Bitewe n’ibikorwa bya bamwe mu banyapolitiki bavuga ko batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho mu bihugu bya Afurika, ahanini usanga ibyo banenga abari ku butegetsi na bo ubwabo babufashe ahubwo badobya byinshi bitewe no guhuzagurika baba bagaragaza, si hose, ariko abakunze kwigaragaza muri uru ruhando baca amarenga yo kunanirwa ntaho baragera.
Duhereye muri Kenya, Ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2017, wari umunsi Afurika n’isi yose muri rusange, byari bihanze amaso ku matora yo gusubirwamo muri Kenya.
Ni nyuma y’aho ku wa 08 Kanama muri iki gihugu giherereye muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba hari habaye amatora ya Perezida wa Republika, amatora ubusanzwe indorerezi zitandukanye zirimo na John Kerry wigeze kuba umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika , igihugu gifite igihagararo gihambaye mu bya demokrasi , zari zatangaje ko ayo matora yari yagenze neza cyane.
Nyamara mu gihe gito cyakurikiye ayo matora ,abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bahise bisunga ubucamanza batanga ikirego, aho Urukiko rukuru rwa Kenya rwanzuye ko amatora azasubirwamo , ku busabe bw’itsinda NASA [ National Super Alliance ], riyobowe na Raila Odinga .
Ibi ni ibintu byabaye nk’ibitunguranye kuko bitari byitezwe, cyane cyane ko muri Kenya ubutegetsi bwari bwatangiye gutegura imihango yo kurahira kw’uwari wegukanye amajwi menshi ku kigero cya 54.17 % , mu gihe uwo bari bahanganye Raila Odinga yari yagize 44.94 % .
Ni mu gihe kandi ubutumwa bwifuriza ishya n’ihirwe Uhuru Kenyatta bwari bukomeje gucicikana, abayobozi batandukanye ku isi bamwohererezaga ubutumwa bwo kumwifuriza imirimo myiza, nyamara ibintu bihindura isura.
1.Opozosiyo mu marembera ku mugabane wa Afurika, biraca amarenga
Hari ku wa 20 Kamena 1990 , ubwo muri Komini ya La Baule-Escoublac hateraniraga inama yari ihuje ibihugu bya Afurika n’u Bufaransa ku nshuro ya 16 , inama yari ihuje abakuru b’ibihugu bikabakaba 37.
Ikintu abantu bakagombye kumenya, ni uko n’ubusanzwe imitegekere ishingiye ku mashyaka cyangwa imitwe ya politiki irenze umwe si igitekerezo bwite cyaturitse ku Banyafurika ubwabo.
Muri iyo nama kandi uwari Perezida w’u Bufaransa bwari bwanayakiriye , Bwana Francois Mitterrand yafashe ijambo agira ati “Inkubi y’umuyaga w’uburenganzira bwa buri wese yahushye uburasirazuba bw’isi, ntizazigama n’amajyepfo yayo uko byagenda kose […] Nta majyambere cyangwa Demokarasi , kandi nta Demokarasi nta majyambere”.
Kuva ubwo igihugu cy’u Bufaransa cyahise gitangaza ko kizareka gutera inkunga igihugu cyose cya Afurika kitazashyira mu ngamba zacyo uburyo bw’imitegekere myiza [ Bonne Gouvernance ] ,ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi .
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Nguko uko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi yahinze igahindira,mu Rwanda hari hasanzwe ishyaka rya MRND ,kuva kuwa 05 Nyakanga 1974 ,kugeza bwo n’andi mashyaka nka PSD ,MDR,PL n’andi yazaga mu .
Muri Republika Iharanira Demokrasi ya Congo , icyo gihe yari Zaire, ku ngoma ya Marechal Mobutu Sese Seko ,nibwo imitwe ya politiki irimo amashyaka nka UDPS ya Etienne Tshisekedi yadukaga , n’ahandi muri Afurika hari higanje ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’Igifaransa ibintu byabaye nk’ibihindura isura.
