Iyo witegereje abatuye isi mu byiciro babamo muri rusange, byumwihariko mu bihugu bitandukanye babarizwamo, byaba ibyo bavukamo, batemberamo ,bakuriyemo cyangwa bagiyemo ku mpamvu z’imirimo, usanga buri kimwe cyose kigendera ku dipolomasi .
Hari kandi n’abajyayo kubera amasomo n’ubushabitsi busanzwe aho rero uhita wibaza ku ruhare rw’umwe wese mu guharanira kugaragaza isura y’igihugu cye , cyaba icy’amavuko hamwe n’ikindi yakwitirirwa kubagira ubwenegihugu burenze bumwe .
Mu gusesengura rero usanga abantu bakunda kumenya ibintu bitandukanye kenshi biba binateye amatsiko ibindi bamwe bakabifata nk’ibitanabareba burundu hamwe usanga rubanda rusanzwe rutanabyibazaho kenshi bagira bati ” ibyo ni ibyaba na bariya ntibindeba”.
Ugasanga ku bakunda ruhago barara rwantambi bareba umupira abandi bakabetinga, abandi bakarara bakaraga imibyimba baruhura ubwonko.
Ibyo kandi byose n’ingenzi hamwe umuturage w’i Buzinganjwiri hariya umubaza umusitari wa Arsenal na Barcelona ugasanga azi ninomero yambara!…
Ubu mubona abantu birirwa mu mipira bareba amarushanwa bakamenya UEFA na Copa America, yewe Filime yasohotse uwo munsi ntibe yamucika habe na mba nyamara ugasanga izindi gahunda zibera mu gihugu cye ntazikozwa burya ni ya Dipolomasi turi kuvugaho iba yabigizemo uruhare zasigaye inyuma haba mu kuzimenya, kuzimenyesha hamwe no kuziganiraho harimo na dipolomasi benshi batajya bita kubyayo kandi yigaragaza uko bwije n’uko bukeye.
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Iyo bavuze Dipolomasi cyangwa ububanyi n’amahanga wowe wunva iki?
Ubusanzwe Dipolomasi ni “Ubuhanga n’Uburyo ibihugu bibana bikanaganira ku mubano hagati yabyo hifashishijwe ababiserukira cyangwa intumwa runaka zagenwe mu gihe runaka”.
Dipolomasi kandi inahuza ibihugu n’Imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye .
Ibi biganiro byibanda ku ngingo nyinshi zirimo nko :
a) Kubungabunga amahoro ku isi
b) Intambara hagati y’ibihugu
c) Uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe no kubahiriza amazerano mpuzamahanga igihugu kiba cyarashyizeho umukono n’ibindi….
Igihagararo ariko cy’Ububanyi n’Amahanga uzakibwirwa n’uko buri gihugu usanga cyubaka ubudagangarwa gihereye ku by’ingenzi birimo na dipolomasi itajegajega .
Henshi rubanda rwa giseseka rwayoberwa izina rya bamwe, nk’umuyobozi runaka mu gihugu ariko ntawayoberwa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga w’igihugu cye bisa naho iyi Minisiteri iba ariyo ndorerwamo y’ishushombumbe y’igihagararo cy’ubutegetsi mu ruhando mpuzamahanga!
Ubusanzwe Umudipolomate wese agira icyo bita “Ubudahangarwa” buzwi mu rurimi rw’icyongereza nka “Diplomatic Immunity”.
Kera ubu budahangarwa butaraza umudipolomate yashoboraga kugaragarwaho n’amakosa agahutazwa cyangwa benshi bakicwa kubera amatati yashoboraga kubaho hagati y’ibihugu baturutsemo maze intambara yarota bakamanikwa.
Kuva ubwo iyo intambara zirose ubu hakurikizwa amasezerano ibihugu byagiranye ahagana mu myaka 50 ishize maze hagakoreshwa agashya bita “Persona Non Grata” ko guhambiriza shishi itabona umudipolomate utifuzwa n’igihugu runaka ku butaka bwacyo mu masaha yagenywe, uwahambirijwe ntabe agikoza akarenge ku butaka bw’icyo gihugu!
