Dore impamvu RD Congo ikennye nubwo ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere

Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC) ni kimwe mu bihugu bikize cyane ku Isi mu bijyanye n’umutungo kamere, cyane cyane amabuye y’agaciro nka cobalt, umuringa, diyama, zahabu, coltan, na tin. Nyamara, ni kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane mu bijyanye n’iterambere ry’abantu, ibikorwa remezo, n’imibereho. Uyu “muvumo w’umutungo” ni ikibazo kitoroshye gifite imizi mu mateka, politiki, n’ubukungu.

Dore impamvu iki gihugu gikomeje gukena kandi gikungahaye ku mutungo kamere:

1. Umurage w’Abakoloni

Ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni b’Ababiligi (1885–1960) bwakoresheje ubugome bukabije no gusahura umutungo wa Congo. Ubukungu bwari bwarubakiwe gucukurira umutungo u Bubiligi, aho guteza imbere inganda cyangwa ibikorwa remezo.

Uburezi n’imiyoborere y’ibanze byarirengagijwe, bisiga igihugu kititeguye ubwigenge mu 1960.

2. Ruswa n’imiyoborere mibi

Nyuma y’ubwigenge, ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997) bwari buzwiho kumungwa na ruswa. We na bagenzi be basahuye amamiliyari mu kigega cy’igihugu.

Ndetse na nyuma ya Mobutu, ruswa yarakomeje. Abanyapolitiki hamwe n’amasosiyete y’amahanga akenshi yungukira mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, mu gihe abaturage baho babona inyungu nke cyangwa ntizinabagereho.

3. Amakimbirane n’umutekano muke

DRC yahuye n’amakimbirane n’intambara bimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, cyane cyane kuva Intambara ya Mbere n’iya kabiri ya Congo (1996–2003) zaba, zari zirimo ibihugu byinshi bituranye n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Imitwe y’inyeshyamba iracyakorera mu burasirazuba, akenshi igenzura kandi ikungukira ahantu hakungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro.

Inyungu ziva “mu mabuye y’agaciro” zifasha gutera inkunga inyeshyamba, bigatera umuzenguruko udashira w’ibibazo by’umutekano.

4. Gukamurwa n’amahanga

Ibigo byinshi mpuzamahanga akenshi bicukura umutungo nta ndishyi ikwiye ku gihugu.
Hariho ibibazo byinshi byamasezerano y’ubucukuzi atungukira impande zombi, kunyereza imisoro, no kwangiza ibidukikije kubera n’amabwiriza make cyangwa kugenzura.

5. Inzego zijegajega n’ibikorwa remezo

Imihanda mibi, kutagira amashanyarazi, amashuri, n’ibitaro bituma ubukungu budatera imbere birenze gucukura umutungo.

Mu gihugu hari ishoramari rito cyane mu bucukuzi bwo mu gihugu cyangwa mu nganda zongerera agaciro amabuye y’agaciro yoherezwa hanze uko yacukuwe kandi biyagabanyiriza agaciro ku isoko.

6. Kutagira ubukungu bushingiye ku bintu bitandukanye

Kwishingikiriza cyane ku mabuye y’agaciro adatunganyije ngo yongererwe agaciro bituma ubukungu bwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro.

Ubuhinzi n’inganda bikomeje kudatera imbere, nubwo Abanyekongo benshi bishingikiriza ku buhinzi kugirango babeho.

7. Ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’imibereho

Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bukunze gutera gutema amashyamba, umwanda, no kwimurwa.
Abantu benshi bakora mu birombe (cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bwa gakondo) bahura n’ibibazo, umushahara muto, kandi imirimo mibi ikoreshwa abana yabaye ibintu bisanzwe.

Nubwo rero, Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo ifite umutungo mwinshi cyane, ubucukuzi kenshi butajyanye n’igihe, ruswa, amakimbirane, n’iterambere rya ntaryo byasize abaturage benshi mu bukene.