Umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana nyuma yo kwemera amasezerano na FPR Inkotanyi

Iyari Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya jenoside, CNLG (ubu inshingano zayo zimuriwe muri Minisiteri y’Ubumwe n’inshingano mboneragihugu, MINUBUMWE), isobanura mu buryo burambuye uko jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda.

Mu nyandiko y’impapuro 450 iri ku rubuga rwa MINUBUMWE, ikubiyemo inyandiko zitandukanye, ubuhamya ndetse n’ibyatangajwe n’ibinyamakuru, CNLG igaragaza ko mbere y’uko jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishyirwa mu bikorwa, hari abateguraga umugambi wo kwica uwari Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana ubwo yari yemeye isinywa ry’amasezerano ya Arusha hagati ya Leta na FPR Inkotanyi.

Amagambo ya CNLG kuri uyu mugambi

Nyuma y’aho Perezida Habyarimana yemeye isinywa ry’amasezerano hagati ya Leta ayoboye na RPF-Inkotanyi mu rwego rwo kugabana ubutegetsi hashyirwaho guverinoma y’inzibacyuho, intagondwa z’Abahutu cyane cyane abari bahuriye mu gatsiko kitwa “Amis de l’Alliance”, barwanije ayo masezerano, bashakisha uko bavanaho Habyarimana mu buryo bwose bushoboka (M, 2016).

Kwica Perezida Habyarimana byagombaga kujyana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi kugira ngo Abahutu b’intagondwa bagume ku butegetsi. (Raporo Mutsinzi, 2009 :184).

Umwanditsi Duparquier avuga ko Kanziga afatanije n’abo bafitanye isano rya hafi bashatse kwica Habyarimana mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1992 nyuma yo kumenya ko Habyarimana yemeye isinywa ry’amasezerano ya Arusha yo ku wa 30 Ukwakira 1992, ajyanye no kugabana ubutegetsi na RPF-Inkotanyi hashyirwaho guverinoma y’inzibacyuho (Gouvernement de Transition à Base Elargie).

CNLG ivuga ko Agata Kanziga, Protais Zigiranyirazo, Colonel Elie Sagatwa, na Colonel Bagosora bakoze inama igamije gukuraho Habyarimana, ibyo bigakorwa yishwe. Duparquier avuga ko ibyo kwica Habyarimana byagombaga kujyana n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi nyuma bagashyiraho undi muntu umusimbura (Duparquier, 2010, p.188, footnote 11).

Agata Kanziga na basaza be harimo Colonel Elie Sagatwa na Protais Zigiranyezo, bashakaga ko uwasimbura Habyarimana yaba uwitwa Dr. Bararengana Seraphin (umuganga), umuvandimwe wa Habyarimana, akaba n’intagondwa y’umuhutu w’umuhezanguni wangaga Abatutsi, naho Colonel Bagosora akifuza ko ari we waba Perezida (Duparquier, 2010, p.188, footnote 11).

Ibyo rero byateje kutumvikana hagati yabo bituma umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana usubikwa. Ibitekerezo bya Habyarimana byari bitandukanye n’iby’Abahutu b’intagondwa kuko bo batashakaga kugabana ubutegetsi n’Abatutsi no gutakaza imyanya bari basanzwemo (R.M, 2016).

Nk’uko umutangabuhamya Richard Mugenzi avuga mu gitabo cyanditswe na Dupaquier, nyuma y’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha yo ku wa 30 Ukwakira 1992,
intagondwa z’ Abahutu zirimo Colonel Théonetse Bagosora, Colonel Elie Sagatwa, Lieutenant Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva na Zigiranyirazo Protais ntibari bagihuje umurongo wa politiki na Habyarimana (Dupaquier 2010: 189).

Nyuma yo kumenya ko hari agatsiko k’intagondwa kadashyigikiye amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha ajyanye no kugabana ubutegetsi, Habyarimana yavuze muri
disikuru ye yo ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 1992 mu nama 217 yabereye mu Ruhengeri, ko amasezerano ya Arusha hagati ya Leta ayoboye na RPF ari nk’impapuro zidafite icyo zivuze (chiffon de papier) ko nta mpamvu yo kuyakurikiza.

Perezida Habyarimana yabivuze ashaka kwereka agatsiko k’intagondwa zidashyigikiye amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha ko yifatanije nazo kugira ngo abagaruremo icyizere (Dupaquier 2010 : 191).