Muri ibyo bihe, amazina nk’irya Tschisekedi muri Zaire yadukaga , ni nabwo mu Rwanda byacikaga ,amazina y’abanyapolitiki nka Faustin Twagiramungu wiyitaga Rukokoma aramenyekana, abandi nka Nduhungirehe Chrysostome , Felicien Gatabazi , Ngango Felicien , Landouard Ndasingwa ,baramenyekanye , n’ubwo bamwe muri abo bose batakiriho.
2.Bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika aho opozisiyo zagiye ziyoyoka , ibintu bikaba nabi kurushaho
Uganda : Mu iki gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Uganda ,hari ubuyobozi buhuriweho n’amashyaka atandukanye, iriza ku isonga ni FDC [Forum For Democratic Change ],rikuriwe na General-Major [Rtd] Mugisha Muntu.
Ibiba ku bayobozi batandukanye batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ni agahomamunwa ,kubera kuba bahozwa mu nzu z’imbohe kenshi gashoboka , aba bakaba bakunze kugaragaramo uzwi nka Dr Col Kiiza Besigye ,ukunze kugaruka mu itangazamakuru rya Uganda cyane .
N’ubwo bwose ariko ibi bivugwa muri Uganda ,biragoye cyane kwemeza ko abanya Uganda benshi bemera uyu mugabo kurusha Yoweri Museveni, wafashe ubutegetsi mu 1986, kuva ubwo Ishyaka NRM anabereye umuyobozi ,ni naryo riyoboye iki gihugu.
Abakurikiranira ibintu hafi muri Uganda ,bavuga ko bitoroshye gutsinsura ubutegetsi bwa NRM muri Uganda , bamwe bagendera ku kuba Yoweri Museveni yaragize uruhare mu kubaka ubukungu bw’iki gihugu ,n’ubwo ibindi bice by’igihugu birimo nk’ubuzima buzira umuze muri Uganda bitasigaye inyuma.
Uganda iri mu bihugu byashoboye guhangana n’ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA ku rwego ruri hejuru cyane muri Afurika, bitandukanye cyane n’ibindi bihugu nka Zimbabwe ,aho hafi 47% usanga abaturage bayo bagendana ubwo bwandu, nyamara Uganda ikaba yaravuye kuri 15% mu myaka ya 1980 , magingo aya ubwandu bw’ako gakoko bukaba bubarizwa kuri 7.3 % muri rusange ,nkuko imibare Bwiza.com ikesha Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye muri Uganda ribitangaza ku rubuga rwa interineti rwaryo.
Kuba abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi muri Uganda kandi bahora bagaragara nk’abahuzagurika , byigaragaza nko kuba ubu imbere mu ishyaka rya FDC ,harimo amakimbirane atoroshye hagati y’umuyobozi waryo Gen. Mugisha Muntu , na Colonel Kiiza Besigye ,udakozwa ko umukuriye yiyamamaza ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu, mu gihe we bisa n’ibyamunaniye.
Ni ikibazo kigaragara mu bantu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ,aho usanga henshi abayoboye bene iyo mitwe irwanya ubutegetsi nayo itaba ari shyashya imbere mu mitegekere yayo.
Ntawabura kwibaza niba mu gihe imbere mu ishyaka ryitwa ko rirwanya ubutegetsi byaba bicika,noneho ribaye rifashe ubutegetsi hacura iki ?
Niba ku rugero rwatanzwe Dr Col. Kiiza Besigye atabasha kurekura ngo areke n’abandi barimo General Mugisha Muntu nawe ahanyanyaze, bitandukaniye he n’uko ajya ashinja mukeba we Yoweri Museveni kugundira ubutegetsi ,ko na we [ Kiiza] yigaragaza nk’uba yagundiriye ubw’imbere mu ishyaka rye .
Aha rero niho umuntu yashingira ,avuga ko opozosiyo zo muri Afurika zihuzagurika, kuko ibyo zinegura ubutegetsi, hari ubwo iyo ushishoje usanga abo batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi baba bakora amakosa aruta ayo ubutegetsi bwaba bukora.
