Amatariki y’ingenzi yaranze jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda (IGICE CYA 2)

Mu mateka y’ubwicanyi mu Rwanda, ijambo IMPERUKA y’ABATUTSI ritavuzwe bwa mbere muri 1993. Perezida KAYIBANDA niwe wa mbere warikoresheje mu ijambo yavugiye kuri Radio Rwanda ku itariki 11 Werurwe 1964 abitewe n’igitero cyari cyagabwe mu Bugesera ku wa 21 Ukuboza 1963 na bamwe mu mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda bavuye i Burundi ; KAYIBANDA yaravuze ngo : « Niba Inyenzi zishoboye gufata Kigali, n’ubwo bitazazorohera, izaba Imperuka yihuse y’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi.» Iki ni kimwe mu bimenyetso byerekana ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 ifite amateka ya kera.

soma igice cya mbere hano
b) Colonel BAGOSORA yashinze Ishyirahamwe ry’ubwicanyi mu Ngabo z’u RWANDA ryiswe AMASASU
Colonel BAGOSORA akimara kugaruka i Kigali avuye Arusha ku wa 9 Mutarama 1993, yakoresheje inama zitandukanye na bagenzi be b‘intagondwa, barimo abasilikare bakuru nka Colonel Dr Laurent BARANSARITSE wayoboraga ibitaro bya gisilikare bya Kanombe, Liyetona Kolonel Anatole NSENGIYUMVA wayoboraga ingabo muri Gisenyi, Major Protais MPIRANYA wayoboraga abasilikare barindaga Perezida HABYARIMANA, Major Aloys NTABAKUZE wayoboraga batayo parakomando, Major Augustin NTIBIHORA wayoboraga serivisi yari ishinzwe ubwubatsi (Bà¢timents militaires), bashinga Ishyirahamwe ry’abicanyi mu ngabo z’u Rwanda baryita AMASASU. Babimenyesheje Perezida HABYARIMANA mu ibaruwa bamwandikiye ku itariki 20 Mutarama 1993. Iri shyirahamwe ryayoborwaga na BAGOSORA wihimbaga izina rya Komanda Mike TANGO, rikaba ryarabaye ku isonga yo gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside mu ngabo z’u Rwanda no gukangurira abasilikare kutazemera kubana n’Inkotanyi, ahubwo bakitegura kurimbura Abatutsi kuko ngo Abatutsi bose bari ibyitso by’INKOTANYI.
BAGOSORA n’izo ntagondwa ntibemeraga kandi igice cy’amasezerano y’Arusha cyirebana no guhuza Ingabo cyateganyaga ko abasilikare ba Guverinoma n’aba FPR-INKOTANYI bazahurizwa mu Mutwe umwe w’Ingabo ugizwe n’abantu 19.000 harimo abasilikare 13.000 n’abajandarume 6.000 ; muri abo bose 60% bakaba abahoze ari abo mu ngabo za Guverinoma naho 40% bakaba abahoze ari aba FPR-INKOTANYI. Ayo masezerano kandi yateganyaga ko mu birebana n’imyanya y’ubuyobozi mu Ngabo nshya, buri ruhande rwagombaga guhabwa 50%. BAGOSORA na bagenzi be ntibemeye na gato ayo masezerano, babigaragariza Perezida HABYARIMANA muri iyo nyandiko yamumenyeshaga ishingwa ry’ishyirahamwe ryabo, bavuga ko ryari rigamije kurwanya amasezerano y’Arusha ryivuye inyuma ndetse ko abarigize batazanatinya kwica uwo ari we wese bazabona ari umugambanyi. Ku matariki ya 20-22 Mutarama 1993, iryo shyirahamwe AMASASU ryayoboye ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi mu bice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda cyane cyane muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, Ruhengeri, Kibuye na Byumba.