Abatangabuhamya batandukanye bavuga ko Abahutu b’intagondwa cyane cyane abo mu ishyaka rya CDR bavugaga ko Perezida Habyarimana ari we utinza umugambi wabo wo kurimbura Abatutsi, ko igihe Habyarimana azaba atagihari, umugambi wabo uzashyirwa mu bikorwa (AE &AG, 2014).

Ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya biruzuzanya n’ibyavuzwe n’umwanditsi Dupaquier aho avuga ko mu nama yo kuwa 21 Ugushyingo 1992 yabereye ahitwa Butotori, Bagosora yavuze ko Habyarimana yabaye “tolerant” ko adashobora gukomeza kurebera. Yasabye abari baje mu nama kwitegura mu buryo bwose kugira ngo bikize umwanzi mbere y’uko bicwa ( Dupaquier (2010 : 197, foot note 21).

Iminsi yakurikiyeho, tariki 8 Mutarama 1993 ubwo yari yagiye mu nama yo gushyira umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, Colonel Théoneste Bagosora yasohotse mu nama ageze hanze avuga ko asubiye i Kigali gutegura imperuka ku Batutsi (Raporo Mutsinzi 2009:12).

Umutangabuhamya Lieutenant Jean de Dieu Tuyisenge uvugwa muri Raporo Mutsinzi avuga ko umugambi wo kwica Perezida Habyarimana watangiye kumenyekana uhereye muri Gashyantare 1994 bikozwe na bamwe bari bagize agatsiko AMASASU kagizwe n’Abahutu b’abahezanguni barwanyaga imishyikirano n’amasezerano
y’amahoro y’Arusha.

Tuyisenge avuga ko yasabwe n’uwari umuyobozi we Colonel Elie Sagatwa kuneka (sondage) no kumenya ibitekerezo by’abasirikare bakuru mu gihe umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana washyirwa mu bikorwa, hakanafungwa bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’ingabo (Raporo Mutsinzi: 22).

Muri ubwo buhamya yanavuze ko nyuma yo kuneka yasanze hari abandi basirikare bakuru bafatanije na Colonel Sagatwa mu mugambi wo kwica Habyarimana
(Raporo Mutsinzi: 22) .

Umugambi wo kwica Habyarimana wagiye uvugwa mu binyamakuru bitandukanye, nka Nyiramacibiri, RTLM n’ibindi. Ikinyamakuru Nyiramacibiri mu nimero yacyo
ya gatanu, cyavugaga ku ntambara irimo itutumba mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 1994, ko nta muntu uzayirokoka (« Qui survivra à la guerre de mars ? (…) Les masses vont se
soulever avec l’aide de l’armée et le sang coulera librement » (Raporo Mutsinzi: 21).

Iki kinyamakuru cyavugaga ku iyicwa rya Habyarimana rizakurikirwa n’imivu y’amaraso. Umunyamakuru wa RTLM, Hitimana Noel nawe yavuze ko hagati y’itariki 3 n’iya 4 Mata 1994 hitezwe “akantu”.

Mu buryo bweruye, Colonel Théoneste Bagosora yavuze ko atazigera yemera ibikubiye mu masezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha, kandi ko Habyarimana naramuka avuye mu gihugu, azapfa kubera ko indege izaraswa, anongera ho ko urupfu rwe rukazakurikirwa n’iyicwa ry’ Abatutsi (Raporo Mutsinzi: 26).

Inama ijyanye n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha yabereye Tanzaniya, Daresalamu, ku wa 6 Mata 1994 yitabirwa n’abakuru b’ibihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda wongeyeho uwa Kenya. Umukuru w’igihugu wa Zayire ntiyabonetse muri iyo nama.

Mu ntangiriro y’inama, Perezida Habyarimana yavuze ko imbogamizi zoze zavuyeho zatumaga amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha adashyirwa mu bikorwa, ko ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano bizatangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa akimara kugera i Kigali (Raporo Mutsinzi, 2009: 38).

Mu mugoroba wo ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1994 inama irangiye, Perezida Habyarimana yagarutse i Kigali, indege yari arimo irasirwa mu kirere cyegereye ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali.

Raporo yakozwe n’abacamanza b’abafaransa, Marc Trevidic na Nathalie Poux yemeza ko indege y’uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda, Juvenal Habyarimana yarasiwe mu kirere cy’kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe, igwa mu busitani inyuma y’urugo rwe (Rapport d’expertise, 2012).

Iki kigo cyagenzurwaga n’abasirikare b’aba parakomando bari bakuriwe na Major Aloys Ntabakuze (Affaire no ICTR-98-41-T, par. 61).