Ku wa 17 Gicurasi 1997, umwe mu bayobozi bari bamaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi muri Afurika, Mobutu Sese Seko, yahungiye hanze y’igihugu cye cya Zaïre nyuma y’igihe kinini igihugu kiri mu ntambara.
Uwo munsi ni bwo umutwe wa Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaïre wari uyobowe na Laurent-Désiré Kabila winjiye i Kinshasa nta mirwano ikomeye ihabereye, maze igihugu gihita gihindurirwa izina kiba Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Ni umunsi wahinduye amateka y’akarere kose ka Afurika yo hagati, ariko kandi uba n’intangiriro y’ibibazo bishya byakurikiyeho imyaka myinshi y’intambara, amacakubiri n’ihangana ry’ibihugu byo mu karere.
Mobutu: Perezida wari warabaye igihangange cya Afurika
Mobutu yafashe ubutegetsi mu 1965 nyuma ya kudeta ya gisirikare. Mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita, yari umwe mu bayobozi bashyigikiwe cyane n’ibihugu by’Uburengerazuba cyane cyane Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kubera kurwanya ubukomunisiti muri Afurika.
Zaïre yabaye igihugu gifite akamaro gakomeye muri geopolitique y’icyo gihe, ndetse Mobutu aba inshuti ikomeye ya Washington.
Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, ruswa yarakwirakwiriye, ubukungu burasenyuka, ingabo zitangira gucika intege kubera kudahembwa, abaturage benshi na bo batangira kurambirwa ubutegetsi bwe. Mu myaka ya 1990, igihugu cyari kimaze kugera mu bibazo bikomeye, amafaranga yarataye agaciro, amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ariyongera, amahanga atangira kumutakariza icyizere.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yahinduye ibintu byose
Mu 1994, nyuma ya 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, ibintu byahinduye isura muri Zaïre.
Abasirikare ba FAR n’Interahamwe bahungiye mu burasirazuba bwa Zaïre bafite intwaro, bashinga ibirindiro mu nkambi z’impunzi hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda, aho batangiriye kugaba ibitero ku Rwanda rushya rwari ruyobowe na RPF Inkotanyi.
Ibi byatumye u Rwanda rufata ikibazo nk’icy’umutekano cyihutirwa. Mu 1996 havutse umutwe wa AFDL wari uyobowe na Laurent-Désiré Kabila, ushyigikiwe cyane n’u Rwanda na Uganda.
Intego yari ugukuraho Mobutu no gusenya ibirindiro by’abari bakoze Jenoside bari muri Zaïre.
Uko Mobutu yagiye atsindwa intambwe ku yindi
AFDL yatangiye urugamba iva mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ifata imijyi nka Uvira, Bukavu, Goma, Kisangani na Lubumbashi.
Imijyi myinshi yaguye vuba kubera ko ingabo za Mobutu zari zacitse intege. Bamwe mu basirikare bahungaga batarwanye, abandi bakiyunga kuri AFDL.
Ihirima rye ryatewe kandi n’uko ingabo ze zari zarasenyutse, yari arwaye kanseri bikomeye, yaratakaje inkunga mpuzamahanga ndetse abaturage benshi bari bamaze kumurambirwa. Mu mezi make gusa, AFDL yari igeze hafi ya Kinshasa.
Tariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1997: Kinshasa irafatwa
Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 17 Gicurasi 1997, Mobutu yari yamaze guhungira muri Morocco, ingabo ze nyinshi zaratatanye, maze abarwanyi ba AFDL binjira i Kinshasa. Abaturage benshi babakiriye nk’abaje guhindura igihugu nyuma y’imyaka irenga 30 y’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu.
Laurent-Désiré Kabila yahise atangaza ko igihugu gihindutse Democratic Republic of the Congo aho kwitwa Zaïre, ndetse yitangaza nka Perezida mushya.
Icyo gihe benshi batekerezaga ko Congo yinjiye mu gihe gishya cy’impinduka n’ituze, ariko ibyo byiringiro ntibyatinze.
Intsinzi yahise ivamo intambara nshya
Nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa, umubano hagati ya Kabila n’ibihugu byamushyigikiye watangiye kuzamo agatotsi.
Mu 1998, Kabila yirukanye abasirikare b’Abanyarwanda, u Rwanda na Uganda bitangira gushyigikira indi mitwe yamurwanyaga.
Ni bwo hatangiye Intambara ya Kabiri ya Congo, bamwe bise “Intambara y’Isi ya Afurika” kubera umubare munini w’ibihugu byayigizemo uruhare harimo Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, u Rwanda, Uganda n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo na FDLR.
Ese kuki ihirima rya Mobutu rikiri ingenzi kugeza uyu munsi?
Nubwo hashize imyaka myinshi, tariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1997 iracyafatwa nk’umunsi w’ingenzi cyane mu mateka ya Congo no mu karere.
Ni umunsi warangije imyaka 32 y’ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu, wahinduye geopolitique y’Afurika yo hagati, watanze intangiriro y’intambara zakurikiyeho muri RDC, kandi kugeza n’uyu munsi ikibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo gifite imizi muri ibyo bihe.
Hari ababona Mobutu nk’umunyagitugu wasenye igihugu cye, abandi bakavuga ko nyuma ye Congo yinjiye mu bihe by’intambara birushijeho gukomera. Ariko ikigaragara ni uko tariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1997 yabaye umunsi wahinduye amateka ya Congo burundu.
