Abahanga mu by’ubuyobozi bw’abantu bavuga ko nta muntu udafite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora, itandukaniro rikaba ku buryo umuntu ku giti cye ayobora abo ashinzwe kugira ngo byumvikane neza ni uko nta mukuru w’umuryango utayobora abawugize yaba umukene, umukire, uwize n’utize, uko buri wese yitwara muri ubwo buyobozi nicyo usanga abantu badahuza.
Nubwo ariko biba bimeze bityo kuyobora abandi byanga bitewe n’ impamvu zitandukanye kugeza n’aho rimwe na rimwe bigera ku rwego rwo gutandukana.
Ugasanga umugabo n’umugore batandukanye, umuyobozi w’ikigo runaka yasezeye cyangwa yirukanwe, umunyapolitiki runaka yasezeye cyangwa yakuweho ikizere, pasitoro yirukanwe n’abayoboke be, n’ abandi n’abandi. Uko umuntu ayobora abandi, si nk’ifoto wafata ukayomeka ahandi ngo bigende neza kuko buri wese agira umwihariko we.
Muri iyi nkuru byari kuba byiza hagaragawje ibiranga umuyobozi mubi tugereranya n’ibiranga umwiza. Iby’ umuyobozi mubi kuko ari mubi nyine ibye bikaba atari byiza tuzabigarukaho ubutaha, gusa muri make n’ibitandukanye n’ibiranga umuyobozi mwiza.
Ikigenderewe muri nkuru ni ukugira ngo uyobora n’uyoborwa ku rwego ariho rwose amenye ibiranga umuyobozi mwiza kuko bishobora gufasha uyobora kubasha kwihitiramo ugaragaza ko abifite byaba biciye mu matora cyangwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.
Nubwo guhitamo ukuyobora rimwe na rimwe nta ruhare ubigiramo kubera impamvu za politiki tutayobewe cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira z’amajyambere, guhitamo neza n’ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwiza bw’igihugu kandi abaturage bagomba gufata nk’ihame n’uburenganzira bwabo.
Ikibabaje ni uko atariko bikunze kugenda hafi ya hose ku isi, ndibuka twiga isomo ryitwa ” Sociologie Electorale” mwalimu yatubwiye ko ishyaka aho riva rikagera rigomba gukoresha uburyo bwose kugira ngo rigere ku ntego yaryo ariyo gufata ubutegetsi, muri iyo nzira hakorwa lobbying, ahandi biba amajwi, ahandi bakora uburiganya ubwaribwo bwose nko gutegeka umuturage gutora uwo atihitiyemo atanazi, guhabwa bitugwa cyangwa ruswa n’ubundi buryo.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwagiye bugaruka ku bintu bitandukanye biranga umuyobozi mwiza buhuriza kuri ibi bikurikira bikubiye muri bitatu by’ ingenzi aribyo:
1) kugira intego isobanutse;
2) kugira ubushobozi bwo gukoresha no gushishikariza abayoborwa;
3) kugira ubushobozi bwo kumva no kuganiriza cyangwa kuvugisha abo uyobora.
Ibi byagaragajwe n’inzobere mu by’imicungire y’abantu, witwa Dave Ulrich.
Urebeye mu buryo bwagutse umuyobozi mwiza yagombye:
– kubera abandi icyo nakwita intumwa, ambasaderi;
– Gukorera ku ntego no kugira gahunda isobanutse;
– Gukorera mu mucyo;
– Gusangiza abandi ubumenyi bwe n’ubunararibonye;
– Gutuma abayoborwa bakorera mu bwisanzure no gushima ibikorwa byiza cyangwa umurimo wakozwe
– Kurangwa n’ umurava mu kazi
– Kubahiriza igihe
– Kubaha abo ayobora
– Gutanga serivisi zihuse
– Gufata ibyemezo ashishoje
– Gucyaha no guhana no gusabana mu gihe bibaye ngombwa
Ngibyo muri rusange biranga umuyobozi mwiza usibye ko n’undi wese yagira ibyo yakongeraho. Ikibabaje ni uko ari gake usanga abayobozi babyujuje nubwo bitoroshye kubigeraho, gusa abigize kuri % iri hejuru byamufasha kuyobora neza.
Mu gihe bigaragaye ko biri ku rugero ruciriritse cyangwa ruri hasi ubundi yakagombye kwibwiriza agasezera cyangwa agakurwaho ikizere.
Hari ibintu byamenyerewe mu gihugu cyacu cyiswe isuzumabushobozi ( evaluation) aho twagiye twumva hirya no hino abayobozi cyane mu nzego z’ibanze basezera umusubizo, birashoboka ko haba hagenderwa ku mpamvu runaka ariko muri rusange utujuje biriya navuze hejuru niwe wakagombye kuva mu bayobora.
Kuko hari ikibazo umuntu yakwibaza cyangwa yabaza, ibintu bipfira he? ku bayobora ubwabo, abayoborwa, abakozi b’inzego z’ibanze, cyangwa abandi bantu babavangira?
Iki kibazo gishobora kubonerwa umuti habayeho ubushakashatsi bwigenga hagamijwe kureba uko inzego zibanze zakubakwa zitajenjetse kandi zifite ubuyobozi buhamye. Mu babazwa hakazamo n’abayobozi basezeye cyangwa basezerewe, kumenya impamvu zatumye basezera n’uko babona inzego zikwiriye gukora neza, kuko iryo sezera rya hato na hato umuntu yabibonamo uburyo bubiri kuba baba abaturage cyangwa abandi baba barabashyizeho batashishoje bityo bagashyiraho abayobozi batabikwiriye cyangwa barahohotewe.
Ibi nabyo mu rwego rwa accountability igihugu cyacu gishyize imbere ababyitwayemo nabi bakaba babiryozwa. Ibi bishobora gutuma hubakwa inzego zihamye.
Ibiranga abayobozi byavuzweho hejuru bigasuzumwa kimwe n’ imihigo kandi bigakorwa n’ inzego zitandukanye zitagendana bishobotse zidakora cyangwa zitaziranye bityo zigahuriza hamwe raporo ya nyuma.
