Mu gihe benshi bibwiraga ko amasezerano y’amahoro yasinyiwe i Washington hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC mu mpera za 2025 yari agiye gutanga umusaruro, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zongeye gutungurana zifatira ibihano uruganda rwa Gasabo Gold Refinery n’abandi bayobozi n’ibigo bikorana na rwo.
Amerika ibashinja kugira uruhare mu gutwara no gutunganya zahabu iva mu bice igenzurwa na M23 mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Ariko ikibazo gikomeye ni iki: Ese ibi bihano bifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uko intambara imeze muri Kivu, cyangwa ni igice cy’umukino munini wa geopolitike Amerika irimo gukina kugira ngo irusheho kugira ijambo ku ruhererekane rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro y’ingenzi ku isi?
Ibihano bishya, ariko intego ishaje
Ntabwo ari ubwa mbere Amerika ifatira ibihano abantu cyangwa ibigo bifitanye isano n’intambara yo muri RDC.
Muri Werurwe 2026 yafatiye ibihano bamwe mu bayobozi b’ingabo z’u Rwanda, nyuma ikurikizaho abayobozi ba M23 ndetse n’aba FDLR. Ubu noneho yerekeje ku rwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ibi byerekana ko Washington yemera ko guhana abarwanyi n’abasirikare gusa bidahagije, ahubwo ikaba ishaka no gukurikirana inkomoko y’amafaranga ivuga ko afasha imitwe yitwaje intwaro gukomeza ibikorwa byayo.
Mu mvugo yoroshye, Amerika isa n’ivuga iti: “Niba tudashobora guhagarika amasasu, reka tugerageze guhagarika amafaranga ayatera inkunga.”
Ariko se amafaranga ya M23 ava muri zahabu gusa?
Aha ni ho ibintu birushaho gukomera.
Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko ikibazo cya Congo kitakemurwa n’ibihano bifatiwe uruganda rumwe cyangwa abantu bake.
Mu myaka irenga 30 ishize, imitwe yitwaje intwaro yakomeje kubaho nubwo hafatwaga ibihano byinshi. Impamvu ni uko ubukungu bw’intambara muri RDC budashingira ku ruganda rumwe cyangwa igihugu kimwe.
Hari zahabu, coltan, cassitérite, wolfram n’andi mabuye anyuzwa mu nzira zitandukanye mbere yo kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Ni yo mpamvu hari abavuga ko ibi bihano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwihariye, ariko ntibihindure cyane uko intambara imeze ku rugamba.
Kuki Amerika iri gushyira imbaraga nyinshi muri RDC ubu?
Igisubizo gishobora kuba kiri kure ya M23.
Uyu munsi isi iri mu marushanwa akomeye ku mabuye y’agaciro akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Coltan ikoreshwa muri telefoni na mudasobwa.
Cobalt ikoreshwa muri batiri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Lithium ikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu.
RDC ifite bimwe mu bubiko bunini bw’ayo mabuye ku isi.
Mu gihe Ubushinwa bumaze imyaka bugenzura igice kinini cy’isoko ry’ayo mabuye, Amerika iri gushaka uburyo bwo kurushaho kubona amasoko yizewe no kugabanya ubwishingizi bwayo ku zindi nzira.
Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cya Congo kitakiri ikibazo cy’umutekano gusa, ahubwo cyabaye n’ikibazo cy’ubukungu n’irushanwa hagati y’ibihangange.
Ese Washington iri gushyigikira Kinshasa?
Ku ruhande rumwe, Kinshasa yari imaze igihe isaba amahanga gufatira ibihano u Rwanda, irushinja gushyigikira M23.
Bityo, ibi bihano biha Perezida Félix Tshisekedi intsinzi ya dipolomasi kuko bigaragaza ko Washington yafashe iya mbere mu gukurikiza bimwe mu byo Kinshasa yasabaga.
Ariko ku rundi ruhande, Amerika yanasabye Kinshasa gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yemeye, birimo guhangana na FDLR.
Ni yo mpamvu yanafatiye ibihano bamwe mu bayobozi ba FDLR.
Ibi byerekana ko Washington ishaka kwerekana ko idashyigikiye uruhande rumwe gusa, ahubwo ishaka gushyira igitutu ku mpande zose zirebwa n’iki kibazo.
U Rwanda rwo rubibona rute?
Kigali imaze igihe ivuga ko amahanga akunze kureba ikibazo cya M23 gusa, ntarebe impamvu kivuga ko cyatumye uwo mutwe uvuka cyangwa ugakomeza kubaho.
U Rwanda rukomeza kuvuga ko ikibazo cya FDLR n’umutekano warwo bikwiye kwitabwaho kimwe n’ikibazo cya M23.
Ni ingingo yakomeje kugarukwaho na Kigali mu biganiro mpuzamahanga byinshi.
Ibi bituma bishoboka ko ibihano bishya bitazahita bihindura imyitwarire y’u Rwanda niba rutabona ibisubizo ku bibazo by’umutekano ruvuga ko rubangamiwe na byo.
Ese ibi bihano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bukungu bw’u Rwanda?
Aha ni ho hashobora kuba hari ingaruka zifatika kurushaho.
Gasabo Gold Refinery yari yamaze kuba imwe mu nganda zikomeye zitunganya zahabu mu Rwanda no mu karere. Mbere y’ibi, yari yaranafatiwe ibihano n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi mu 2025.
Iyo uruganda nk’urwo rufatiwe ibihano na Amerika, amabanki mpuzamahanga, ibigo by’ubwishingizi n’abaguzi bo ku masoko mpuzamahanga bashobora kugira impungenge zo gukorana na rwo.
Nubwo ibi bidahita bihungabanya ubukungu bwose bw’u Rwanda, bishobora gushyira igitutu ku rwego rw’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Intambara iri ku butaka bwa Congo, ariko irushanwa riri no ku mabuye y’agaciro
Nubwo Amerika ivuga ko ibi bihano bigamije guhagarika ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bufasha imitwe yitwaje intwaro, hari abasesenguzi babona ko inyuma y’iki cyemezo hashobora no kuba harimo irushanwa ry’ibihangange ku mutungo uzagira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’isi mu myaka iri imbere.
Bityo, ikibazo gikomeye si ukumenya niba ibihano bizahagarika M23 uyu munsi.
Ahubwo ni ukureba niba Amerika irimo kubaka uburyo bushya bwo kugira ijambo rikomeye ku ruhererekane rw’amabuye y’agaciro yo muri Afurika yo Hagati, mu gihe ihanganye n’Ubushinwa ku isoko ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’ejo hazaza.
Mu yandi magambo, intambara yo muri Congo ishobora kuba itakiri iy’amasasu gusa; ishobora no kuba iri mu murongo w’irushanwa ry’ibihangange ku mutungo uzagira uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’ikinyejana cya 21.
