Tariki ya 20 Ukwakira 2011 ni bwo uwahoze ari Perezida wa Libya, Col. Muammar Qaddafi yiciwe mu mujyi wa Sirte yavukiyemo nyuma y’igitutu gikomeye yashyirwagaho n’abarwanya ubutegetsi bwe, amahanga n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, asabwa kwegura. Mu myaka 9 ishize yishwe, hari benshi bakimufata nk’intwari ndetse n’abandi benshi bakimufata nk’ikigwari.
Abakurikiranye imikorere n’imitegekere ya Col. Qaddafi mu myaka 42 yamaze ku butegetsi, bamubona nk’umuntu waharaniye ubwigenge n’ukwigira kwa Libya n’umugabane w’Afurika ariko kandi akanengerwa kwanga urunuka ibihugu bikomeye ku Isi, kuri ubu bifatwa nk’ibitegeka uyu mubumbe, ndetse n’ubwicanyi bwaranze ingabo ze ubwo yangaga kuva ku butegetsi.
Mu gihe Col. Qaddafi yari ku butegetsi, Libya cyari igihugu cyihagazeho muri Afurika no ku Isi muri rusange. Nta nguzanyo z’amahanga cyagiraga, abaturage bafashwaga kubona iby’ibanze bikenerwa mu buzima ku buntu. Muri icyo gihe, ni bbwo Umunya-Libya yashoboraga kwiga kugeza muri Kaminuza yishyuriwe na leta, yashoboraga guhabwa inzu y’ubuntu ifite agaciro k’amadolari 50,000 mu gihe agiye gushinga urugo, leta yahembaga buri wese wabyaye amadolari amayero agera ku 3400.
Libya kandi yafashaga ibihugu bitandukanye muri Afurika mu buryo bw’inkunga n’inguzanyo, bigera aho Muammar Qaddafi yifuza ko uyu mugabane washinga ikigega cy’imari cyazajya gitanga inguzanyo ku bihugu binyamuryango. Iki cyagombaga kujya gikora inshingano nk’iz’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga, IMF (International Monetary Fund) kimaze iminsi kigoboka ibihugu byugarijwe n’icyorezo cya Covid-19.
Mu bihugu bikomeye ku Isi, Col. Qaddafi yari yarafashwe nk’icyigomeke, bimushinja gutera inkunga imitwe y’iterabwoba nka Al Qaeda, yagiye igaba ibitero mu bihugu nk’u Budage na Israël.
Byageze aho Bettino Caraxi wari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Butaliyani mu myaka y’1980 ashinja Col. Qaddafi uruhare rukomeye mu gitero abitwaje intwaro bagabye ku kabyiniro kitwa ‘La Belle’ kari gaherereye mu mujyi wa Berlin mu Budage tariki ya 5 Mata 1986, kikagwamo Abanyamerika 2, abandi bagera kuri 200 bagakomerekeramo. Iki gitero cyabaye imbarutso Operasiyo El Dorado Canyon yakozwe nyuma y’iminsi 10 iki gitero kibaye; iyo ikaba yaragombaga guhitana Qaddafi.
Urupfu rwa Muammar Qaddafi
Mu masaha y’ikigoroba tariki ya 20 Ukwakira 2011, Col. Qaddafi wari ukomeje kotswa igitutu n’abasirikare bigometse ku butegetsi, yahunganye n’umugaba Mukuru w’ingabo, Abu-Bakr Yunis, Mansour Dhao wari komanda w’abarinzi be n’abandi basirikare yizeraga cyane. Bose bagiye mu mujyi wa Sirte mu modoka zigera kuri 75.
Ingabo za NATO zakurikiranye uyu murongo w’imodoka zarimo Col. Qaddafi, zikoresheje icyogajuru, zitegura kuzirasa zose gusa ngo ntizari zizi ko nyirubwite arimo, “zagenderaga ku mahame ya UN yo kurasa icyo ari cyo cyose cyateza ibyago”. Indege ya NATO yarashe imodoka 21 ku nshuro ya mbere, haza kugaragara indi y’Abafaransa yo mu bwoko bwa Mirage 2000D yakomeje kurasa kuri izi modoka, itwika izindi 11.
Aho muri Sirte, Muammar Qaddafi n’abandi bari basigaranye bagiye kwihisha mu nzu iri hafi y’aho imodoka zabo zarasiwe gusa ntibari bazi ko abasirikare bigometse ku butegetsi bwe bahashinze imizi.
Nyuma yo kumenya ko nta mutekano uri muri Sirte, Muammar Qaddafi n’ingabo yari asigaranye ngo bihishe mu ihombo ry’amazi, gusa aho ngaho abasirikare bigometse ku butegetsi bwe barahamusanze, bamwica urupfu rw’agashinyaguro nk’uko amashusho yagiye hanze yabigaragaje.
Muganga wapimye umurambo we, yatangaje ko Col. Qaddafi yajombaguwe ibyuma ku mubiri wose (hari n’ibyo yatewe mu kibuno), nyuma aza kuraswa amasasu yo kumunogonora ubwo yaviriranaga amaraso menshi.
Nyuma y’urupfu rwe Col. Qaddafi, muri Libya bari mu marira
Libya yasubiye inyuma mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuzima nyuma y’urupfu rwa Muammar Qaddafi, itakaza ibyinshi byiza n’umudendezo abaturage bari bafite, aho bishobora kuzayitwara igihe kinini kugira ngo abayobozi bayo bazibe icyuho yasize, ndetse hari n’ababifata nk’ibitazashoboka.
Muri Libya, abaturage bararira, bicuza icyatumye bashyigikira abasirikare bigometse ku butegetsi bwa Col. Qaddafi, barwaniraga kubumuvanaho. Ubu muri iki gihugu, haracyari abasirikare bakigendana intimba batewe n’urupfu rwe, bamwe muri bo bishushanyije ishusho ye ku mibiri yabo.
Guhera mu 2019, Libya yaranzwe n’intambara yeruye yashojwe na Gen. Khalifa Haftar wari inshuti y’akadasohoka ya Col. Qaddafi, aho ashaka gufata ubutegetsi bw’iki gihugu, akabusubiza nk’uko bwahoze, igihugu kigasubira mu buzima bwiza cyahozemo. Abakurikiranira imigenzereze ya Haftar, bahamya ko iyi ntambara yatangiye kuyitegura nyuma y’urupfu rwa Qaddafi, aho yatangiye gushaka inkunga zirimo intwaro mu bihugu nk’u Burusiya.
