Loni ivuga ko “kwemera leta cyangwa guverinoma nshya ari igikorwa ibindi bihugu na guverinoma byonyine bishobora gukora. Kandi, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe ntibiremerwa ku mugaragaro ku Isi. Hano twabatoranyirije ibihugu bimwe bitari byaba abanyamuryango ba Loni.
Ubundi se igihugu ni iki?
Ntibyoroshye gusubiza iki kibazo gisa nk’icyoroshye. Kubera ko igitekerezo cy’igihugu kidasobanutse. Iyo ushakishije igisobanuro gisobanutse, buri gihe ubona imyihariko n’ibitekerezo bitandukanye. Ingingo ya 1 y’amasezerano ya Montevideo yo mu 1933 isobanura leta igendeye ku bintu bine: abaturage bahoraho, ubutaka busobanutse, guverinoma n’ubushobozi bwo kugirana umubano n’ibindi bihugu.
Ku Isi hari ibihugu bihangahe?
Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika, Travelers Century Club ryashyize ahagaragara ibihugu 329. Kugera kuri uyu mubare, ishyirahamwe ryakoresheje ibipimo 7 (guverinoma, ingingo ya sogokuru, ubwigenge, n’ibindi). Rero, kuri iri shyirahamwe, Guyana y’Infaransa, Mayotte, Saint-Barthélemy na Alaska ni ibihugu.
Muri 2020, ibihugu 193 byari bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye (UN). Kuri uyu mubare, ushobora kongeraho ibihugu bine byemewe na Loni ariko bitari abanyamuryango (Leta ya Palesitine, Ibirwa bya Cook, Niue na Vatikani). Kubw’ibyo, urashobora kuvuga ko hari ibihugu 197 byemewe ku mugaragaro ku Isi.
Dore ibihugu 8 mu bitaremerwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye
Ossétia y’Epfo-Alanie
Mu 2017, Anatoli Bibilov yabaye Perezida mushya wa Repubulika ya Ossétie y’Epfo. Uwo munsi iyi leta yahise inahindura izina yitwa Ossétie y’Epfo-Alanie. Nyamara ariko inzego mpuzamahanga ntabwo zemera iyi leta igihugu cya Georgia gifata nk’imwe muntara zacyo.
Repubulika ya Abkhazie
Repubulika ya Abkhazia iherereye ku nkombe z’Inyanja Yirabura kandi irwanirwa n’u Burusiya na Georgia, yemerwa n’ibihugu bike ku Isi. Mu gihe iki gihugu cyatangaje ubwigenge mu 1992, kariya gace karacyabarizwa muri Georgia.
Ariko, kubera gukoresha ifaranga ry’u Burusiya (Ruble) nk’ifaranga ryemewe no kuba hari ibirindiro bya gisirikare by’u Burusiya, Repubulika ya Abkhazia isa nk’aho yometse ku Burusiya.
Repubulika ya Cyarabu iharanira Demokarasi ya Sahara
Repubulika ya Cyarabu iharanira Demokarasi ya Sahara ni igice cya Maroc, cyangwa ni igihugu cyigenga? Kuva mu 1976, Espagne ivuye muri kariya karere, nta referendum kuri iki kibazo yigeze ibaho. Ku ruhande rumwe, Maroc ifata kariya gace nk’intara yayo. Ku rundi ruhande, umutwe wa Polisario washinzwe mu 1973, watangaje ubwigenge bwa Repubulika ya Cyarabu iharanira Demokarasi ya Sahara.
Nyamara, hafi ya 80% by’ubutaka bugenzurwa na Maroc naho ubundi bukagenzurwa na Polisario. Urukuta rw’umucanga rutandukanya ibice byombi. Nubwo bimeze gutyo ku rundi ruhande, kuva mu 1982, iyi Repubulika ni umunyamuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe, ariko ntiremerwa na benshi mu banyamuryango ba Loni.
Repubulika ya Artsakh (iyahoze ari Haut-Karabagh)
Ni intara iherereye hagati ya Arménia na Azerbaïdjan. Iyi ntara yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo yigobotora Azerbaïdjan mu 1991. Icyakurikiyeho, ni intambara yahitanye abantu 30,000 mbere yo gusinya amasezerano yo kuyihagarika muri Gicurasi 1994.
