Imyaka itanu iri imbere ishobora kurangira EAC ifite abakuru b’ibihugu bashya batanu

Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ugizwe n’ibihugu bitandatu by’ibinyamuryango birimo u Rwanda, Uganda, u Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania na Sudani y’Epfo. Bitanu muri ibi bihugu, bishobora kuzaba bifite abaperezida bashya mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

U Rwanda ruyobowe na Kagame Paul wagiye kuri uyu mwaka mu 2000 ubwo yari ayoboye inzibacyuho, atorwa mu 2003 nk’Umukuru w’Igihugu. Ubu ari kuyobora manda ya gatatu nyuma y’amatora ya kamarampaka yasabye ko yongezwa indi manda y’imyaka irindwi, izarangira mu 2024. Ubwo yari yitabiriye inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yabereye i Doha muri Qatar hagati mu Ukuboza 2019, yigaga ku gushakira ibisubizo ibibazo bibangamiye isi, Perezida Kagame yavuze ko ari ah’abakiri bato kungira ngo bafate uyu mwanya mu gihe manda izaba irangiye. Yavuze ko yifuza ko umugore ari we wazamusimbura. Icyifuzo cy’uko yasimburwa n’umugore yongeye kugikomozaho mu Nama y’Igihugu y’Umushyikirano ya 17 yabaye ku wa 19 na 20 Ukuboza 2019.

“Njya nifuza rimwe ko uyu mwanya mwampaye ubukurikira uzatwarwa n’umugore, abagabo ntabwo nzi uko mubyumva.” Perezida Kagame mu Nama y’Umushyikirano.

U Burundi buyobowe na Pierre Nkurunziza wagiye kuri uyu mwanya mu 2005 nk’inzibacyuho, ayobora imyaka itanu amatora ataba. Mu 2010 ni bwo Perezida Nkurunziza yatowe bwa mbere, aba Umukuru w’Igihugu, mu 2015 arongera ariyamamaza, aratsinda gusa byateje impaka nyinshi ku batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwe kuko bavuga ko yayoboye manda eshatu kandi binyuranyije n’ibiri mu itegekonshinga. Amatora y’Umukuru w’Igihugu mu Burundi ateganywa muri uyu mwaka tariki ya 20 Gicurasi. Yatangaje inshuro zirenga imwe ko ataziyamamaza mu 2020 gusa hari abatabyemera, bakavuga ko batatungurwa no kubona yisubiyeho, akiyamamaza.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’abashinzwe umutekano mu ntara ya Gitega tariki 21 Ukuboza 2019, Perezida Nkurunziza yagize ati: “Uyu munsi mukuru ni uwa nyuma ndi kumwe namwe hano, umwaka utaha, igihe nk’iki si njye uzaba ufata ijambo, muzaba muri kwishimira intsinzi y’umukuru w’igihugu mushya.”

Kenya iyobowe na Uhuru Kenyatta wagiye kuri uyu mwanya kuva mu 2013. Manda ye ya kabiri izarangira mu 2022. Itegekonshinga rya Kenya rivuga ko Umukuru w’Igihugu yemerewe kubora manda ebyiri, imwe y’imyaka itanu n’indi y’imyaka itanu. Uhuru Kenyatta yatangaje ko asubaha ibiri mu itegekonshinga, atazarenza manda ebyiri zizarangira mu myaka ibiri iri imbere.

Kutongera kwiyamamaza kwa Uhuru kwashimangiwe na Visi Perezida wa Kenya, William Ruto uvugwaho kuba ari inshuti ye kuva kera. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na televiziyo ya NBS ikorera muri Uganda tariki ya 28 Ukuboza 2019, Ruto yavuze ko akurikije uko azi uhuru, atazica ibieteganywa n’itegekonshinga. Ati: “Uhuru azaruhuka mu 2022. Kenya izagira Perezida mushya mu 2022.”

