Leta y’u Rwanda, mu rwego rwo kubaka Igihugu kigendera ku mategeko yashyizeho inzego zinyuranye ziyifasha kugera kuri iyo ntego. Ni muri urwo rwego Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, mu ngingo yaryo ya 139 ryashyizeho Urwego rw’Umuvunyi. Mu byo urwo rwego rushinzwe harimo: Gukumira no kurwanya akarengane, ruswa n’ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo mu nzego za Leta n’izigenga.
Ubusanzwe iyo inzira zo kujurira, zaba izisanzwe n’izidasanzwe zitagishoboka, urubanza ruba itegeko. Kongera kuruburanisha ntibiba bigishoboka kabone n’ubwo rwaba rugaragaramo akarengane. U Rwanda rwasanze ubwo butaba ari ubutabera, rushyiraho inzira imanza nk’izo zajya zongera kuburanishwamo.
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Mu kurwanya akarengane hakoreshwa uburyo bwinshi cyane ko n’akarengane kagaragara mu buryo butandukanye bugaragara muri iyi nyandiko. Ubwo buryo bukaba bwitwa ‘ Gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma’.
Gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma umwihariko w’u Rwanda
U Rwanda ni Igihugu buri gihe kigerageza kwishakamo ibisubizo ku bibazo byose rubona bibangamiye abaturage. Ingero ni ishyiraho ry’Inkiko Gacaca zatanze umusaruro ushimishije mu gukurikirana no kuburanisha imanza zerekeye ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, mu gihe amahanga yumvaga ko ubutabera bugomba gutangwa n’inkiko zisanzwe gusa. Urundi rugero ni ishyirwaho rya Komite z’Abunzi zifasha abaturage gukemura amakimbirane bitabaye ngombwa ko bajya mu nkiko, gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda, Umuganda rusange, etc….
Ni muri urwo rwego hatekerejwe n’uburyo bwo gukemura akarengane kagaragara mu manza zaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma/ zamaze kuba itegeko.
Ni nde ufite ububasha bwo gusaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane mu rubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma?
Mu nyungu z’ubutabera, Itegeko Ngenga N° 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu ngingo yaryo ya 79 ndetse n’Itegeko N° 76/2013 ryo ku wa 11/9/2013 rigena inshingano, ububasha, imiterere n’imikorere by’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ingingo ya 15, aha ububasha Urwego rw’Umuvunyi bwo gusaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga gusuzuma no gusubiramo urubanza rwaciwe n’inkiko zisanzwe, inkiko z’ubucuruzi cyangwa iza gisirikare ku rwego rwa nyuma mu gihe hakigaragaramo akarengane.
Impamvu zituma habaho gusubirishamo urubanza n’urwemerewe gusubirishwamo
Ingingo ya 81 y’Itegeko ryerekeye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma rushobora gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane zikurikira:
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1° iyo hari ibimenyetso simusiga bigaragaza ruswa, ikimenyane cyangwa icyenewabo, byagize ingaruka ku mikirize y’urubanza bikaba bitarigeze bimenywa n’uwatsinzwe mu gihe cy’iburana;
2° iyo mu icibwa ry’urubanza hirengagijwe amategeko n’ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese;
3° iyo urubanza rudashobora kurangizwa ukurikije imikirize yarwo.
Birumvikana ko urubanza rwose umuntu yatsinzwe atemerewe gusaba ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ahubwo iryo saba rikorwa ku mpamvu nke zifite umwihariko umaze kugaragazwa haruguru. Gusaba ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ntibyemewe kandi ku muntu wari ufite ubundi buryo bwo kwiyambaza izindi nzira z’ubujurire zisanzwe n’izidasanzwe ariko ntabikore mu gihe giteganyijwe n’amategeko.
