk’iyo zifite mu Kinyarwanda; uko uwazikoreshaga yashakaga kubivuga mu gihe cya Jenoside.
Amagambo nko gukora, ubudahangarwa, kuvuga rikijyana,… Aya magambo yose iyo uyahinduye mu gifaransa atanga inyito itandukanye n’iyo afite mu Kinyarwanda cyane cyane mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994. Hari aho byageze umucamanza azamura ijwi ati “Uri avocat nturi umusemuzi”, abwira abari buririye ku buryo amagambo asemurwa bagashaka kuyaha inyito bashaka.
Uyu mutangabuhamya byatumye bamubaza ibibazo bashingiye ku buhamya yatanze muri 2009, maze avuga ko hari ibyo bashobora kuba baranditse uko atabivuze. Ati “Baribeshye mu kwandika”.
Amagambo akunda gutera urujijo abasemuzi
Ibi bibazo mu manza mpuzamahanga kuri Jenoside bikunze kugaruka, aho usanga mu Kinyarwanda amagambo yagiye akoreshwa kuyahindura mu ndimi z’amahanga, ahindura icyo uwayavugaga yashakaga kuvuga.
Kuvuga rikijyana: Abaregeraga indishyi bagarutse ku ijambo ry’uko Neretse yavugaga rikijyana (entendu et écouté).
Gukuraho ibihuru: Hari aho Perefe wa Ruhengeli, yasabaga abatuye i Mataba ko bakuraho ibihuru kugira ngo indege niza gufotora bitazagaragara nabi. Yavugaga gusenya amazu y’abatutsi bishwe ngo indege y’umuryango w’abibumbye itazafotora amatongo.
Andi atarasemuwe neza ni: Gukora(Travailler), Ubudahangarwa (Huminité),… . Umutangabuhamya ati “Ibyo avocat avuga sibyo navuze, bamwibonagamo, akavuga bakamwumva, ku buryo batahakana icyo ababwiye”.
Mu nama iherutse kubera I Kigali mu matariki ya 17 na 18 Ugushyingo yavugaga kuri izi manza, umushinjacyaha w’umubiligi Dr Damien Vandermeersch yasobanuye ko nta huti huti iba mu gusemura ubuhamya. Ati, “ Ibyo umutangabuhamya asubiza bibikwa mu majwi, noneho tukabishyira mu nyandiko twitonze, nta huti huti dukorana”.
Uyu Vandermeersch ni na we wakoze ikusanyamakuru n’iperereza ku byaha Neretse yakurikiranwagaho.
Karegeya Jean Baptiste Omar
