Ibyaranze Fidel Castro wakoze mu ijisho ry’Amerika, kuvuga ijambo amasaha 7, akarokoka imfu zisaga 600

Fidel Castro yiyemeje gukuraho ubutegetsi bwa Batista, bwari bwaramunzwe na ruswa, gufata ibintu bukabyoroshya no kuba harimo ubusumbane bukabije hagati y’abakire n’abakene . Cuba yari icyanya cy’abatunzi bashaka kwinezeza, ikaba yari iyobowe n’abantu bakunze kuvugwaho imikorere mibi : Uburaya, folode n’ibiyobyabwenge.

Castro na bagenzi be baharaniraga ampinduka, bateguye intambara y’abarwanyi bari mu misozi ya Sierra Maestra. Ku itariki ebyiri z’ukwezi kwa Mbere 1959, igisirikare cy’abarwanyi binjiye umujyi wa Havana. Castro yaratsinze, Batista arahunga, Cuba ifatwa na leta nshyashya, irimwo umunya Argentine Ernest “Che” Guevara.

Abayobora Cuba bemeye kuzasubiza ubutaka abanyagihugu no kurwanira uburenganzira bw’abakene. Ariko haciye igihe gito, leta yashyizeko ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka rimwe, abantu benshi bashyirwa mu magereza, inkambi no ku mirimo nsimburagifungo nk’imfungwa za politiki. Ibihumbi by’abantu byahunze igihugu.

Castro yashimangiye gahunda muri Cuba. Icyo gihe yagize ati: “Nta communisme cyangwa Marxism, ariko hari demokarasi irimo bose hamwe n’uburenganzira rusange mu butunzi busaranganyijwe neza.”

Mu 1960, Fidel Castro yahaye igihugu amashyirahamwe yose yari afitwe n’Abanyamerika. Mu kuyisubiza mu maboko y’Abanya-Cuba , Amerika yahise ifatira ibihano iki gihugu. Castro yavuze ko agomba kwiyegereza aba Soviet hamwe n’umukuru wabo, Nikita Khrushchev, naho hariho abavugaga ko yinjiye muri Soviet mu gushaka kwihimura kuri Amerika ndetse no kugaragaza amatwara ya communisme.

Icyabiteye icyo ari cyo cyose, cyatumye Cuba iba mu matwara ya communisme, ihinduka isibaniro ry’urugamba rwiswe Itambara y’Ubutita (Guerre Froide).

Mu kwezi kwa Kane 1961, Amerika yagerageje gukuraho leta ya Castro mu gushinga igisirikare kigizwe n’Abanya-Cuba bahunze ngo batere Cuba. Ku nkombe za Bay of Pigs, abasirikare ba Cuba basubije inyuma icyo gitero, bicamo benshi banafata mpiri abagera ku 1000. Muri uko gutsinda abari bashyigikiwe n’Amerika , Fidel Castro yasaga n’usize amaraso ku izuru ry’igihugu cy’igihangange, kandi nticyari kuzamubabarira.

Haciye umwaka, indege z’Amerika z’iperereza zasanze ibisasu bya misile by’aba Soviet biri mu biri muri Cuba, mu gihe hari hitezwe intambara ikomeye y’ibitwaro bya Kirimbuzi. Perezida wa Amerika, John Kennedy yagize ati: “Ahantu hatandukanye hari ibisasu bitegurwa muri kiriya kirwa cyafashwe bugwate. Intego ya biriya bikorwa si iyindi atari ukugaba ibitero by’intwaro kirimbuzi ku gice cy’uburengerazuba bw’Isi.”

Ibihugu by’ibihangange byarebanye ay’ingwe, ariko umukuru w’Igihugu cy’Uburusiya, Khrushchev ni we wemeye bwa mbere, akura missile muri Cuba, Amerika nayo yemera gukura rwihishwa intwaro zayo muri Turkiya.

Fidel Castro kandi yahanganiye no muri muri Afurika

Ibihugu byishyize hamwe bya Soviet byashyize amafaranga menshi muri Cuba, isukari yatunganyirizwaga muri iki gihugu iba nyinshi, amato yabo akuzura ibyambu bya Havana azanye ibikenerwa byinshi ngo bagire imfabusa ibihano by’Amerika. N’ubwo yafashwaga n’aba Soviet, Castro yagaragazaga ko Cuba ntaho babogamiye.