2.Zimbawe , abagabo nka Morgan Tsvangirai wa MDC, bamaze kwibagirana mu ruhando mpuzamahanga!
Morgan Tsvangirai ni umugabo utarahwemye guharanira ko Zimbabwe yagira ubutegetsi busangiwe ,ariko biranga biramugora cyane, imyaka myinshi yahatanye ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Republika muri iki gihugu ariko biramunanira.
Guhangana n’Ishyaka ZANU PF riri ku butegetsi muri Zimbabwe byaramunaniye,ndetse uwavuga ko yabuze iturufu ikomeye yo kuba yatsimbura Robert Mugabe ,ntiyaba abeshye.
Ikibazo cya Zimbabwe kandi ntikiri aho gusa, kuko usanga uburyo abakoloni basize bwo gukandamiza Zimbabwe, nibwo ZANU PF yabashije guheraho bamamaza amatwara y’ishyaka ryabo.
MDC nayo rero ikaba itagaragaza icyo yakora muri manifesto yayo, mu rwego rwo kuba yahindura ibintu ,ariko itishingikirije ku nkunga z’abazungu, basize isura mbi muri iki gihugu.
Ni ihurizo ritoroshye kandi ,kuba waba igihugu cya Afrika ,ukavuga ko wayobora igihugu nta nkunga y’abanyaburayi n’amerika uzakoresha.
Ibitaribyo rero ,kwaba kwisuka mu baturage ,ukabasobanurira ko inkunga atari mbi ,ko icyingenzi ari ukuzikoresha mu bwubahane n’abazitanga,kandi ibi ,ishyaka rya ZANU PF ntiryabyemera kuko riba rifite abagenda bigisha ibihabanye n’ibyo.
Uko biri kose , ishyaka riharanira impinduka muri Demokarasi rya Morgan Tsvangirai , Movement For Democratic Change mu magambo arambuye y’icyongereza ,uwavuga ko ryagiye rikura nk’isabune ntiyaba abeshye ,kuko aho rigeze ubu ni ku buce ,mu gihe ryigeze kuba icyamamare bitavugwa.
Kugeza magingo aya, opozisiyo muri Zimbabwe iri mu marembera. yewe uwavuga ko nta n’ijambo igifite ntiyaba akabije, ku mpamvu kandi zo kubura gahunda ihamye yatuma abaturage bayiyumvamo.
Ibi bigaragarira aho rubanda rugera rukavuga ruti “aho gutegekwa n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bafite imigambi ikemangwa, byaruta no kwiringira ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ryo nibura tuzi bimwe mu bikorwa byaryo, kabone n’ubwo byaba bitanogeye bose”.
3. Muri Republika Iharanira Rubanda ya Congo ho ibyaho ni agatereranzamba
Muri iki gihugu gifite ubunini buruta Ubufaransa inshuro 2 , kikaba na kimwe mu bikungahaye ku mutungo kamere nka Zahabu,Peteroli n’andi mabuye y’agaciro, usanga ibihabera ari agahomamunwa.
Nkubu amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu ku uzasimbura Perezida ucyuye igihe , Bwana Joseph Kabila ,yagombaga kuba mu mwaka ushize wa 2016 , nyuma hagiye habaho inama n’imishyikirano y’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi ahanini bayobowe n’ishyaka UDPS , abandi nabo bakaba bari aho, ariko bitwa ko batari ku butegetsi , ko ariko bibumbiye mu itsinda ribogamiye kuri Perezida uriho ,icyo mu rurimi rw’igifaransa bita ‘Mouvence Presidentielle’.
Byakomeje gushyuha mu minsi ishize, kugeza n’aho uwari Guverineri w’intara ya Katanga , Bwana Moise Katumbi na we yitandukanyaga na Perezida Joseph Kabila ,agatangaza ko bazahangana ku mwanya w’umukuru w’igihugu.
