Ku itariki ya 26 Kamena umwaka wa 2017, ikinyamakuru “bwiza.com” cyasohoye inkuru ifite umutwe ugira uti “ Ibibazo biri mu miryango y’Abanyarwanda ni imbogamizi kuri gahunda yo gufunga ibigo birererwamo abana” (www.bwiza.com/ibibazo-biri-mu-miryango-yabanyarwanda-ni-imbogamizi-kuri-gahunda-yo-gufunga-ibigo-birererwamo-abana/).
Nyuma yo gusoma no gusesengura iyi nkuru twasanze ifite inenge, amakosa n’amakuru anyuranye n’ukuri Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Abana (NCC) ishyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya Tubarere Mu Muryango (TMM) idashobora kwihanganira.
Zimwe mu nenge ifite zishingiye ku kuba itujuje amahame y’ibanze agenga umwuga w’itangazamakuru. Umunyamakuru wanditse iyi nkuru ntiyahaye ijambo NCC kandi yatangaje amakuru menshi adafitiye gihamya. Amakosa arimo ashingiye ahanini ku makuru menshi ahabanye cyane n’ukuri kandi bigaragara ko yatangajwe nkana ku nyungu zitandukanye cyane no kugaragaza ukuri kwafasha abasomyi.
Iyi niyo mpamvu Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe abana yifuje kugira icyo ivuga ku bikubiye muri iyo nkuru kugira ngo abasomyi babone amakuru nyayo umunyamakuru atashatse kubagaragariza kuko atigeze ayasaba iyi Komisiyo ishinzwe gahunda ya TMM.
Muri iyi nkuru umunyamakuru aterura avuga ko umuryango nyarwanda uvugwamo amakimbirane ashingiye ku mitungo, umwiryane, abana baterwa inda n’abakabavugiye bigahera iyo, ubutane bw’abashakanye, abana bata ishuri n’ikibazo cy’imirire mibi kubera ubukene.
Ntawahakana ko imwe mu miryango y’Abanyarwanda ifite ibibazo uyu munyamakuru avuga, ariko ntibisobanuye ko imiryango yose yo mu Rwanda ibifite ku buryo umwana wese usubijwe mu muryango agomba guhura nabyo byanze bikunze. Kuba rero umunyamakuru avuga ko imiryango ifite biriya bibazo ari yo yoherezwamo abana bakurwa mu bigo by’imfubyi muri gahunda ya TMM sibyo kandi ntibishoboka.
Twemeza ko bidashoboka kuko kugira ngo umwana asubizwe mu muryango, abakozi b’inzobere ba Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Abana babanza gukora isesengura rigamije kureba niba ibibazo byatumye umwana ava mu muryango byaravuyeho, niba umuryango ufite ubushobozi bwo kumwakira no kumwitaho, niba nta bibazo byamuhungabanya ufite, niba nawe afite ubushake bwo kuwusubiramo n’ibindi. Iyo izi nzobere zisanze hari imbogamizi zidashobora gukemura uwo mwana ntasubizwa muri uwo muryango ahubwo zimushakira undi uboneye ufite ubushake bwo kumwakira.
Mu kumushakira umuryango uboneye, aba bakozi bahera ku bafitanye isano n’umwana basanga ntawe ushobora kumwakira bagashaka umubyeyi w’impuhwe utoranywa muri benshi baba barateguwe ku bushake bwabo bazwi ku izina rya Malayika Mulinzi. Yaba umuryango ufitanye isano n’umwana cyangwa Malayika Murinzi bose babanza gukorerwa igenzura n’isesengura kandi hakarebwa niba umwana nawe ashobora kubishimira. Iyi ni nayo mpamvu gusubiza umwana umwe mu muryango bishobora gufata igihe gisaga imyaka ibiri kuko bikoranwa ubwitonzi n’ubushishozi.
Icyakora birashoboka ko nyuma y’igihe runaka umwana asubijwe mu muryango, ashobora kugira ibyo atumvikanaho n’umuryango cyangwa se uwo muryango ukagira ibibazo utari ufite ubwo wakiraga uwo mwana. Gusa ibi ntibikunze kubaho kandi biramutse bibaye ntitubifata nk’igitangaza kuko n’ubusanzwe mu muryango hashobora kubaho ibyo abawugize cyangwa umwana n’umubyeyi batumvikanaho. Icyakora iyo bibaye ntibishobora gutuma umwana yandagara kuko abakozi ba Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Abana basura abana basubije mu muryango ku buryo buhoraho kandi bagakorana ku buryo bwa hafi n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’Inshuti z’Umuryango b’aho umwana n’umuryango we batuye, ku buryo iyo havutse ikibazo bakimenya kare kandi bakagikemura.