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MRND yakoresheje imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya amasezerano y’amahoro bikurikirwa n’ubwicanyi henshi mu gihugu
Ku wa 19 Mutarama 1993, imyigaragambyo irangajwe imbere na MRND yabereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Ku itariki 21 Mutarama 1993, Matayo NGIRUMPATSE, Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rw’igihugu, yatangaje ko MRND itemera ibyagezweho mu masezerano y’amahoro birebana no gusangira ubutegetsi. Itangazo yasohoye ryahise rikurikirwa n’ubundi bwicanyi bwongeye kwibasira Abatutsi mu Ruhengeri (Komini Mukingo na Kinigi), Gisenyi (Komini Gaseke, Giciye, Karago, na Mutura), Byumba (Komini Tumba) na Kibuye (Komini Rutsiro).
Itsinda ry’impuguke mpuzamahanga ryerekanye ko ubwicanyi bwaberaga mu Rwanda bwari buyobowe n’abategetsi bakuru
Ku matariki ya 07-21 Mutarama 1993, itsinda ry’impuguke mpuzamahanga ryari rigizwe na Jean CARBONARE (France), Dr Philippe DAHINDEN (Ubusuwisi), Prof. René DEGNI-SEGUI (Côte d’Ivoire), Me Eric GILLET (Ububiligi), Dr Alison DES FORGES (USA), Dr Pol DODINVAL (Belgique), Rein ODINK (Ubuholandi), Halidou OUEDRAOGO (Burkina Faso), André PARADIS (Canada) na Prof. William SCHABAS (Canada) ryakoze iperereza mu Rwanda ku bwicanyi bahakorerwaga. Raporo yabo bayitangaje mu kwezi kwa Werurwe 1993 batangaza ko ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi n’abataravugaga rumwe na Leta bwari buyobowe n’abategetsi bakuru, harimo Perezida HABYARIMANA ubwe, abo mu muryango we, n’abo bakoranaga bya hafi : « La responsabilité du Chef de l’Etat et de son entourage immédiat, entre autre familial, est lourdement engagée dans les massacres et dans les exactions perpétrées à  l’encontre des Tutsi et des membres de l’opposition. »
MUTARAMA 1994

1. a) Ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro

Ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1994 kwaranzwe ku ruhande rumwe n’ibyishimo bya bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari bishimiye ko abasilikare 600 b’INKOTANYI n’abanyapolitiki babo basesekaye i Kigali ku wa 28 Ukuboza 1993, aho bari biteguye kwinjira mu nzego z’Inzibacyuho nkuko zateganywaga n’amasezerano y’amahoro y’Arusha. Ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ingabo zayo, bo ntibabyishimiye, maze batangira ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside harimo gukaza imyitozo y’Interahamwe no kuziha intwaro babyita auto-défense civile. Ibi bikorwa byose bikaba byari bigamije gukangurira abaturage b’Abahutu kumva ko Abatutsi bose ari abanzi b’igihugu bagomba kwicwa.
Ku rwego rw’Igihugu, ibikorwa bya Auto-défense civile byayoborwaga na Colonel Athanase GASAKE, ikagira n’abandi bayobozi muri za Perefegitura. Mu Mujyi wa Kigali uwayobora auto-défense civile ni Komanda BIVAMVAGARA agafatanya na Perefe w’Umujyi Colonel Tharcisse RENZAHO ; muri Kibungo yayoborwaga na Colonel Pierre Céléstin RWAGAFIRITA ; muri Kigali Ngari ikayoborwa na Major Stanislas KINYONI ; i Cyangugu ikayoborwa na Colonel SINGIRANKABO, I Gitarama ikayoborwa na Major Jean-Damascène UKURIKIYEYEZU, muri Butare na Gikongoro ikayoborwa na Colonel Aloyizi SIMBA wari ufite abamwungirije barimo Colonel Alphonse NTEZIRYAYO wagizwe perefe wa Butare mu gihe cya Jenoside. Muri Gisenyi na Ruhengeri auto-défense civile yayoborwaga n’abakuru b’ingabo muri izo Perefegitura aribo Colonel Anatole NSENGIYUMVA ku Gisenyi na Augustin BIZIMUNGU mu Ruhengeri.
Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1993 no mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare Colonel BAGOSORA yayoboye igikorwa cyo gutanga imbunda mu Nterahamwe zo mu Majyaruguru y’igihugu. Muri Agenda ye yo muri 1993 yerekanywe nk’ikimenyetso kimushinja mu rubanza rwe muri TPIR, hagaragajwe amapaji yanditseho ko muri Komini za Mutura, Giciye, Rubavu na Rwerere zari muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi hatanzwe intwaro 500.
Imyigaragambyo y’Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi n’ubwicanyi mu Mujyi wa Kigali
Ku itariki ya 8 mutarama 1994, Inzego z’iperereza z’Ububiligi zanditse inyandiko y’ibanga yerekana ko ku itariki ya 7 hari inama yari yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cya MRND yahuje Perezida wa MRND Matayo NGIRUMPATSE, Minisitiri w’ingabo Augustin BIZIMANA, umugaba mukuru w’ingabo Jenerali NSABIMANA Deogratias, umugaba mukuru wa jandarumori Jenerali Augustin NDINDIRIYIMANA, Robert KAJUGA umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku rwego rw’igihugu n’abandi bajandarume bakuru n’abasilikare. Muri iyi nama hemejwe ko bagomba kutereka MINUAR aho intwaro zihishe, ko bagomba kuzimura zikajyanwa kubikwa mu ngo z’abasilkare n’abajandarume bakuru bibona muri MRND kandi Interahamwe. Banemeje ko bagomba gukora propagande mu baturage yo kubangisha MINUAR cyane cyane abasilikare b’ababiligi bari mu bayigize.
Iyo nama yakurikiwe n’imyigaragambyo mibi cyane yabaye ku itariki 8 mutarama 1994 mu Mujyi wa Kigali yitabiriwe n’abayobozi ba Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali n’abasilikare bambaye sivile bo mu barindaga Perezida HABYARIMANA, bakoreye urugomo abantu benshi mu Mujyi wa Kigali bakoresheje za Grenades. Iyo myigaragambyo yakurikiwe ku itariki ya 9 mutarama 1994 n’ibiganiro simusiga byanyuze kuri RTLM byikoma MINUAR ko ngo irwanya Interahamwe n’Impuzamugambi kandi ngo ikaba ifatanyije na FPR. Ku itariki 11 mutarama 1994 habaye indi myigaragambyo yahuje MRND na CDR initabirwa na ba Minisitiri Pauline NYIRAMASUHUKO na Callixte NZABONIMANA n’abayobozi b’Umujyi wa Kigali.
Ku itariki 15 Mutarama Ambasaderi w’Ububiligi MU Rwanda yanditse ibarwa igenewe Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’Ububiligi imenyesha ko intwaro zikomeje guhabwa Interahamwe asaba ko MINUAR yagombye kwemererwa kuzifatira. Ku itariki ya 16 Mutarama 1994, habaye mitingi ikomeye yahuje abantu benshi bo mu mashyaka ahuriye kuri Hutu power ibera kuri Stade i Nyamirambo. Muri iyo mitingi, Justin MUGENZI wari ukuriye igice cya Hutu power mu Ishyaka rya P.L. yafashe ijambo asaba kwirinda Abatutsi n’abasilikare b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR. Muri iyo Mitingi kandi hatanzwe intwaro nyinshi zahawe aba Power bose bo mu mashyaka ya MRND, CDR, MDR, PSD, PDC na PL.
Ibi bikorwa by’urugomo no gutegura Jenoside byamaganywe icyo gihe n’Imiryango nyarwanda y’uburenganzira bwa muntu irimo PRO-FEMMES Twese Hamwe, CLADHO na CCOAIB. Raporo ya Sena y’Ababiligi yakozwe muri 1997 yagaragaje inyandiko nyinshi zerekana uburyo muri mutarama 1994 Leta y’u Rwanda yateguraga Jenoside.