Inzira zikurikizwa mu kurusubirishamo
Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ni rwo rwahawe ububasha bwo gusaba ko urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Icyakora, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ntabwo rubisaba rubyibwirije ahubwo rubisaba ku busabe bw’umuturage cyangwa imiryango/inzego bifite ubuzima gatozi baburanye imanza bagatsindwa kandi bakaba babona zirimo akarengane gakabije
Ingingo ya 79 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryerekeye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko Iyo kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe burundu habonetse ibimenyetso bigaragaza akarengane, abari ababuranyi muri urwo rubanza bashobora kubimenyesha Urwego rw’Umuvunyi. Iyo Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rusanze uburyo urubanza rwaciwe nta karengane karimo, rubimenyesha uwatanze ikirego.
Ni gute urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo
Iyo Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rusanze uburyo urubanza rwaciwe birimo akarengane rwandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rumusaba ko urubanza rwakongera kuburanishwa. Rumushyikiriza raporo ikubiyemo imiterere y’icyo kibazo n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza ako karengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga afata icyemezo ashingiye kuri raporo ikorwa n’Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Inkiko.
Ingingo ya 80 y’iryo tegeko ikomeza isobanura ko iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asuzumye raporo y’Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Inkiko akemeza ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa, yoherereza dosiye Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ayandike mu bitabo byabugenewe, akanagena kandi n’itariki y’iburanisha n’inteko y’abacamanza bazaruburanisha. Iyo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asanze urubanza rutazongera kuburanishwa abimenyesha Urwego rw’Umuvunyi.
Inteko iburanisha bene izo manza iba igizwe nibura n’abacamanza batatu ndetse iyo urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, inteko iburanisha igomba kuba igizwe nibura n’abacamanza batanu (5) batarimo abari baruciye[1].
Iyi nzira ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ubusabe bw’umuturage ugaragaza akarengane mu rubanza ituma habaho gushishoza guhagije kugirango Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufate umwanzuro wo gusubiramo urubanza rurimo akarengane koko.
Umusaruro
Ubu buryo bwo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma, bugaragaza umusaruro ushimishije mu bijyanye no kurenganura abantu.
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Ingero ni uko hari nk’ahagaragaye ko umucamanza yahanishije umuntu igihano kitemewe n’amategeko ;
Hari aho umucamaza yaciye urubanza ku kintu cyaciweho urundi rubanza rwabaye itegeko;
Hari aho urubanza rwaciwe ruha umuntu inzu iri ku butaka, kandi ubutaka rubuha undi muburanyi, nyamara nta watungira inzu ku butaka bw’undi.
Ubu buryo bwo gusubirishamo imanza zigaragaramo akarengane n’ubwo ari inzira ndende ni uburyo butanga igisubizo kirambye kuko iyo hagaragaye akarengane Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ruragakosora kandi rugatanga icyerekezo mu gukemura ibibazo bisa n’ibyari byateje ako karengane.
Ubu buryo butuma kandi abacamanza bigengesera, bakitwararika guca imanza zizira amakemwa kandi bakanigira ku byemezo by’urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu gutunganya neza inshingano zabo.Ubu buryo bushimangira imikoranire myiza n’ubwuzuzanye by’inzego cyane cyane Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi mu gutanga ubutabera.
Nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa uburyo bwo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane imanza zaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma, ni igisubizo ku karengane kagaragara mu manza zamaze kuba itegeko ariko zigaragaramo akarengane.
Mu gukoresha ububasha bwahawe Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ku bijyanye no gusubirishamo imanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, izi nzego zombi ziruzuzanya ku buryo nta rwego rubangamira urundi cyangwa ngo rwinjire mu nshingano z’urundi, cyane ko Ubutegetsi bw’Ubucamanza ari Urwego rwigenga. Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ntirutegeka ngo urubanza rusubirwemo ahubwo rurabisaba. Ubusabe bushobora kwemerwa cyangwa ntibwemerwe nk’uko twabibonye haruguru. Urwego rw’Umuvunyi ni umuyoboro abaturage banyuzamo ibibazo byabo kuko Urukiko rutiregera nk’uko amategeko abiteganya kandi bikaba bitakorwa n’umuturage kuko inzira z’ubujurire ziba zararangiye
Ubu bwuzuzanye hagati y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi bukorwa mu nyungu z’ubutabera mu rwego rwo gushaka ibisubizo ku karengane kaba kagaragajwe n’abaturage.
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