Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 5 Mutarama 1991, umujyi wa Mogadishu wari warahindutse ikibuga cy’intambara. Amasasu n’ibisasu byumvikanaga impande zose, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Mohamed Siad Barre bwari buri hafi gusenyuka burundu.
Hagati muri uwo mujyi, Ambasade ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yari yagoswe n’imirwano. Abadipolomate, imiryango yabo n’abaturage b’amahanga bari bamaze iminsi bafungiwe imbere, batazi niba bari kubona ubutabazi mbere y’uko abarwanyi babageraho.
Icyo gihe ni bwo Pentagon yafashe icyemezo cyo gutangiza igikorwa cyihariye cyiswe ‘Operation Eastern Exit’—misiyo yari igamije gukura abo bantu mu gihugu kitari kigifite ubutegetsi bukora.
Somaliya yari iri gusenyuka
Mu mpera za 1990 no mu ntangiriro za 1991, imitwe yitwaje intwaro yari imaze kugota Mogadishu. Ingabo za Leta n’inyeshyamba zarwaniraga mu mihanda, mu gihe ibisasu byagwaga mu duce dutuwe n’abaturage.
Ambasade ya Amerika yari isigaye hagati muri iyo mirwano. Amazi n’ibiribwa byari bigenda bishira, kandi inzira zose zo kuva muri ambasade zari zifunze.
Ambasaderi wa Amerika, James K. Bishop, yamenye ko gukomeza gutegereza byashoboraga gushyira ubuzima bw’abari muri ambasade mu kaga gakomeye.
Navy SEALs n’aba Marines bahamagariwe ubutumwa bukomeye
Mu Nyanja y’Abarabu, amato y’intambara ya Amerika yari yiteguye gutabara.
Mu ijoro, kajugujugu nini za CH-53E Super Stallion zahagurutse zitwaye abasirikare ba U.S. Marines na Navy SEALs.
Byasabye urugendo rurerure rwambukaga inyanja, ndetse kajugujugu zisukwamo lisansi zikirimo kuguruka nijoro—ikintu kitari gisanzwe muri icyo gihe.
Zigeze kuri ambasade hagati mu rusaku rw’amasasu.
Abasirikare bahise bafata ibirindiro, barinda inyubako, banategura uburyo abantu bari bwimurwe mu mutekano.
Gukuramo abantu hagati mu ntambara
Mu masaha make yakurikiyeho, kajugujugu zatangiye gutwara abantu zibakura muri ambasade.
Abadipolomate ba Amerika, imiryango yabo, abaturage b’ibindi bihugu ndetse n’abadipolomate baturukaga mu bihugu birimo n’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti (Soviet Union) bari mu batabawe.
Muri rusange, abantu 281 baturutse mu bihugu 30 ni bo bakuwe muri Mogadishu.
Igikorwa cyarangiye nta muntu n’umwe mu bari batabarwa uhaguye, ibintu byafashwe nk’intsinzi ikomeye ku ngabo za Amerika.
Kuki iyi operation itazwi cyane?
Nubwo Operation Eastern Exit yagenze neza, ntiyigeze imenyekana cyane nka Battle of Mogadishu (Black Hawk Down) yabaye nyuma mu 1993.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko impamvu ari uko Eastern Exit yarangiye nta mirwano ikomeye ibaye hagati y’ingabo za Amerika n’abarwanyi, mu gihe Black Hawk Down yo yaranzwe n’imirwano yamaze amasaha menshi ndetse igahitana abasirikare 18 ba Amerika.
Nyamara, ku basirikare ba Navy SEALs na U.S. Marines, Operation Eastern Exit ikomeje gufatwa nk’urugero rw’uburyo gutegura neza, gukoresha amakuru y’ubutasi n’ubunyamwuga bishobora gutuma ubutumwa bugoye burangira neza.
Isomo ryasizwe n’iyi misiyo
Operation Eastern Exit yagaragaje ko rimwe na rimwe intsinzi ya gisirikare itaba ugutsinda urugamba runini, ahubwo ishobora kuba ugukura abantu mu kaga nta maraso menshi amenetse.
Mu mateka y’ingabo za Amerika, iyi operation ikomeje kwigishwa nk’urugero rw’ubutumwa bwateguwe neza kandi bugakorwa mu gihe gito, mu gihugu cyari cyamaze gusenyuka.
Ni inkuru igaragaza uburyo, mu gihe isi yari ihanze amaso ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa Siad Barre, hari abasirikare binjiye mu mujyi wari uri gushya, bakavanamo abantu amagana, maze bagasubira ku mato yabo mu mutekano—igikorwa cyabaye kimwe mu butumwa bwagenze neza ariko butamenyekanye cyane mu mateka ya Navy SEALs.