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Mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 21-22 Mutarama 1994, indege yo mu bwoko bwa DC-8 y’Ubufaransa yaguye mu ibanga ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe; MINUAR yarayisatse isangamo ibisanduku 90 byuzuyemo intwaro zigenewe ingabo z’u Rwanda kandi amasezerano y’Arusha yari yarabujije igurwa n’itangwa ry’intwaro. Ku itariki ya 27 mutarama 1994, RTLM yanyujijeho ibiganiro bibi cyane bihamagarira Abahutu bose kwishyira hamwe bakarwana kugeza ku wa nyuma ngo kuko abasilikare b’Ababiligi ba MINUAR bari bafite umugambi wo gutanga igihugu bagiha Abatutsi. Ibyo biganiro byaje bikurikira inama yari yahuje abayobozi bakuru ba MRND barimo Joseph NZIRORERA, Edouard KAREMERA, Jean Pierre HABYARIMANA (umuhungu wa Perezida HABYARIMANA) na Robert KAJUGA wayoboraga Interahamwe ku rwego rw’igihugu ; bakaba baremeje muri iyo nama gahunda yo gucengeza mu Nterahamwe amatwara yo kurwanya abasilikare b’Ababiligi bo muri MINUAR. Hatanzwe n’amabwiriza ko Interahamwe zitagomba kuzongera gukurukiza amabwiriza atanzwe n’ingabo za MINUAR z’Ababiligi, zikitegura guhangana nabo no kubangisha abaturage ku buryo bushoboka.
c) Imenyekanishwa ry’itegurwa rya Jenoside muri LONI
Ku itariki 11 Mutarama 1994, umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye b’Interahamwe mu Mujyi wa Kigali witwaga TURATSINZE Abubakar, alias Jean Pierre, yabwiye mu ibanga Jenerali Romeo DALLAIRE wayoboraga ingabo za LONI mu Rwanda ko Interahamwe zamaze kwitegura kwica Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi makumyabiri ku munsi, ko zifite intwaro zirunze i Gikondo kwa Kabuga, ko lisiti z’Abatutsi zamaze gukorwa, ko kandi kuva MINUAR yagera mu Rwanda, Interahamwe zatojwe zigera ku 1700 ziyongera ku zindi nyinshi zari zisanzwe zarahawe imyitozo. Jenerali DALLAIRE yanditse inyandiko ayoherereza Umuryango w’Abibumbye asaba uburenganzira bwo gufatira izo ntwaro no guhagarika ibikorwa b’itegurwa rya Jenoside.
Ku itariki 12 Mutarama 1994, DALLAIRE yahawe igisubizo cyasinyweho n’umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba LONI witwa Iqbal RIZA wari wungirije Koffi ANNAN wayoboraga serivisi ya LONI ishinzwe ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro, abuza DALLAIRE kwinjiza MINUAR mu bikorwa byo gufatira intwaro. Iqbal RIZA yongeyeho ko icyo DALLAIRE yemerewe gukora ari ukuzabiganira na Perezida HABYARIMANA na ba Ambasaderi b’Ububiligi, Ubufransa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. DALLAIRE yarekeye aho, Jenoside irinda ikorwa ihitana abaturage yari ashinzwe kurinda, byose bikorwa arebera.
UMWANZURO
Ibi bimenyetso bike CNLG igaragaje muri iyi nyandiko birerekana ubukana bw’itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ntabwo Jenoside yabaye impanuka, ahubwo ni igikorwa cy’ubwicanyi cyateguranywe ubuhanga na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ingabo zayo, babifashijwemo n’amahanga, cyane cyane abategetsi b’Ubufaransa. Umuryango w’Abibumbye nawo wamenye icyo gikorwa wanga gukora ibishoboka ngo uhagarike ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi wa Jenoside. Ni ikimwaro ku isi yose. Kubyibutsa ni ngombwa kuko abapfobya n’abahakana Jenoside badahwema gukwiza ibinyoma byabo bigoreka ukuri, byangiza amateka kandi bigatesha agaciro inzirakarengane zishwe zizira uko zavutse cyangwa zihorwa kuba zaranze gufatanya n’abicanyi.
SRC: CNLG
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