Ariko kandi yagize aho ahagarara, cyane cyane muri Afurika, ahashyira abasirikare b’igihugu cye bo gufasha abarwanyi b’aba ‘Marxistes’ bari muri Angola na Mozambique. Muri icyo gihe kandi mu myaka y’1980, politike y’Isi yarahindukaga.

Iki kandi cyari igihe cya Mikhail Gorbachev, ‘Galsnost na Perestroika’, biza kugira ingaruka mbi ku mpinduka za Castro. Abarusiya bahise bahagarika imfashanyo yabo kuri Cuba mu kwanga gusubira kugura isukari yayo. Mu gihe ibihano by’Amerika byari bikiriho kandi imfashanyo y’aba Soviet yarahagaritswe, byahise bigaragagaza ibura ry’ibyakenerwaga hamwe n’amasoko atagira ibicuruzwa muri Cuba.

Kwihangana kwaragabanutse mu gihe imirongo y’ababaga batondeye ibyo kurya yagumye kuba minini. Igihugu Fidel Castro yita icya mbere giteye imbere ku Isi, mu cyasubiye inyuma mu buryo bugaragara. Hagati y’imyaka y’1990, benshi mu Banya-Cuba bari bamaze kurambirwa. Ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bafata inzira y’amazi bajya i Florida gushaka ubuzima bwiza. Benshi batwawe n’amazi ariko cyari ikimenyetso cy’uko batagifitiye icyizere Castro.

Ku butegetsi bwa Castro, Cuba yageze kuri byinshi.

Kuvurwa neza ku buntu ndetse kuri buri wese, kandi urugero rw’abana bapfa bakiri bato muri Cuba rwanganaga no mu bihugu by’ibihangange byo ku Isi. Aha bigaragaza ko abaturage bari bafite bimwe mu by’ibanze mu buzima.

Mu myaka yakurikiye, Castro yabaye nk’uwibagiranye. Mu 1998, Papa Jean Paul II yasuye Cuba, ibintu bitari gushoboka mu myaka itanu yabanjirije bitewe n’uko CUBA yari ibanye n’ibindi bihugu, kuko yarebanaga ay’ingwe n’ibihugu by’ibihangange. Icyo gihe Papa yiyamirije Cuba kubera uburyo uburenganzi bw’ikiremwamuntu bwahonyorwaga, kimwe mu bintu byakuriyeho ikizere bikanakoza isoni Castro imbere y’ibitangazamakuru byo ku Isi.

Fidel Castro yashinze ubwoko bwihariye bwa politike y’igi communiste mu birwa bya Caraibe, mu myaka ye ya nyuma ku butegetsi, yagerageje kuyihindura, ashyiraho buke buke uburyo bufunguye. Ku itariki ya 31 y’ukwezi kwa 7, 2006, hasigaye iminsi mike ngo agire imyaka 80, Castro yahaye ubutegetsi by’agateganyo murumuna we Raul. Icyo gihe Castro yari mu bihe bibi by’uburwayi ariko Cuba yagumye ihakana ko arwaye kanseri itazakira kandi mu kwa Kabiri 2007, murumuna we Raul ni bwo yavuze ko ubuzima bwa Castro burimo buragenda neza.

Mu kwezi kwa Kabiri 2008, Castro yamenyesheje ko adashobora gukomeza kuba Umukuru w’Igihugu n’Umukuru w’Ingabo. Mu rupapuro rwasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya leta, yavuze ati: “Baba mbeshye nemeye kongera kuyobora , kandi numva umubiri wanjye utabishobora. Kwaba ari ukwibeshya nemeye inshingano zinsaba gukora cyane no kwitanga kandi numva umubiri wanjye utabishobora.” Kuva icyo gihe Fidele Castro ntiyasubiye kujya ahagaragara, ahubwo ajya yandika nyandiko zigashyirwa mu binyamakuru bya leta gusa.

N’ubwo byari bimeze bityo, bamwe mu Banya-Cuba bamubona nka Dawidi washoboye guhangana na Goliath, ari yo Amerika.