Abadipolomate kandi bagira inyandiko z’inzira bisangije bita “Diplomatic Pass” hiyongeraho icyo muri Dipolomasi bita “Diplomatic Bag cyangwa Diplomatic Pouch” bituma amashakoshi yabo adapfa gusakwa ku byambu banyuraho kereka hari impamvu zidasanzwe harimo no kwibeshya ku ishakoshi ye .
Dipolomasi kandi ntitana ko kunekana hagati y’ibihugu”Espionage” gusa iyi ni serivisi ahanini ikurikiranwa n’abandi bantu bakorera muri za Ambassades bita “Military Attachés” usanga aho bari baba bagomba kuneka no kumenya ubushobozi bw’Ubwirinzi bw’Igihugu boherejwemo !
Uruhare rw’ubutasi muri Dipolomasi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu rero baba banategetswe kwitabira imyiyereko ya Gisirikare hamwe utwarasisi tuba twateguwe mu gihugu barimo ariko ikibabaza niyo hari intasi batumye kuneka byimbitse maze zigafatwa zitarasohoza ubutumwa.
Ubwo rero iyo bigenze gutyo zihura nagakoryo bita ” Prison In Sito” umuntu bakamufunga infunguzo bakajugunya iherezo bikazamenyekana kera kabaye bikimenyekana imishyikirano yo kumurekura rwihicwa cyangwa kumugaragaro
igitangira.
Muri Dipolomasi kandi habamo imyumvire ihuriweho ishingiye ku mikorere n’imitekerereze ivuga ngo ” Incuti n’abanzi bacu bagomba iteka kwemera no gusobanukirwa ibyo tubibwirira ubwacu atari ibyo bumvana abandi batuvuga”.
Bishatse kuvuga ko Umudipolomate nyawe n’ubwo byagenda gute agomba kukubwira ingamba ze wazumva utazumva ntagomba gucogora kandi niyo wazana impaka ubwo murashyidika adategwa mu magambo ikindi adacika intege kandi akirinda guhungabana mu maso he, mu kazi ke kabone nubwo byagenda gute ntarakara imbonankubone .
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Dipolomasi mu gukemura impaka mpuzamahanga no guhuza abatavuga rumwe .
Ijambo “Arbitration” risobanura guhagarara hagati y’abakimbiranye ukararama hanyuma hagakurikiraho irindi rizwi kandi rigakoreshwa cyane nka “Mediation” nyuma yo guhagarara hagati yabo ariko uranabahuza bakaganira .
Gusa ibiganiro by’uhuza abakimbiranye hari ubwo biba baticaranye umuhuza agahura n’umwe hanyuma akajya guhura n’undi ukwe agahuza ibivuye mu mpande zombi mpaka igihe azashobora kubahuriza kumeza amwe ari nabwo buryo Umuhuza mu kibazo cy’Abavandimwe b’Abarundi, Bwana Benjamin Mkapa arimo gukoresha i Arusha muri Tanzania .
Nyamara Arbitration yo iniharira undi mwihariko wo gukora nk’umuhesha w’inkiko mpuzamahanga ku manza zaciwe hagati y’igihugu iki cyangwa kiriya .
Ku bufatanye n’Urukiko rw’Ubutabera Mpuzamahanga ( International Court Of Justice ) I.C.J mu magambo ahinnye y’icyongereza Dipolomasi ihaserukana ishema n’isheja mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byurwo rukiko ruba rwafashe kurubanza runaka rwaburanishije kandi abashinzwe iby’imibano n’amahanga bagakomeza kwibutsa iyo ngingo mu nama baba bagomba guha buri ruhande rurebwa nicyo kibazo.
Zimwe muri izo manza cyangwa impaka za kera na vuba aha harimo izi zikurikira :
Ihoshwa ry’amakimbirane ashingiye ku mipaka hagati ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe na Canada, mu maserezerano yitiriwe “Hay-Herbert Treaty” .
Congress of Vienna nk’ amasezerano yasonaburaga uko abanyaburayi bagomba gutuzwa no guturana kw’amoko n’imipaka byabo , nyuma yo kuneshwa kwa Napoleon Bonaparte.
