Afurika: Abaperezida 9 bo muri Africa bayoboye manda zirenze ebyiri hahinduwe itegekonshinga

Afurika ni umugabane ufite Abakuru b’Ibiguhu bayoboye igihe kirekire ahanini bitewe n’icyizere abaturage baba bakibafitiye ariko kandi hakaba abavuga ko bo ubwabo bagira uruhare mu ihindurwa ry’itegekonshinga ribahesha amahirwe bwo kuyobora manda zirenze ebyiri.

Abayoboye igihe kinini bakiriho ubu ngubu ni nka Teodoro Obiang Ngwema wa Guinée Equatorial amaze imyaka 40, Paul Biya wa Cameroun amaze imyaka 37 ku butegetsi, Denis Sassou Nguesso wa Congo amaze imyaka 35. Hari n’abandi batakiriho na bo bari kuri uri rutonde nka Robert Mugabe  wamaze 40 ari ku butegetsi na Muammar Gadaffi wamaze imyaka 34.

Ngaba abakuru b’ibihugu bamaze kuyobora manda zirenze ebyiri nyuma y’ihindurwa ry’itegekonshinga ry’ibihugu bayoboye gusa turaza gusangamo umwihariko wa babiri muri bo, umwe bitatangajwe niba igihugu cye cyarahinduye itegekonshinga, n’undi bivugwa ko ateganya kuryica:

Paul Biya/Cameroon

Paul Biya w’imyaka 86 y’amavuko yayoboye Cameroon kuva mu 1982. Mu 2008, Inteko ishinga amategeko yatoye itegeko rikuraho manda maze Biya atorerwa izindi ebyiri zakurikiyeho gusa abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe bavuze ko habayemo uburiganya.

Pierre Nkurunziza/u Burundi

Pierre Nkurunziza yayoboye u Burundi kuva mu 2005. Mu 2015 ni bwo yatangaje ko yiyamamariza manda ya gatatu, abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bavuga ko ari ukutubarihiriza itegekonshinga. Muri Gicurasi 2018, habayeho kamarampaka (referendum) yongera igihe manda imarava, kiva ku myaka itanu, kigera kuri irindwi. N’ubwo nyir’ubwite yigeze guhakana ko atazongera kwiyamamaza, bivugwa ko ashobora gutungurana.

Idriss Deby/Chad 

Yagiye ku butegetsi ahiritse Hissène Habré mu 1990. Mu 2005 habayeho ‘referendum’ yakuyeho manda ebyiri maze Deby akomeza kuyobora, gusa mu 2018 inteko ishinga amategeko yasubijeho gahunda ya manda ebyiri gusa ngo ntabwo izahita yubahirizwa. Ibi biha Deby amahirwe yo kwiyamamaza no mu 2021 igize azaba akibishaka.

Azali Assoumani/Ibirwa bya Comore

Azali yagiye ku butegetsi mu 1999. Mu 2018 habayeho ‘referendum’ yamwemereye kongera kwiyamamaza ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu ariko abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe bavuze ko iyi kamarampaka ihabanye n’amategeko.

Denis Sassou Nguesso/Repubulika ya Congo

Sassou Nguesso yayoboye Congo/Brazzaville kuva mu 1979 kugeza mu 1992, arongera ayobora kuva mu 1997. Afite imyaka 76 y’amavuko kuko yavutse mu 1943. Mu 2015 hatowe itegeko rituma uwayoboye manda ebyiri yongera gutorwa n’irikuraho imyaka ntarengwa y’ubukure maze mu 2016, Sassou Nguesso atorerwa indi manda y’imyaka itanu ariko hari abavuze ko amatora yibwe.

Ismail Omar Guelleh/Djibouti

Nyuma yo kujya ku butegetsi mu 1999, 2010 ishinga amategeko ya Djibouti yatoye itegeko rivanaho manda ntarengwa, maze Guelleh atorerwa izindi manda ebyiri zikurikiranye.

Paul Kagame/u Rwanda

Paul Kagame yagiye ku butegetsi mu 2000 mu nzibacyuho, asimbuye Pasteur Bizimungu weguye. Mu 2003, Kagame yatorewe kuyobora u Rwanda kuri manda y’imyaka 7, arongera atorerwa kuruyobora kugeza mu 2017. Mu 2015 habaye ‘referendum’ ku busabe bw’abaturage maze imwemerera kongera kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu yatzinze mu 2017 izarangira mu 2024, ubundi hagakurikizwa gahunda ya manda y’imyaka itanu yashyizweho n’inteko ishinga amategeko.

Faure Gnassingbe/Togo

Faure Gnassingbe yagiye ku butegetsi mu 2005, ayobora manda eshatu zizarangira mu 2020. Bivugwa ko n’ubwo mu 2019 hatowe itegeko ryo kutarenza manda ebyiri mu rwego guhagarika ubutegetsi bw’umuryango wa Gnassingbe (se yari yarayoboye kuva mu 1967), ashobora kuguma ku butegetsi na nyuma ya 2020, ubwo manda ye ya gatatu izaba irangiye.

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni/Uganda

Museveni yagiye ku butegetsi mu 1986. Mu 2005, Uganda yatoye itegeko rikuraho umubare wa manda umukuru w’igihugu agomba kuyobora , mu 2017 na bwo hatorwa itegeko rikuraho imyaka y’ubukure ku wiyamamariza kuyobora igihugu. Bivugwa ko Museveni aziyamamariza kuyobora Uganda mu 2021.

Hari abandi bayobozi nka Alpha Conde wa Guinée na Alassane Dramane Ouattara wa Côte d’Ivoire bisabiye guverinoma guhindura itegekonshinga, rikabemerera kongera kwiyamamaza. Aba bombi bayoboye ibihugu byabo mu 2010, ubu bakaba bamaze kuyobora manda ebyiri zizarangira mu 2020.

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