Kuri bo Castro yari Cuba, Cuba nayo yari Castro

Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, abayobozi batandukanye bamwise intwari yaharaniye ukwishyira ukizana. Hari byinshi bitandukanye yakwibukirwaho, birimo ibi 10:

1. Ni uwa gatatu ku Isi mu bayoboye igihe kirekire

Castro ari ku rutonde rw’abayobozi bategetse mu bihugu byabo igihe kirekire, babiri bamuri imbere bakaba ari umwamikazi Elisabeth II uyobora u Bwongereza guhera muri Gashyantare 1952. Umwami Bhumibol Adulyadej wa Thailand, witabye Imana mu Kwakira 2016 ayoboye imyaka 70. Fidel muri Nyakanga 2006 ni bwo yatangaje ko agiye guha ubuyobozi murumuna we Raul Castro kubera uburwayi.

2. Yashyizeho agahigo k’imbwirwaruhame ndende

Castro yitabye Imana afite umwanya mu gitabo cyandikwamo uduhigo, Guinness Book of Records, aho yavuze imbwirwaruhame ndende mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, yamaze amasaha ane n’iminota 29, icyo gihe hari ku wa 29 Nzeri 1960.

Ni nawe wavuze imbwirwaruhame ndende muri Cuba, ubwo hari mu nteko rusange y’Ishyaka ry’aba- Communiste mu 1960, yo ikaba yaramaze amasaha 7 n’iminota 10.

3.Yarokotse abagambiriye kumuhitana inshuro 634

Uyu mugabo wabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe na Perezida wa Cuba, yivugiye ko yarokotse imigambi y’abashakaga kumwivugana inshuro 634, inyinshi muri zo bikavugwa ko zabaga zapanzwe n’Urwego rw’Iperereza rw’Amerika, CIA.

Harimo aho byavugwaga ko hari ubwo yaterwaga ibinini birimo uburozi, isegereti irimo ubumara, ibifwera bishobora guturika, imyambaro cyangwa bakamutega agafu bisiga karimo ubumara bushobora kumupfura ubwanwa bwose, mu rwego rwo kugambirira kumutesha ikuzo mu gihe kumwica binaniranye.

Castro ubwe yigeze kuvuga ati “Iyaba kurokoka ubwicanyi bwateguwe byabarwaga nk’igikorwa Olempiki, nagombaga kwegukana umudali wa zahabu.’’

4.Ubwanwa bwe bwari ikirango gikomeye

Castro ntiyajyaga abura ubwanwa ku mubiri we kandi yari afite impamvu zihariye zituma bimera bityo, kuko bwari burenze kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwanyi ikomeye. Yigeze kuvuga ati “Iyo ubaze iminota 15 ukoresha wogosha ubwanwa buri munsi, ni iminota 5000 uba utakaje mu mwaka uri kwiyogosha.’’

Icyo gihe Castro yongeyeho ko we yifuza gukoresha icyo gihe akora indi mirimo ifite akamaro aho kugikoresha ku bwanwa.

5. baruwa yatumye atandukana n’umugore we

Castro yaje gushyingiranwa na Mirta Diaz Balart, umukobwa wo mu muryango w’abaherwe wari ufitanye isano na Fulgencio Batista wayoboye Cuba kuva mu 1933 kugeza mu 1940, ari nawe waje guhirikwa ku butegetsi na Fidel Castro mu 1959.

Baje kubyarana umuhungu witwa Fidelito mu 1949, gusa Mirta yasabye gatanya ubwo Castro yari muri gereza.

Castro yaje kwandikira abagore babiri amabaruwa y’urukundo, harimo iy’umugore we Mirta n’indi yari yageneye undi mugore witwaga Natalia Revuelta. Ayo mabaruwa araguranwa buri umwe ahabwa iyari igenewe mugenzi we, n’ubwo nyuma Revuelta yatangaje ko umuyobozi wa gereza Castro yari afungiyemo yaba ari we wapanze ibusanywa ryayo.

6. Yabyaye abana batanu, bose amazina akabanzirizwa na ‘A’

Castro bivugwa ko yabyaye abana umunani, barimo umuhungu mukuru Fidel Castro Diaz-Balart yabyaranye n’umugore wa mbere, uwa kabiri Dalia Soto babyarana abahungu batanu bose bafite amazina atangirwa na ’A’.

Yari afite n’undi mwana w’umukobwa yabyaye hanze witwa Alina Fernandez, aza gutoroka Cuba mu 1993 aho yavuye mu gihugu yigize nk’umukerarugendo, yerekeza Miami aho yanengeye Castro ku mugaragaro.

