Mu gihe bikomeje kugaragara ko umutwe wa FDLR ugizwe n’abasize bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ari umwe mu nkomoko z’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni icy’impamvu uyu mutwe umaze imyaka irenga 25 utarandurwa burundu.
N’ubwo ibitero bya gisirikare, imyanzuro ya Loni n’igitutu cya dipolomasi bikomeje kuwugarukaho, FDLR ikomeje kubaho, bigashyira mu kibazo uburyo bwo guhangana na yo.
Inkomoko ya FDLR n’uruhare rwayo mu mutekano w’akarere
FDLR nk’uko twabigarutseho haruguru, ni umutwe ukomoka ku basize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, by’umwihariko abahoze mu ngabo za ex-FAR n’Interahamwe bahungiye muri Congo.
Kuva icyo gihe, uyu mutwe wahindutse ikibazo kirenze imbibi z’igihugu kimwe, kigira ingaruka ku karere kose.
N’ubwo hari ibivugwa ko uyu mutwe utakiri ufite imbaraga nk’izo wari ufite mbere, kuba ukiriho byerekana ko ikibazo cyawo atari icya gisirikare gusa, ahubwo ari icy’akarere n’icy’inyungu za politiki n’ubukungu.
Uburyo FDLR ikoresha bw’intambara ya ‘guérilla’
Impamvu ikomeye ituma FDLR idashobora kurandurwa, vuba ni uburyo ikoresha bw’intambara ya guérilla cyangwa iya kinyeshyamba.
Guérilla kuri FDLR irangwa no ugabanyuka mu matsinda mato, kwihisha mu mashyamba ya Kivu, kwivanga n’abaturage no kwimuka vuba nyuma y’ibitero.
Ibi bituma ibitero bya gisirikare bidashobora kuyisenya burundu, kuko abarwanyi bayo bashobora gutatana bakongera guhuriza hamwe ahandi.
Intege nke z’ingabo za Congo
Ingabo za Congo zizwi nka FARDC, zagaragaje intege nke mu guhangana n’imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro ikorera ku butaka bwa kiriya gihugu icya rimwe, irimo M23, ADF, CODECO n’indi irenga 200.
Kuba leta ya Kinshasa yibanda cyane ku mutwe umwe cyangwa indi nyinshi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kurandura FDLR burundu.
Ingorane za dipolomasi n’ibirego byo gufashanya
Hari ibirego n’ibikekwa ko FDLR ishobora kuba ikoresha nk’igikoresho mu mikino ya dipolomasi hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali. U Rwanda rushinja Congo gufatanya n’uyu mutwe, mu gihe Congo ihakana ibyo birego.
Uyu mwuka w’ukutizerana utuma ikibazo cya FDLR kirushaho kuba ingorabahizi, kuko hari igihe umutwe nk’uyu ushobora gufatwa nk’igikoresho cy’inyungu za politiki aho gufatwa nk’umwanzi usanzwe.
FDLR nk’ikibazo kirenze igisirikare
FDLR si ikibazo cya gisirikare gusa, ahubwo ni ikibazo gikomatanyije amateka, ubutabera, impunzi n’isanamitima.
Hari abahoze muri uriya mutwe, abagore n’abana babana na wo, ndetse n’abaturage babana n’uyu mutwe mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
Ni yo mpamvu imiryango mpuzamahanga nka MONUSCO ikoresha uburyo bwo gusubiza abarwanyi mu buzima busanzwe (DDR), aho kuba uburyo bwa gisirikare bwonyine.
Ubukungu bw’intambara
Mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, intambara ifite ishingiro ry’ubukungu. FDLR ikomeza kubaho kubera amabuye y’agaciro, ubucuruzi butemewe, imisoro y’akajagari no kugenzura inzira z’ubucuruzi.
Aho ubuyobozi bwa leta budakomeye, umutwe nk’uyu ushobora kubona uburyo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga no gukomeza ibikorwa byawo.
FDLR mu rwego rwa dipolomasi mpuzamahanga
Nubwo hakomeje ibiganiro, FDLR ikiri ku murongo w’ibiganiro bya dipolomasi. Raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko hari ingamba zo kuyisenya, ariko kugeza ubu nta gihamya cy’uko yacitse burundu.
Muri make, isesengura rigaragaza ko FDLR idakomeza kubaho kubera imbaraga zayo gusa, ahubwo kubera intege nke za Leta ya Congo, akajagari ka politiki n’umutekano mu karere n’inyungu z’ubukungu zishingiye ku ntambara.
Gusenya FDLR burundu bisaba igisubizo gihuriweho kigizwe no gukuraho inyungu z’ubukungu zishingiye ku ntambara, kongera ububasha bwa leta mu bice by’ishyamba, gushimangira amasezerano ya dipolomasi hagati y’ibihugu no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda zo gusubiza abarwanyi mu buzima busanzwe.
Igihe ibyo bitarakorwa, FDLR ishobora gucika intege, igahindura isura, ariko ntishobora kurandurwa burundu. Kandi ni yo mpamvu, nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, uyu mutwe ukomeje kuba ikibazo cyasubitswe aho kuba ikibazo cyakemuwe.