Mu 2017 nibwo Repubulika ya Haut-Karabagh yahinduye izina yiyita Repubulika ya Artsakh, izina ry’iyahoze ari intara yo mu Bwamo bwa Arménia. Uyu munsi, nta munyamuryango wa Loni n’umwe wemera ubwigenge bwayo.
Repubulika ya Catalogne
Ikibazo cy’ubwigenge bwa Catalogne ni inkuru ishaje. Kugeza mu kinyejana cya 18, Abanya-Catalogne bari bafite inteko ishinga amategeko yabo. Mu kinyejana cya 20, Catalogne nabwo yagize inteko ishinga amategeko yayo inshuro ebyiri. Ku itariki 6 Ukwakira 1934, Lluis Companys, Perezida wa guverinoma ya Catalogne, yatangaje ubwigenge. Ariko, amasaha 10 gusa yari ahagije ngo igisirikare cya Espagne gisubize ibintu uko byari bimeze. Kuri ubu, Catalogne ifite kwishyira kwizana runaka (nk’aho ifite imikorere y’urwego rw’ubuzima yayo, igipolisi cyayo), ariko kuri bamwe ntibihagije.
Ni muri urwo rwego, mu Gushyingo 2014, miliyoni zisaga 2 z’Abanya-Catalogne batangaje ko bakeneye ubwigenge bwa Catalogne, ariko Urukiko Rukuru rwa Espagne rwemeza ko iyo referandumu yakozwe binyuranyije n’amategeko.
Repubulika ya Kosovo
Kuwa 17 Gashyantare 2008, Repubulika ya Kosovo yatangaje ubwigenge bwayo. Ryari iherezo ry’isenyuka rya Yougoslavia. Imyaka ibiri nyuma yaho, Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rw’Ubutabera, rwemeje ubwo bwigenge. Mu Isi kandi, ibihugu 170 byamaze kwemera ku mugaragaro cyangwa bitari ku mugaragaro iyo leta nshya.
Ndetse, Abanyakosovo bafite passports zabo ndetse hari na guverinoma. Ariko ikibazo ni: Kuki Repubulika ya Kosovo itaraba umunyamuryango wa Loni? Kugeza ubu, kwakirwa kwayo ntikuravugwaho rumwe kubera u Burusiya n’u Bushinwa bitayemera.
Repubulika ya Chypre ya Ruguru
Chypre yahoze ikolonijwe n’u Bwongereza, yabonye ubwigenge ku itariki 16 Kanama 1960. Iki gihugu kiganjemo abaturage bakomoka mu Bugereki no muri Turkiya bivugwa ko bamaze imyaka n’imyaka mu makimbirane. Mu 1964, Loni yanoherejeyo ingabo zayo guhagarika ayo makimbirane yari akomeje gufata intera.
Muri Nyakanga 1974, habayeho kugerageza guhirika perezida wari uriho hagamijwe komeka iki gihugu ku Bugereki, biba ngombwa ko Igisirikare cya Turkiya kibyivangamo kivuga ko gitabaye Abanya-Chypre bakomoka muri Turkiya.
Mu 1983 nibwo hatangajwe ubwigenge bwa Repubulika Nyanturkiya ya Chypre ya Ruguru ariko yemewe gusa na Turkiya.
Taïwan
Repubulika y’u Bushinwa n’iya Taiwan buri imwe avuga ko ihagarariye u Bushinwa. Impande zombi ziyitirira ubutaka bw’urundi ruhande. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe n’iyi nkuru, ugomba gusubira mu 1949. Muri uwo mwaka, abenegihugu b’Abashinwa bari bashyigikiye demokarasi aho gushyigikira Communism batsinzwe intambara maze bahatirwa guhunga berekeza ku Kirwa cya Taiwan kiri mu burasirazuba bw’u Bushinwa. Muri icyo gihe, Repubulika y’u Bushinwa yashinzwe i Beijing ku ya 1 Ukwakira.
Kugeza mu 1971, icyicaro cy’u Bushinwa muri Loni cyari gifitwe na Taiwan. Ariko, ku cyemezo 2758, Inteko rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yemeye ko Repubulika ya Rubanda y’u Bushinwa ari yo yonyine ihagarariye u Bushinwa muri Loni. Kuva icyo gihe, ibihugu byinshi bigize Umuryango w’Abibumbye ntibyemera Taiwan nk’igihugu.
Source: legarsvoyage.com
