Mu myaka icumi ishize hagaragaye ibikorwa byinshi by’iterabwoba bitabayeho mu myaka mirongo itanu ishize. Igitero cyahitanye abantu benshi mu 2021 cyabaye igihe umwiyahuzi wa Leta ya Kisilamu (IS) yaturikirizaga ibisasu bibiri ku Kibuga cy’Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Kabul muri Afghanistan, agahitana abantu 170 abandi barenga 200 bagakomereka.
Imitwe y’iterabwoba yahitanye abantu benshi mu 2021 ni Leta ya Kisilamu (IS), Al-Shabaab, Abatalibani na Jamaat Nusrat Al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM). Iyi mitwe ine niyo yagize uruhare mu mpfu 3,364, binyuze mu bitero by’iterabwoba, bingana na 47 ku ijana by’abantu bishwe mu 2021. Izindi mpfu 2775 zatewe n’iterabwoba nta mutwe uwo ari wo wose zitiriwe. Imitwe itatu muri iyo mitwe ine niyo yahitanye abantu benshi mu mwaka ushize, JNIM yinjira ku rutonde isimbura Boko Haram uyu mwaka.
Dore imitwe ine yigaragaje kurusha iyindi mu bugizi wa nabi mu 2021 nk’uko tubikesha urubuga visionofhumanity.org.
Islamic State n’imitwe iyishamikiyeho ni wo mutwe wahitanye abantu benshi mu 2021
Leta ya Kisilamu (IS) n’imitwe iyishamikiyeho nka Leta ya Kisilamu – Intara ya Khorasan (ISK), Leta ya Kiyisilamu – Intara ya Sinayi (IS-SP) na Leta ya Kisilamu mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika (ISWA) niyo yakoze ibitero byinshi inica abantu benshi mu bitero by’iterabwoba mu 2021.
Impfu za IS zihagarariye 29 ku ijana by’abantu bapfuye bazize iterabwoba ku Isi hose mu 2021. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibitero bya IS byagabanutse kuva kuri 837 muri 2020 bigera kuri 794 muri 2021, igabanuka rya gatanu ku ijana. IS yagabye ibitero mu bihugu 21 mu 2021 ugereranije no mu bihugu 30 muri 2020.
Mu 2021, ibitero bya IS byagaragaye mu turere twose two ku Isi usibye muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, mu Burusiya na Aziya yegereye u Burayi. Igitero cyahitanye abantu benshi mu 2021 cyabaye igihe umwiyahuzi wa Leta ya Kisilamu (IS) yaturikirizaga ibisasu bibiri ku Kibuga cy’Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Kabul muri Afghanistan, bigatuma hapfa abantu 170 abandi barenga 200 bagakomereka.
Taliban
Kuvana ingabo za Amerika muri Afghastan byemeranyijwe mu masezerano y’amahoro yo mu 2020 hagati ya Amerika na Afghastan byabaye uburyo bwiza ku Batalibani bwo kongera kwigarurira iki gihugu nyuma y’imyaka 20 iyobowe na Amerikan’inshuti zayo.
Abatalibani ni bo bagize uruhare mu mpfu 376 mu 2021, izi zikaba zaragabanutseho 32% kuva mu 2020 kandi ni wo mubare muto w’abapfuye kuva mu 2016. Habayeho kugabanuka gake mu bitero by’iterabwoba by’abatalibani, aho byagabanutse kuva kuri 242 muri 2020 bigera kuri 232 muri 2021. Ibitero byabaye bike mu 2021, aho ugereranyije hapfuye abantu 1.6 kuri buri gitero, ugereranije na 2.4 muri 2020. Mu bitero 232 byitiriwe Abatalibani mu 2021, 56% ntabwo byahitanye abantu mu gihe ibitero bitatu gusa byaguyemo abantu 10.
Al Shabaab
Umutwe wa Al-Shabaab ukorera muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, wagaragaye bwa mbere mu ntambara yo kurwanirira umurwa mukuru wa Somalia mu mpeshyi ya 2006. Nk’ishami rya Al Qaeda rifite icyicaro muri Somalia na Kenya, Al-Shabaab iharanira gushinga leta ya kisilamu muri Somalia.
Mu 2021, impfu zikomoka ku iterabwoba ztiriwe Al-Shabaab zakomeje kugabanuka, zigabanukaho 17 ku ijana ugereranyije n’umwaka wabanje. Mu bantu 571 bapfuye bazize Al-Shabaab mu 2021, 93 ku ijana byabereye muri Somalia, ugereranije na batandatu ku ijana muri Kenya. Umubare w’iterabwoba wagabanutseho ibitero 56 ugera ku bitero 303 kuva mu 2020 kugeza 2021. Ibice birenga 51 ku ijana by’ibitero byo mu 2021 byahitanye nibura umuntu umwe. Ibi bigaragaza igabanuka cyane kuva mu 2020, aho 81 ku ijana by’ibitero byahitanye nibura umuntu umwe.
Al-Jamaat Nusrat
Nusrat al-Islam, izwi na none ku izina rya Jama’a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin ‘ni umutwe w’abarwanyi ba jihadiste wo muri Maghreb na Afurika y’iburengerazuba washinzwe binyuze mu guhuza imitwe ya Ansar Dine, Macina Liberation Front , Al-Mourabitoun n’ishami rya al-Qaeda mu bihugu by’Abarabu muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru (Maghreb).
Kuva yatangira muri 2017, JNIM yagukiye muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba ariko ikora ibikorwa byo guhohotera abaturage, itera inzego z’umutekano zaho ndetse n’ibikorwa byo kurwanya abasirikare mpuzamahanga bashinzwe kubungabunga amahoro.
Jamaat Nusrat Al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM) n’umutwe w’iterabwoba urimo gukura cyane kandi ni wo nyirabayazana w’impfu 351 mu 2021, ubwiyongere bwa 69%. Mu mitwe ine y’iterabwoba yahitanye abantu benshi mu 2021 gusa JNIM ni yo yonyine yongereye urwego rw’ibikorwa by’iterabwoba mu mwaka wabanje.
