Abaherwe 10 ba mbere babayeho mu mateka, abatunze imitungo itabarika bayobowe n’Umunyafurika

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Kuri ubu bizwi ko ku Isi abantu babiri ba mbere bakize ku Isi ari Elon Musk ubarirwa miliyari zisaga 200$ na Jeff Bezos ukabakaba 200, ariko ntabwo ari bo baherwe ba mbere babayeho ku Isi kuko hari abatunze amafaranga udashobora gutekereza kugeza ubu nk’uko tugite kubibona mu rutonde dukesha India Times rw’abantu 10 bakize kurusha abandi babayeho mu mateka.

1. Mansa Musa (1280-1337) – umutungo utabarika

Mansa Moussa wategekaga Ubwami Bugari (Empire) bwa Mali, wabayeho kuva mu 1280 kugeza mu 1337 afatwa nk’umuntu ukize kurusha abandi mu bihe byose. Mu by’ukuri, ymenye ukuntu yakwigarurira Timbuktu akagura ubwami bwe muri Niger n’inzira z’ingenzi z’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya Sahara. Yatunze ibirombe bya zahabu bya Bambuk byavuyemo 50% bya zahabu iboneka ku Isi uyu munsi.

Mu rugendo rwe i Macca, Mansa yajyanye abantu 60.000, buri wese yikoreye ibiro hafi 2 bya zahabu, hamwe n’ingamiya nyinshi, zikoreye hafi kg 125 buri imwe, kugira ngo agabanye umutungo abakene n’imisigiti mu nzira yanyuzemo.

Urugendo rwo kujya i Macca ni imwe mu nkingi eshanu z’ingenzi z’ubuyisilamu, Mansa Musa rero yahisemo kurutangira mu 1324-1325. Ariko, Ntabwo byari bimeze nk’izindi ngendo zose zigeze zibaho. Musa yahinduye inzira yerekeza i Macca akoresheje zahabu maze ashyira ubwami bwe ku ikarita.

2. Augustus Caesar (63 BC-AD 14) – Tiliyari 4.6$

Augustus yimye ingoma y’Abaroma kuva mu mwka wa 27 mbere ya Yesu kugeza mu wa 14 nyuma ya Yesu, nyuma y’urupfu rwa se Julius Sezari. Yari umwe mu bayobozi bitwaye neza bayoboye ihinduka rya Roma iva muri republika ihinduka ubwami bugari. Niwe muntu wihishe inyuma ya Pax Romana kandi yashoboye kwigarurira imbaraga z’ubwami nabwo bwabarirwaga 25-30% bya GDP y’Isi muri kiriya gihe. Byongeye kandi, yashoboraga kwiringira umutungo bwite wa tiriyari 4,6$.

3. Akbar I (1542-1605) – Umutungo utabarika

Akbar I, azwi kandi ku izina rya Akbar the great, yari umwami w’Umuhinde wa gatatu w’Abami b’Abamogali, kuva mu 1556 kugeza mu wa 1605. Ubutaka bwe bwanganaga na hafi y’u Buhinde bwa none kandi bwari butunze 25% by’umusaruro mbumbe (GDP) w’Isi. Ubwami bw’Abamugali bwakoreshaga uburyo bwo gusoresha ubutaka kugirango bwizigame. Aya mafaranga y’imisoro ariko yagize uruhare mu gukungahara kwe aho bivugwa ko ubukungu bwe butashoboraga kubarwa.

4. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) – Miliyari 372$

Umunyemari ukomoka mu gihugu cya Ecosse akaba n’umugiraneza, Andrew Carnegie yubatse umutungo we mu kinyejana cya 19 aza gupfa mu 1919.

Andrew Carnegie yasigiye iby’inganda za peteroli undi muherwe witwa Rockefeller yibanda ku nganda z’ibyuma ashinga Carnegie Steel Company. Umutungo we ugera kuri miliyari 372 z’amadolari y’icyo gihe.

N’ubutunzi bwe, yubatse amasomero rusange muri Amerika. Mu maso ye, byari ngombwa gushora imari mu bumenyi kandi yaninjije miliyoni icumi z’amadorari mu burezi bw’Abanyamerika. Abuzukuruza ba Carnegie uyu munsi bageze no mu Rwanda aho bashinze Kaminuza yitwa Carnegie Mellon University mu 2012.

Mbere y’uko apfa, Carnegie yamaze imyaka mike y’ubuzima bwe nk’umugiraneza (philanthropist) kandi atanga 90% by’umutungo we mu bikorwa by’ubugiraneza, za kaminuza ndetse n’indi miryango.

5. John D Rockefeller (1839-1937) – Miliyari 341$

Mu kinyejana cya 20, uyu muherwe uzwi cyane hamwe n’umutunzi mu bijyanye na peteroli, John Davison Rockefeller yagenzuye 90% bya “zahabu yumukara” (Amavuta, peteroli). Yapfuye mu 1937 afite imyaka 97. Yashinze Standard Oil Company (uruganda rutunganya ibikomoka kuri peteroli) muri Amerika. Muri icyo gihe yari afite 90% by’amavuta yose. Isosiyete yagabanyijwemo izindi business nto 34 . Muri izo izigihari wavuga nka ExxonMobil, Chevron na BP.

John D. Rockefeller nawe niwe mugabo wa mbere wakusanyije miliyari imwe. Ukusanyije, umutungo we, ushobora kugera kuri miliyari 341 z’amadolari.

Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi yose, yakoresheje amafaranga menshi ku mpamvu nziza kandi ashora miliyoni 250 z’amadolari mu ishyirahamwe rye bwite, Fondation Rockefeller.

6. Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov (1868-1918) – Miliyari 300$