Mu gihe amahanga yari yatangiye kwizera ko ibiganiro by’amahoro hagati ya Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’ihuriro AFC/M23 bishobora kurangiza imyaka myinshi y’intambara mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ibintu byongeye guhinduka mu buryo bwatunguye benshi.
Nyuma y’amasezerano yasinyiwe mu Busuwisi hagati y’impande zombi, imirwano yongeye kubura muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Amasasu yongeye kumvikana i Kalehe, Masisi, Rutshuru no muri Minembwe, ibintu byatumye benshi bibaza niba ayo masezerano yari amahoro nyayo cyangwa niba yari uburyo bwo kongera kwisuganya ku rugamba.
Amasezerano y’i Busuwisi yari agamije iki?
Ibiganiro byabereye i Montreux mu Busuwisi byari bikomeje inzira yari yaratangijwe i Doha muri Qatar.
Impande zombi zari zemeye guhagarika imirwano, korohereza ibikorwa by’ubutabazi, kurekura bamwe mu bafunzwe no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’agahenge.
Kimwe mu bintu byafashwe nk’intambwe ikomeye ni uko AFC/M23 yemerewe kujya mu rwego rwiswe EJVM, urwego rwari rugamije gukurikirana no kugenzura ibijyanye n’agahenge.
MONUSCO ndetse n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari na byo byari byitezweho gufasha muri uwo murimo.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ayo masezerano yakiriwe nk’icyizere gishya. Amerika, Qatar, Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, Togo n’u Busuwisi byose byari bishyigikiye iyo nzira y’ibiganiro.
Ariko ikibazo gikomeye cyari kigihari ni iki: kutizerana hagati y’impande zombi.
Impande zombi zakomeje kwitegura intambara mu ibanga
Nubwo ku meza y’ibiganiro bavugaga amahoro, amakuru ava ku rugamba yagaragaje ko buri ruhande rwakomeje ibikorwa bya gisirikare.
Raporo zitandukanye zagaragaje ko FARDC yakomeje kohereza ingabo n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare mu bice biri hafi y’imirongo y’urugamba, AFC/M23 na yo ikomeza gushimangira ibirindiro byayo no kwimura abarwanyi mu buryo bwihuse.
Mu ntangiriro za Mata 2026, FARDC n’imitwe ya Wazalendo bongeye gutera ibice bimwe muri Kalehe, AFC/M23 na yo ihita isubiza ibitero mu bice bya Ziralo no muri Masisi.
Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko nta ruhande rwifuzaga gusiga urundi rufite imbaraga ku rugamba, kandi buri ruhande rwakekaga ko urundi rushobora kurutera igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Ibi byatumye agahenge kaba nk’ikiruhuko cy’igihe gito aho kuba ihagarikwa ry’intambara nyaryo.
Ikibazo cya Wazalendo na FDLR gikomeje kuba umutima w’ikibazo
AFC/M23 imaze igihe ishinja Leta ya Congo gukorana n’imitwe nka Wazalendo, FDLR ndetse n’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera muri Kivu.
Ku ruhande rwa Kinshasa, yo ivuga ko Wazalendo ari abaturage bari kwitabara no kurengera igihugu. Ariko ikibazo ni uko iyo Wazalendo bagabye igitero kuri AFC/M23, AFC/M23 ibifata nk’igitero cya FARDC ubwayo.
Ni cyo cyatumye, mu gihe ibiganiro byari bikomeje mu Busuwisi, imirwano yakomezaga kubera muri Rutshuru, Walikale na Masisi.
Hari n’aho Wazalendo basubiraga mu duce M23 yari ivuyemo, ibintu byatumaga AFC/M23 ivuga ko amasezerano atubahirizwa.
Uvira yabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ukutizerana
Umujyi wa Uvira wabaye kimwe mu bice byateje ubushyamirane bukomeye hagati y’impande zombi.
Mu ntangiriro za 2026, AFC/M23 yari yemeye kuva muri uwo mujyi nyuma y’igitutu mpuzamahanga.
Ariko nyuma, abayobozi ba Congo batangaje ko abarwanyi ba M23 bagumye ku misozi ikikije Uvira, AFC/M23 na yo ivuga ko FARDC yahise yoherezayo ingabo nyinshi ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo.
Ibi byatumye buri ruhande rutangira kubona ko urundi rushobora kuba ruri gutegura igitero gishya.
Mu by’ukuri, Uvira yahindutse nk’ahantu herekana neza ko ikibazo kitari cyarakemutse, ahubwo cyari cyarahagaritswe by’agateganyo.
Drones n’ikoranabuhanga bishya byahinduye intambara
Intambara yo muri Congo ntabwo ikimeze nk’iyo mu myaka ya kera.
Uyu munsi, drones zirakoreshwa cyane, hari ibitero byo mu kirere ndetse no gukurikirana ibikorwa by’umwanzi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
FARDC yagiye ivuga ko yarashe drones za AFC/M23, mu gihe AFC/M23 na yo yashinjaga FARDC gukoresha drones mu bice igenzura.
Ikibazo ni uko igikorwa kimwe cya drone gishobora guhita gifatwa nk’igikorwa gikomeye cyo kurenga ku gahenge, bityo imirwano ikongera kubura mu buryo bwihuse.
Hari inyungu mpuzamahanga zikomeye muri iyi ntambara
Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko ikibazo cya Congo kitakiri ikibazo cy’imbere mu gihugu gusa.
Amerika, u Bushinwa, ibihugu byo mu karere ndetse n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga byose bifite inyungu mu mutungo kamere wa Congo ushakishwa cyane ku isi.
Ni yo mpamvu ibiganiro by’amahoro bikurikiranwa cyane n’ibihugu bikomeye, ariko nanone buri ruhande rugashaka kugumana imbaraga ku butaka.
Hari abavuga ko ibiganiro byabaye uburyo bwo kugabanya igitutu mpuzamahanga no kubona igihe cyo kongera kwisuganya.
Ese amahoro aracyashoboka?
Nubwo ibiganiro bikomeje, amahoro arambye aracyari kure.
Impamvu ni uko impande zombi zidafitanye icyizere, imitwe yitwaje intwaro iracyari myinshi, abaturage bakomeje guhunga, kandi buri ruhande ruracyashaka kugira imbaraga za gisirikare mbere yo kwemera ibiganiro bikomeye.
Uyu munsi, agahenge kariho ku mpapuro, ariko ku rugamba ibintu bikomeje kudogera.
Kandi ikibazo benshi bibaza ni iki: Ese ibiganiro byo mu Busuwisi bizongera gutanga icyizere gishya? Cyangwa Congo iri kwinjira mu kindi cyiciro gikomeye cy’intambara?
Icyo ni cyo isi yose ikomeje gukurikirana muri aya masaha.