Iki ni kimwe mu bintu byababaje Kabila ku rwego rukomeye , kugeza aho uyu Katumbi yahatswe no kwicwa igihe kitari gito , agakomeretswa ,ariko akajya kwivuza mu mahanga akoroherwa.
Si Moise Katumbi gusa, kuko no mu gihe umusaza Etienne Tshisekedi yapfaga ku wa 01 Gashyantare 2017 , abantu bari bazi ko wenda opozisiyo itazongera kunyeganyega, nyamara umuhungu w’uyu musaza witwa Felix Tshisekedi akaba yarahise atera ikirenge mu cya se ,ubu bikaba bishyushye .
Tukiri aha ariko, wakwibaza niba abantu nka Tshisekedi hari isomo baha Joseph Kabila, wanagiye ku butegetsi abusimburaho se, Laurent Desire Kabila, wari umaze kuva ku butegetsi arasiwe mu biro bye i Kinshasa ,ku wa 16 Mutarama 2001.
Impamvu nyamukuru yatera umwe wese kwibaza, ni uko Felix Tshisekedi na we ari kumaranira gutegeka mu mwanya wa se witabye Imana , mu gihe na Kabila ari cyo anengwa ko ashaka kugira ubutegetsi nk’akarima k’umuryango wa bene Kabila.
Abakongomani bemeza ko ku ngoma ya Kabila yabashije guhuza abakongomani bari baracitsemo ibice, n’ubwo hari ibibazo byamunaniye nko gucyura impunzi z’abakongomani bavuga ikinyarwanda zikiri henshi ku isi yose , cyane cyane mu Rwanda , Uganda , Burundi na Australia.
Kuvuga rero ko abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi hari agashya batangaza muri iki gihugu kwaba ari ugukabya ,nta kintu kitari ukwamagana Joseph Kabila bamwita umunyamahanga, badatinya no kumwita umunyarwanda mu gihe we kandi yakuriye muri Tanzania!
Ibi rero ntaho byageza opozisiyo yiyita ko ishaka guhindura byinshi mu gihugu nka Congo , mu buryo ubu cyangwa buriya kiba kitanorohewe na b a rusahuriramunduru baba bashaka ko kitagira ituze ,kugirango bagisahure, bagihoza mu ntambara.
Uwavuga ko nta ngamba zihamye zigaragaza ugukomera kw’aba bantu barwanya Joseph Kabila , yewe ko banahanganye mu matora bamutsinda , ntiyaba nabwo aciye inka amabere.
Aha naho umuntu yavuga ko abatavuga rumwe muri Congo, bari mu guhuzagurika gukabije ,aho kuri ubu nta muntu uzi igihe amatora azabera ndetse mu gihe gitambutse Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Amatora yigenga muri Congo (CENI) yatangaje ko idashobora gutegura amatora mu gihe kiri imbere y’umwaka wa 2019!
Ikitumvikana , ni icyo ubutegetsi bwa Congo bwikanga, mu gihe n’abo bahanganye badashinga . Gusa muri politiki ntawizera n’igicucu cye ku zuba. Niyo mpamvu yo kuba Kabila ari kugira impungenge ,hamwe n’uko yaba ashaka kubanza gukamuramo intege aba bitwa ko bamurwanya, bamwe abagura amafaranga abandi ababuragiza.
4.Sudani y’Epfo , Afurika y’Epfo , Misiri , Burundi , Congo Brazzaville, Senegal n’ahandi
Duhereye mu Burundi, iki gihugu cyagiye kivugwamo ibibazo bishingiye ku moko, mu gihe mu Rwanda habaye jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi igahitana abasaga miliyoni, byakabaye isomo ku Burundi, bagashakira ibibazo umuti mu maguru mashya, iturufu y’amoko kigasibangana ndetse no mu itegeko nshinga, Umurundi akitwa umurundi ukunda igihugu cye, aho kureba mugenzi we akamubona mu isura ya Hutu, Tutsi na Twa.