Tanzaniya iyobowe na John Pombe Magufuli kuva mu 2015. Manda ye ya mbere irarangira muri uyu mwaka, niyiyamamaza agatsinda, iya kabiri yazarangira mu 2025. Uretse no kuba Tanzaniya ifite amateko yo kugira Abakuru b’Ibihugu batajya barenza manda, Magufuli yatangaje ko atari we wenyine ufite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora Tanzaniya. Mu nama yagiranye n’abanyamuryango b’ishyaka rya Chama Cha Mapinduzi, yavuze ko kuyobora igihugu ari akazi kavuna bityo ananiwe. Yavuze ko iri shyaka mu mateka yaryo ari uruganda rw’abayobozi beza cyane cyane Abaperezida bose bayoboye iki gihugu kuva kuri Julius Nyerere. Ngo rishobora kuvamo uzamusimbura, akamurusha no kuyobora neza. Nk’uko Uhuru yabivuze, na we ngo ntazakora ibihabanye n’itegekonshinga, ngo yiyamamarize indi manda.

“Ni ukuri dambiwe kwicara kuri uyu mwanya. Ndashaka kubabwira ko CCM rifite abantu benshi, kandi ku bwa gahunda yayo nziza yagiye ivamo abayobozi barimo ngewe. Hazaboneka undi muntu mwiza kundusha kuko ni uruganda. Ariko ndagira ngo mbasobanurire kandi mbisubiremo; aka kazi karavunnye. Kuva saa sita z’ijoro kugeza ubu ntabwo ndaryama.” Magufuli ku wa 13 Ukuboza 2019 mu nama ya CCM.

Sudani y’Epfo iyobowe na Salva Kiir kuva mu 2011 ubwo iki gihugu cyabonaga ubwigenge, kikitandukanya na Sudan yari iyobowe na Omar al Bashir. Salva Kiir azarangiza manda ebyiri mu 2021 ariko birashoboka ko we atava kuri uyu mwanya nk’uko bisanzwe ku muntu watumye igihugu kigera ku bwigenge, aho gifatwa nk’igitangiye kubakwa. Urugero rwa hafi ruri muri Tanzaniya, aho Julius Nyerere yabaye Perezida kuva mu 1964 kugeza 1985, muri Zimbabwe na ho Robert Mugabe wagize uruhare mu bwigenge bwayo, yabaye Perezida kuva mu 1987 kugeza mu 2017.

Perezida wa Uganda, Yoweri Museveni w’imyaka 75 y’amavuko yatangaje ko aziyamamariza indi manda mu 2021, akaba ari we ushobora kuzasigara ari Umukuru w’Igihugu mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Yabaye Perezida wa Uganda kuva mu 1986 mu gihe itegekonshinga rya Uganda riteganya ko manda igomba kumara imyaka itanu.

Mu buzima bwa politiki, akenshi iyo Umukuru w’Igihugu yiyamamaje ahanganye n’abandi, ni we uhabwa amahirwe yo gutsinda amatora kandi koko ni ko bigenda. Gusa hari ubwo bigora amahanga ndetse n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi kubyumva kuko akenshi bumvikana bavuga ko amajwi yibwe. Nta wahakana ko hari ubwo amajwi yibwa, ariko nta n’uwahakana ko hari aho atibwa. Amahirwe yo kongera gutorwa ahabwa usanzwe ayoboye igihugu ni yo mpa Museveni ndetse na Salva Kiir n’abandi mu gihe baba bongeye kwiyamamaza.

Kubahiriza ibiteganywa n’itegekonshinga ni urugero rwiza rutangwa n’abayobozi navuze haruguru kuko kiba ikimenyetso cyo kubaha igihugu ndetse n’abagituye ndetse n’abarishyizeho. Impamvu rikwiye kubahirizwa ni ukugira ngo hirindwe umwuka mubi hagati y’abaturage kuko ahenshi byagiye bigaragara ko iyo ritubahirijwe, bitera imvururu, umwiryane ndetse n’intambara. Gusa kandi, ingingo zimwe mu itegekonshinga zishobora guhinduka biciye mu nzira ya demukarasi, aho abaturage ari bo bahabwa umwanya, bakitorera ko zihinduka cyangwa ntizihinduke. Ikibazo cyaba ari uko umuntu umwe, itsinda ry’abantu runaka bategetse ababishinzwe kuzihindura, bya bindi bigera ku baturage bibatunguye, bagatangira kwigabiza imihanda, ingendo zihagaragara ndetse ubuzima bugatikira.