Kuvuga rero ko umwana wese usubijwe mu muryango muri gahunda ya TMM ahura byanze bikunze n’ibibazo biri muri imwe mu miryango y’Abanyarwanda, bingana no kwemeza ko imiryango y’Abanyarwanda bose ifite ibibazo ku buryo icyaba cyiza ari uko abana bose b’abanyarwanda barererwa mu bigo birera imfubyi. Ibi rero kwaba ari ukwibeshya, kubeshya abasomyi, gusebya umuryango nyarwanda no gutanga amakuru atari yo kandi mu buryo bugambiriwe.
Mu nkuru ye, umunyamakuru avuga ko hashize imyaka mike Leta y’u Rwanda ifashe umwanzuro wo gufunga ibigo birererwamo abana b’imfubyi bakajyanwa mu muryango…Ariko aya makuru nayo siyo kuko gahunda ya Tubarere Mu Muryango atari gahunda yo gufunga ibigo by’imfubyi. Ahubwo ni iyo gufasha abana bose kurererwa mu muryango binyuze mu nzira zose ziteganywa n’amategeko y’u Rwanda, amasezerano n’amahame mpuzamahanga. Ni gahunda Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho nyuma yo kubona ko n’ubwo hari ibyo ibigo by’imfubyi bifasha abana babirererwamo, hari n’ibindi byinshi batabona kandi by’ingenzi ubundi umwana akura mu muryango.
Gusubiza abana mu muryango rero ni urugendo rumara igihe kirekire kandi iyo abana bose bari mu kigo basubijwe mu muryango, ntigifungwa nk’uko umunyamakuru asa n’ubigaragaza, ahubwo gitekereza kandi kigafashwa uburyo bwo gukora ibindi bikorwa bifasha umuryango Nyarwanda cyane cyane abana. Ibi bikorwa birimo guhindura ikigo ishuli, irerero n’ibindi. Kuba umunyamakuru akoresha ijambo “gufunga ibigo” nabyo ni ukujijisha abantu kandi abigambiriye kuko atigeze agira ubushake bwo kuvugana na Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Abana (NCC) ngo ayibaze ibijyanye n’iyi gahunda.
“Amategeko arengera umwana: Inyungu z’umwana mbere na mbere”
Ni byiza ko mu kwandika inkuru ye, umunyamakuru yagerageje kugaragaza amategeko u Rwanda rwashyizeho n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono mu rwego rwo kurengera umwana. Ariko ntaho agaragaza ko gahunda ya TMM inyuranije n’ayo mategeko n’amasezerano. Bityo kubihuza mu nkuru igaragaza ko TMM ibangamiye inyungu z’umwana kandi ntaho abisobanura cyangwa ngo abigaragaze muri ayo mategeko n’amasezerano, ni ukujijisha abasomyi, kubayobya no guharabika gahunda dushinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa, ibyo kandi akabikora ataduhaye ijambo ngo tugire icyo tubivugaho.
Umunyamakuru yagize ati “Bimwe mu bibazo umuryango nyarwanda ufite, umwana ukuwe mu kigo asanganizwa”
Inda zitateguwe : Raporo y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare(NISR/ RDHS 2014-2015) yerekana ko impuzandengo y’inda ziterwa abana yazamutse, ikava kuri 6,1 mu 2014 ikagera kuri 7,3 mu 2015.
Imirire mibi : Mu Rwanda, uturere dusaga 10 dufite abana bagwingijwe no kurya indyo ituzuye, ku mpuzandengo iri hejuru ya 38% mu gihugu cyose, aho Nyabihu na Nyamagabe barenga 50%.
Guta ishuri: Mu mashuri abanza, abana bata ishuri bagera kuri 14, 3% mu 2013, naho mu mashuri yisumbuye ni 17,5%.
A makimbirane n’ Ubwicanyi mu miryango : Mu miryango y’iki gihe abana barica ababyeyi, ababyeyi bakica abana, nta mpuhwe zikibaho. I Rwamagana mu murenge wa Rubona, umugabo yagiye kuroha abana be babiri mu ruzi ngo barakorakora…
Kuba mu nkuru ye umunyamakuru avuga ko “umwana ukuwe mu kigo cy’imfubyi agasubizwa mu muryango asanganizwa ibi bibazo” ni ugukabya no kujijisha abantu kuko ntaho raporo ya NISR igaragaza ko abana batewe izi nda, abafite imirire mibi n’abataye ishuli ari abasubijwe mu muryango muri gahunda ya Tubarere Mu Muryango. Nk’uko twabisobanuye mu bika bibanza by’iyi nyandiko yacu, nta mwana woherezwa mu muryango ufite ibi bibazo.
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Nyamara uko umunyamakuru asobanura iyi mibare, ni nk’aho iki kibazo gitoranya gusa abana basubijwe mu muryango, mu gihe nyamara nta rugero na rumwe atanga rw’umwana wasubijwe mu muryango wahuye na biriya bibazo avuga.