Ikibazo cy’Ibirwa bya Bakassi byarwanirwaga hagati ya Cameron na Nigeria tutibagiwe n’impaka za ngo turwane hagati ya Ethiopia na Eritrea kabone nubwo hari aho bitararangizwa neza ariko nk’ikibazo cyari Ku mipaka ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n’u Rwanda yo yamaze kwerekanwa kandi dipolomasi ibigizemo uruhare.
Dipolomasi tuvuga niyo yatumye uwahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika Jimmy Carter ahabwa Igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobeli mu 1978 nyuma yo guhosha amakimbirane hagati ya Misiri ya Anuar El Sadate na Israel ya Menachem Begin.
Ibihugu kubana kimwe ari Leta yemewe ikindi kitemewe [Diplomatic Recognition].
Ubu buryo buzwi nabwo nka “Diplomatic Recognition” cyangwa Kwemerana kw’ibihugu bibiri mu buryo bwihariye ariko kimwe kitemewe mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.
Niho uzabona Leta Zunze Ubumwe zibana na Taiwan ariko Isi itemera Taiwan nka Leta nyamara uwo mubano ntabwo ushingira kuri za Ambasade kuko nk’inyungu za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zihagarariwe n ‘icyo bise “American Institute in Taiwan” guhera muli 1970 .
Kuva ubwo Ubushinwa bwahise butangaza intambara ku gihugu cyose kiziha kugirana umubano na Taiwan yabwiyomoyeho, Taiwan nayo ikoresha icyo yita “Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office” kubayihagarariye mu mahanga bafitanye umubano aho gukoresha ijambo Ambassade.
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Wari uzi ko nawe waba umudipolomate mu buryo ubu cyangwa buriya ?
Diplomasi igira amoko menshi akurikira:
Dipolomasi yo guhosha amakimbirane atarabyara intambara (Preventive Diplomacy )
Dipolomasi yo guca i Kibungo kugirango igihugu kigeze
ku kindi ( Public Diplomacy ).
Ubu buryo bukoreshwa n’abantu benshi batanabizi kuko niho hazamo uruhare rw’imbugankoranyambaga nka Facebook na Twitter.
Ni kenshi abantu baganirira ku mbugankoranyambaga twavuze haruguru bagatsura umubano abandi bagacyocyorana bikunze no kugaragara ku bayobozi bakuru b’ibihugu.
Nyamara burya niyo abaturage b’igihugu iki cyangwa kiriya bashyiditse ku mbuga nkorangambaga , burya nayo ngo ni dipolomasi kandi ikomeye ku rwego ruhanitse !
-Soft Diplomacy: Nabwo ni uburyo bwihariye bukoreshwa n’abantu bagaragara nk’abadafite aho bahuriye na Politiki nk’abahanzi mu ma filime , indirimbo , amakinamico n’ibindi, gusa ugasanga ibi ni amayeri y’icengezamatwara ry’imico itandukanye.
Ubu buryo bwifashishijwe cyane n’Abahinde n’Abanyamerika mu gusakaza imico karande yabo bayikwikwirakwiza ku isi . Bikava mu ndilimbo bikagera mu myambarire yemwe n’imvugo zigakwira hamwe umuntu wahantu runaka asigara azi imihana yibunaka atarahakandagira.
Nugera mu madini n’amatorero uzasanga imisigiti izwi nka Medina, imihana nka Kandahar cyangwa California biri aho kandi ari hafi y’ inzu z’imikino ziriranwa n’ama stades y’i Burayi.
Ibyo bigaragaza uruhare rwa Soft Diplomacy mu kwamamaza ibihugu runaka kw’isi .
Ninde Se utazi amakorali yitirirwa Imirenge imwe yo muri Israel kandi ukaba wanabaza umuririmbyi wayo Uturere tugize igihugu cye akabanza kwiyumvira?
