Sylvanus Épiphanio Olympio yavutse ku itariki ya 6 Nzeri 1902. Yari umunyapoliti wo muri Togo, aba Minisitiri, nyuma aba Perezida guhera mu 1958 kugeza yishwe muri Nyakanga 1963.
Olympio yaturukaga mu muryango ukomeye cyane witwa Olympio, wavagamo na nyirarume Octaviano Olympio, umwe mu bakire babayeho mu myaka 1990 muri Togo.
Sylvanus yize amashuri ye muri Togo, maze amashuri yisumbuye ayakomereza mu Bwongereza yiga ibijyanye n’ubucuruzi, ahavana impamyabushobozi y’icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza. Yavugaga indimi enye: Icyongereza, Igifaransa, Igi-Portugal n’Ikidage.
Nyuma y’aho Olympio yinjiye muri politiki mu 1946, atorerwa kuyobora ishyaka CUT (Le Comité de l’Unité Togolaise) ryaharaniraga kwigenga kw’iki gihugu. Muri iyo myaka, Umuryango w’Abibumbye watangiye gusaba ko u Bufaransa buha Togo ubwigenge.
Umuryango w’Abibumbye wasabye ishyaka rya Olympio gutegura umunsi w’ubwigenge, maze ku itariki 27 Mata 1960 babona ubwigenge.
Olympio ni umwe mu bagize uruhare rukomeye cyane kugira ngo Togo ibone ubwigenge ndetse atorerwa no kuba Perezida nyuma yuko bari bamaze kubona ubwigenge.
Ni we wakorewe coup d’etat bwa mbere muri Afurika
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 12 Kamena 1963, abagabo batandatu bazengurutse urugo rwa Olympio rwari rufite abarinzi babiri. Yatangiye kumva urusaku rudasanzwe hafi n’urugi maze arasimbuka aciye mu idirishya maze ahingukira muri ambasade ya Amerika.
Kuri iyi Ambasade, Olympio yahasanze imodoka yari ifunguye maze ayinjiramo arihisha. Mu rukerera umuyobozi wa Ambasade ya Amerika, Leon B. Poullada yagiye ku kazi ahasanga itsinda ry’abagabo bari barinze irembo biramutungura kuko ubusanzwe ntabwo kuri ambasade habaga abarinzi, kuko harindwaga n’umuntu umwe (umuzamu). Yahise asubira mu rugo.
Ahagana saa moya z’igitondo, Olympio wari wambaye agakabutura gato kagera hejuru y’amavi, yagiye ku mbuga ya ambasade ya Amerika, nta n’intwaro afite, yisanga azengurutse n’abamugabyeho igitero, baramwica.
Ni yo coup d’etat ya mbere yari ibaye mu bihugu byahoze bikolonizwa n’Abafaransa, Abongereza no mu bihugu byari bimaze kubona ubwigenge hagati y’umwaka w’1950 n’1960. Muri iyo minsi inkuru yo muri Togo yavuzwe cyane muri Afurika kuko iki gikorwa kitari gisanzwe.
Bivugwa ko uwamusimbuye, Etienne Eyadéma wayoboye iki gihugu kuva mu 1967 kugera mu 2005 ari we wamwishe.
Niyobuhungiro David