Nk’ibijyanye no guta ishuli kugera ubu nta mwana wasubijwe mu muryango ugeze igihe cyo kwiga utiga cyangwa wagarutse mu muhanda kuko dukomeza kubakurikirana no kubafasha kwiga. Aha twibutsa ko umwana ari umuntun ufite imyaka iri munsi y’imyaka 18, kuko hari abayirengeje gahunda ya TMM yafashije kwiga imyuga na za kaminuza, babirangiza bagafashwa gusubira mu buzima busanzwe nk’abandi Banyarwanda.
Birashoboka ko umunyamakuru yanditse inkuru ye agamije gusebya TMM gusa
Usibye kuba ubwo yakoraga inkuru ye, umunyamakuru wa “bwiza.com” atarashatse guha ijambo NCC nk’ikigo gishyira mu bikorwa TMM nk’uko amahame y’ibanze y’itangazamakuru abiteganya no kuba afata amakuru n’imibare rusange yatangajwe n’ibigo binyuranye akayakoresha nk’umwihariko w’abana basubizwa mu muryango gusa, biranagaragara ko umunyamakuru yabonye amakuru y’ingenzi yashoboraga kumufasha gukora inkuru itabogamye, ariko nayo akayirengagiza cyangwa akayakoresha mu buryo butanoze.
Urugero ni amakuru yahawe n’uhagarariye urugaga rw’imiryango iharanira kurengera umwana mu karere ka Gasabo (Gasabo Child Protection Network), Habyarimana Candide, aho yagize ati “Politiki yo gufunga ibigo birererwamo abana ishingiye ku guha umwana uburenganzira bwo kurererwa mu muryango mwiza. Hari imyiza ibakira neza. Si ukumuha umuryango uwo ari wo wose, aho bitagenda neza iyo miryango iregerwa, tukayikurikirana ku bufatanye n’izindi nzego”.
N’ubwouyu mukozi yagaragarije umunyamakuru ko muri gahunda ya TMM umwana adahabwa umuryango ubonetse wese, ntibyamubujije kugaragaza ko abana bashyirwa mu miryango ifite ibibazo bikomeye. Nta kindi yavuze kuri aya makuru nyamara yafashe imibare yatangajwe mu buryo bwa rusange n’ibibazo bigaragara muri imwe mu miryango abigaragaza nk’umwihariko w’abanaa n’imiryango bafite aho bahuriye na gahunda ya TMM.
Urundi rugero ni aho umuyobozi w’ihuriro rya Sosiyete sivile mu Rwanda, akaba n’umuyobozi wa CLADHO, Sekanyange Jean Leonard avuga ko bashyigikiye iyi gahunda n’ubwo mu miryango harimo ibibazo. Ati “umwana agomba kurererwa mu muryango, agakurana iryo shema. Ariko umuryango umwakira ugomba gutegurwa, ukumva ko utabonye umugaragu, cyangwa ko hari izindi nyungu umutegerejeho”.
Sekanyange asaba Leta gushishoza mu gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda, ngo kuko “hari abakira umwana bamutezemo umusaruro, kumukoresha akazi, kumusabisha inkunga, kwigarurira imitungo y’ababyeyi be n’ibindi”.
N’ubwo umunyamakuru yabonye aya makuru ntiyagize ubushake bwo kubaza NCC uko iyi gahunda ishyirwa mu bikorwa, ngo arebe neza niba koko ubu bushishozi Sekanyange asaba bukoreshwa. NCC ibona ko ibi byose bigaragaza umugambi wo kugaragaza TMM nk’ikibazo.
“Imiryango yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu n’icya kane ntiyitabira kwakira abana”
Kuba umunyamakuru avuga ko imiryango yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu n’icya kane ititabira kwakira abana sibyo. Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Abana ifite imiryango myinshi y’abayobozi n’indi yo mu cyiciro cya gatatu n’icya kane yakiriye abana.
Nyamara umunyamakuru ntiyegereye NCC ngo ayibaze amakuru kuri iyi ngingo. Ibi byiyongeraho kuba uyu munyamakuru atagaragaza abamuhaye aya makuru ahubwo akemeza ibintu asa n’ukuye mu mutwe we gusa.
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Ntibyumvikana uko umunyamakuru uzi umwuga we atangaza amakuru ahabanye n’ukuri adafitiye gihamya kandi atagerageje no kuyasaba urwego rubifitiye ububasha ngo ruyamwime. Ikindi kitumvikana n’uburyo afata imibare n’ibibazo (iy’abafite imirire mibi, iy’abana bata ishuli, abana baterwa inda ) byatangajwe hashingiye ku baturage bose we akabigira umwihariko w’abana bake cyane basubijwe mu muryango muri gahunda ya TMM. Ibi byiyongeraho kuba yarabonye amakuru ya ngombwa ariko akayirengagiza cyangwa akayakoresha mu buryo butari bwo bugamije gusa guharabika gahunda ya TMM. Ibi byose bigaragaza ko ashobora kuba yari afite indi gahunda itandukanye cyane no kugaragaza amakuru y’ukuri yagira icyo afasha.
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