Dipolomasi itaziguye ( informal diplomacy cyangwa Track II Diplomacy )
Ni uburyo bwifashishwa incabwenge ziba zigenderanira hagati y’ibihugu nka Abarimu mpuzamahanga, Abaganga b’Inzobere baba bagenda bakora akazi k’igihe gito mu mahanga mu bikorwa byabo by’ubwitange, Abasitari bamamaye , Abasirikare bari mu za bukuru n’abandi bashobora gutanga umusanzu wabo mu kwimakaza ubucuti bw’ibihugu byabo n’amahanga atandukanye.
Dipolomasi igamije kuburizamo imvururu.
Iyi ni inzira ikoreshwa n’abadipolomate baherekeza Ingabo z’Amahanga z’ibihugu byabo aho zitabaye kugirango bajye bafasha kwigisha abaturage bahasanze no kubabanisha na Leta izo ngabo ziba zigiyemo hiyongereyeho no gufasha kwiyegereza imitima y’abo izo ngabo ziba zigiye gutabara.
Gusa abayobozi baba bateganijwe kuyobora ako gace nabo bagirwa inama zuko imiyoborere myiza imera bakabifashwamo na za nzobere muri ubu bwoko bwa dipolomasi iherekeza ingabo mu butumwa ziba zagiyemo.
Uru ruhande nirwo rwatumye u Rwanda ruba icyogere mu kubungab
unga umutekano aho ziri hose kubera gufasha abo bahasanze, mu bikorwa biziranga haba mu buvuzi bw’abaturage hamwe no kububakira amashuri n’ibindi.
Gusa hari n’abandi nk’abihaye Imana bakoresha ubu buryo bamamaza ibikorwa byaho babicishije mu mpano bahabwa na Leta zabo iyo batabona izo nkunga iyo dipolomasi ihindura inyito ikitwaTrack III .
Dipolomasi ya Gunboat cyangwa Dipolomasi ya gisirikare.
Iyi ni dipolomasi ya gisirikare yo kwerekana aho igihugu gihagaze mu by’ibitwaro byacyo na gisirikare!
Ubu buryo bukoreshwa nko gutanga gasopo kuwashaka kugerereza kukigerereza ko yahita ahura n’uruva gusenya.
Igihugu kandi gishobora gutegura imyitozo ya gisirikare ihambaye, ku butaka, mu kirere no mu mazi hamwe no kurasa ibitwaro bikaze kandi kikabikorera Ku mupaka w’ikindi gishaka guha gasopo cyangwa bikaba byanabera n’ahandi hateguwe ariko bikerekwa imbaga.
Gusa hajya habaho ikibazo iyo kimwe gisohoye ibitwaro n’Abasirikare n’ikindi kiti sinatangwa nk’uko byagendekeye Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Koreya ya ruguru mu kiswe “Pueblo Incident” byarangiye bitarwanye ariko Koreya ya Ruguru ikavuga ko yanesheje USA .
Dipolomasi igenga ibitwaro bya kirimbuzi [ Diplomatie nucleaire]
Dusoreze kuri ubu bwoko bwa dipolomasi bwitwararika kubuza ko ibihugu bidafite ubushobozi bwo gukora intwaro kirimbuzi byazigeraho.
Nibwo buryo bwonyine bwahosheje intambara yari kurota hagati ya Israel na Iran nyamara Ibihugu by’ibihangange Ku isi nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika , Uburusiya , Ubudagi , Ubwongereza, Loni,… byasozaga amaserano yemeza ko Iran ihagarika gutunganya ubutare bwa Uranium ku kigero kibujijwe.
Dipolomasi rero yatumye amaserano yasinywe i Lausanne kuwa 14/07/2015 ishobora kwigaragaza nka zimwe mu mbaraga ntayegayezwa zayo zatumye umuriro uhosha mu Karere k’uburasizuba kose mu Ntambara yari kuba mbi kuruta izabayeho zose .
Mu nkuru zitaha tuzabagezaho abadipolomate bagiye bamamara cyane hamwe n’ibigo bikomeye byanditse amazina mu gukinirwaho uyu mukino mwiza ukinwa n’abantu benshi ariko ukamenywa na bake.
Kanda hano ujye ubona amakuru yihuse kandi kugihe kuri Facebook no kuri twitter
Yandiswe na Marshall E.David /Bwiza.com
