Mu myaka 30 ishize, u Rwanda rwabaye kimwe mu bihugu bikunze kuvugwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, abashoramari n’abasesenguzi nk’urugero rw’igihugu cyihuse mu kwiyubaka no guteza imbere ubukungu.
Imibare ishingiye ku isesengura rya Banki y’Isi (World Bank), Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) irivugira.
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara byagiye bizamuka ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 3% na 4%, u Rwanda rwamaze imyaka myinshi ruri ku mpuzandengo ya 7% kugeza kuri 8% by’izamuka ry’ubukungu buri mwaka ,nubwo hari ibihe bwahungabanyijwe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19.
Mu 2024 rwageze hafi kuri 8.9%, ibintu byatumye rukomeza kugaragara mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bwihuta gukura ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Ariko hari ikibazo gikomeza kwibazwa: Ni gute igihugu kigikurikiranwa nk’ikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere gishobora kuba icyitegererezo cy’iterambere? Ese ni iki u Rwanda rwakoze gitandukanya inzira yarwo n’iy’ibindi bihugu?
Iterambere ritatangiriye ku mutungo kamere
Bitandukanye n’ibihugu byinshi byubakiye ubukungu ku mavuta, gaze cyangwa amabuye y’agaciro, u Rwanda rwari rufite umutungo kamere muke cyane nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
U Rwanda rwahisemo inkingi eshatu zikomeje kurufasha gutera intambwe arizo, umutekano, imiyoborere, n’iterambere rishingiye ku baturage.
Iyo nzira yatumye ibikorwa byinshi bishoboka mbere y’uko igihugu kigira umutungo munini.
Gushyira imbere gahunda z’igihe kirekire
Kimwe mu byagarutsweho kenshi ni uko u Rwanda rwubatse gahunda z’iterambere z’igihe kirekire aho kwishingikiriza ku byemezo bihindagurika buri mwaka.
Icyerekezo 2020 cyakurikiwe na Vision 2050 cyatanze umurongo ku nzego zose za Leta n’abikorera. Ibi byatumye imishinga myinshi yubakwa ifite intego irenze manda za politiki.
Kubaka Leta ikora neza
Banki y’Isi, IMF n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga yakunze kugaragaza ko u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu byoroshye gukoreramo ubucuruzi muri Afurika.
Mu byafashije harimo serivisi nyinshi zimukiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya Internet, kurwanya ruswa, kwihutisha itangwa rya serivisi, no korohereza ishoramari.
Abashoramari benshi bavuga ko igihe gikoreshwa mu gutangiza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi cyagabanutse cyane ugereranyije n’ibihugu byinshi byo mu karere.
Ikoranabuhanga nk’inkingi y’iterambere
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byari bikibanda ku buhinzi gusa, u Rwanda rwatangiye gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga.
Uyu munsi serivisi za Leta zitangwa kuri internet, ikoreshwa rya telefoni mu kwishyura riragenda ryiyongera, drones zikoreshwa mu kugeza amaraso n’imiti kwa muganga, na internet ya fiber optic yagejejwe mu bice byinshi by’igihugu.
Intego ikaba ari uguhindura igihugu ikigo cya serivisi n’ikoranabuhanga mu karere.
Isuku n’umutekano byabaye ikirango
Abasuye Kigali bakunze kuvuga ku isuku, imihanda ndetse n’umutekano.
Umuganda, amategeko arwanya imyanda n’imikoreshereze ya pulasitiki byatanze isura itandukanye n’iy’indi mijyi myinshi yo muri Afurika.
Abashoramari bavuga ko umutekano ari kimwe mu bintu byongera icyizere cyo gushora imari.
Uburinganire bw’abagore
U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bifite umubare munini w’abagore mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ku isi. Ibi byafashwe nk’ikimenyetso cyo gushyira abagore mu miyoborere no mu ifatwa ry’ibyemezo.
Mu nzego z’ubuzima, uburezi n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze, uruhare rw’abagore rwakomeje kwiyongera.
Ubuzima n’ubwishingizi
Ubwisungane mu kwivuza (Mutuelle de Santé) bwafashije abaturage benshi kubona ubuvuzi.
Nubwo gahunda igihura n’imbogamizi zirimo ubushobozi bwo kuyitera inkunga no kongera serivisi zihagije, yagiye ishimwa nk’urugero rw’uburyo igihugu gifasha abaturage benshi kubona ubuvuzi.
Uburezi n’ishoramari mu rubyiruko
Leta yashoye imari mu mashuri, imyuga n’ikoranabuhanga.
Hari gahunda zigamije guteza imbere STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), nubwo ikibazo cy’ubushomeri mu rubyiruko kigikomeje kuba imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye.
Ese byose biragenda neza?
Nubwo isura y’iterambere ishimwa, hari n’ibibazo bikomeje kugarukwaho.
Imiryango mpuzamahanga, abashakashatsi n’abasesenguzi k’ubukungu bagaragaza ko hari aho hakenewe kongera imbaraga.
Twavuga kugabanya ubushomeri cyane cyane mu rubyiruko, kongera umusaruro w’inganda, kugabanya icyuho hagati y’icyaro n’umujyi, kugabanya ubukene bukigaragara mu bice bimwe na bimwe, kongera umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze, ndetse kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku nkunga n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa hanze.
Leta y’u Rwanda kandi yakomeje gushyira imbere umutekano, ituze n’iterambere kugira ngo igihugu cyiyubake nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Gusa imiryango imwe n’imwe iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yemera uko u Rwanda rwabaye umunyeshuri mwiza ariko ntibura kunenga ko ngo leta idatanga ukwisanzura buhagije muri politiki n’itangazamakuru.
Iyi ni imwe mu ngingo zikomeje kugibwaho impaka mu isesengura ry’inzira y’iterambere ry’u Rwanda ndetse rukaba rukomeje umurongo rwahisemo mu gukura abaturage mu bucyene.
Kuki amahanga ahora arureba?
Mu nama mpuzamahanga z’ubukungu, u Rwanda rukunze kuvugwa nk’urugero rw’igihugu cyashoboye kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibihe bikomeye.
Nubwo ubukungu bwarwo bukiri buto ugereranyije n’ubw’ibihugu bikize, uburyo bwahisemo gutegura gahunda z’igihe kirekire, gushora imari mu baturage, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga no kunoza imiyoborere ni byo bituma rukomeza gukurura amaso y’abashakashatsi n’abashoramari.
Isesengura
Inkuru y’u Rwanda igaragaza ko iterambere ridapimirwa gusa ku kuba igihugu gikize cyangwa kiri mu cyiciro cy’ibihugu byateye imbere.
Rishobora no gushingira ku muvuduko w’impinduka, ku mikorere y’inzego za Leta, ku bushobozi bwo gukurura ishoramari no ku rwego serivisi zigera ku baturage.
Ariko kandi, urugendo ntirurarangira. Kugera ku ntego zo kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi n’umusaruro mwinshi bizasaba gukomeza guhanga imirimo, kongera umusaruro w’inganda, guteza imbere ibyoherezwa hanze no gukemura ibibazo by’ubusumbane n’ubushomeri.
Mu yandi magambo, u Rwanda rwabaye ikitegererezo atari uko rwamaze kugera ku iterambere rirambye nk’ibihugu bikize, ahubwo ni uko rukunze kuvugwa nk’urugero rw’igihugu cyihutishije impinduka mu miyoborere, mu bukungu no mu gutanga serivisi. Ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye ni uko rwakomeza iyo muvuduko mu gihe ruhangana n’imbogamizi z’ubukungu, imibereho y’abaturage n’impinduka z’ubukungu bw’isi.