Ishyaka CNDD FDD rifata ubutegetsi, byatangazwaga ko Demokarasi Ndadaye yaharaniye akicwa atayishyize mu bikorwa bagiye gucukumbura ikivi cye, ariko budacyeye kabiri, Perezida Nkurunziza ati ubutegetsi sinabuvaho.
Abavuga ko barwanya Leta ya Nkurunziza ndetse banagerageje gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi bwe, byarabananiye, birirwa bamutega iminsi bati “Aho turi ntabwo turimo kurera amaboko”, ariko amakuru asohoka mu binyamakuru ugasanga n’ubundi nabo ubwabo badahuza, ikibaraje inshinga ari ubutegetsi no kubuvanaho uriho, ariko Demokarasi yo ari inzozi.
Ukomereje kuri Bwana Julius Malema ukuriye itsinda rya rumwe mu rubyiruko rwiyise Economic Freedom Fighters, akaba ari n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga amategeko muri Afurika y’Epfo .
Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 36 y’amavuko ,ni umwe mu baharaniye ko Ishyaka ANC ritsinda intambara yayihanganishaga n’abazungu bari barimakaje ubutegetsi bw’ivanguraruhu [ Apartheid ] muri icyo gihugu.
N’ubwo we akigaragaza intege mu guhangana na Jacob Zuma uri ku butegetsi, uyu Julius Malema abakurikiranira hafi Politiki yo muri Afurika y’Epfo bamugaragaza nk’umwe mu bakiri bato, bafite imbere habo hateguye neza. Nibura aha ho hari ibimenyetso by’uko mu minsi iri imbere bizaba byifashe.
Muri Sudani y’Epfo naho ,ibintu ntibyoroshye ,kuko kuva aho ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ricikiyemo ibice, kimwe kikitwa SPLM nkuko bisanzwe .
Riek Machar we nawe afata ikindi gihande akita SPLM In Opposition [ SPLM / IO ],kugeza ubu ikiriho ni uko ibi bihande byombi biri gutana mu mitwe ,mu ntambara ya gisirikare kandi barahoze bahurije hamwe guharanira ubwigenge bwa Sudani y’Epfo.
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Nta kimenyetso na kimwe kerekana ko iki gihugu kizashyira kikagira agahenge. Ndetse n’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, nayo agaragaza ko nta musaruro azatanga habe na mba.
Muri iyi nkuru Bwiza.com yagerageje kwegeranya amakuru ku bagize opozosiyo n’uko bahagaze muri Afurika, gusa nk’uko bisanzwe ,mu gihe kiri imbere ,hazakomeza gushakishwa n’uko ahandi bihagaze ndetse no mu Rwanda by’umwihariko.
Hazarebwa ni mpamvu ki abitwa ko batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi batagaragaza manifesto zifatika ,kugeza aho imitwe cyangwa amashyaka ari ku butegetsi ,arebera ku rutugu abo bitwa gutyo kubera ko mu bifatika nta gahunda ifatika baba bagaragaza.
Muri Tanzania ho mu myaka ishize ,hari n’aho ishyaka rya CCM ryahamagariye abanyatanzania kubaka opozisiyo ikomeye ,kuko ngo iri shyaka riyoboye iki gihugu guhera igihe cyaboneye ubwigenge, ryabonaga urubuga rwa politiki ruri kubiha, kubera kubura uwo baruhanganiramo.
Nta gihindutse ,Afurika yazongera igasubira ku butegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe, mu gihe abakwiswe ko baharanira kutavuga rumwe nabwo mu bihugu bitandukanye bazaba bagenda bakendera, byaba ku mpamvu yo gucika intege kuri urwo rugamba , kimwe n’uko ubunebwe bubarangwamo bwazababera intambamyi yo kwiyereka rubanda nk’abashoboye kuba bategeka igihugu kurusha ababusanzweho.
Kanda hano ujye ubona amakuru yihuse kandi kugihe kuri Facebook no kuri twitter
David Eugene Marshall / Bwiza.com