7. Castro yayoboranye abaperezida icyenda b’Amerika

Perezida Fidel castro yabaye ku butegetsi adacana uwaka na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ariko icyo gihugu ku buyobozi bwe, zagize abaperezida icyenda, umwe atorwa akarinda avaho Castro agasigara.

Bagiye basimburana kuva kuri Eisenhower kugeza kuri Bill Clinton, n’ubwo bitaburaga kuvugwa ko CIA iba icura imigambi y’urudaca yo kumwivugana, hakaba harimo n’imyaka isaga 40 igihugu cye cyabayeho ku bihano cyafatiwe nlAmerika, birimo iby’inkunga n’ikumirwa ry’ingendo, bikaba byari bitangiye koroshywa na Barack Obama usoje manda.

8. agize umwihariko wo gutumura isegereti

Castro yamenyekanyweho cyane gutumura ibitabi birebire bizwi nka ‘Cigars’ mbere y’uko abizibukira ahagana mu 1985. Ubwo yabazwaga ku ngaruka mbi ashobora guhura nazo bitewe no kunywa itabi, yarasubije ati “Ikintu cyiza kiruta ibindi wakora ni uguha aka gakarito k’amatabi umwanzi wawe.’’

9. Ubre Blanca: Inka yasize amateka

Inka yahawe izina rya Ubre Blanca, ikaba yari umwe mu mishinga ya Castro, yaciye agahigo ku Isi mu gutanga umukamo mwinshi ku munsi, aho yashoboraga gukamwa litiro 110.

Iyo nka kimwe n’ubuhinzi bwa kawa n’imishinga inyuranye yo kuhira, bifatwa nka bimwe mu byifashishwaga mu icengezamatwara ryo gutanga icyizere cy’impinduka mu bukungu n’ubuhinzi bw’icyo gihugu, ahagana muri za 80.

10. Yesheje umuhigo mu guca ubujiji

Castro mu Nteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu 1960, yavuze ko agiye guca ubujiji bwo kutamenya gusoma no kwandika mu mwaka umwe, aho yifashishije abarimu, akoresha ubukangurambaga binyuze mu bakozi bose n’abandi bantu basaga 100 000 ngo bigishe abandi.

Ibyo byahise bigabanya igipimo cy’abatazi gusoma no kwandika muri Cuba, kuva kuri 23 ku ijana kigera kuri 4 ku ijana.

Ubwo Fidele Castro yapfaga yashimagijwe n’abategetsi bakomeye

Castro yapfuye mu ijoro rya tariki ya 25 Ugushyingo 2016, byumvikana mu itangazo Perezida Raul Castro yanyujije kuri televiziyo y’igihugu ariko ntiyatangaza icyamwishe.

Perezida w’Inama Nyobozi y’Afrika Yunze Ubumwe, Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma, kuri Twitter, ati: “Comanda Fidel Castro yari umurevolisiyoneri nyakuri. Yafashije Afurika n’ibindi bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere kwibobohora no gutera imbere.”

Umuryango “Nelson Mandela Foundation” wohereje ubutumwa bw’akababaro, unatangaza ifoto ya Nelson Mandela afatanye ku rutugu na Fidel Castro. Naho uwari Perezida, Jacob Zuma yashimiye cyane Fidel Castro uruhare yagize mu ntambara yo kurandura politiki y’ivanguramoko “Apartheid” muri Afrika y’Epfo. Ati: “Intambara yacu yo kwibohora yayigize iye. Yashishikarije abaturage ba Cuba kudutera ingabo mu bitugu.”

Perezida Hage Geingob wa Namibia, na we kuri Twitter, ati: “Umurage wa revolisiyo y’umuvandimwe wacu Fidel Castro uzahoraho muri Namibia iteka ryose.”

Abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bakomoka muri Cuba bakoze imyiyerekano yo kwishimira urupfu rwa Fidel Castro mu mujyi wa Miami muri leta ya Florida, mu majyepfo ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Miami ni ho hatuye abantu benshi bakomoka muri Cuba bahungiye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Perezida watowe wa Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Donald Trump, we yanditse akantu kagufi gusa ku rubuga rwe Twitter, ati: “Fidel Castro yapfuye.” Naho Perezida Barack Obama mu itangazo, ati: “Amateka ni yo azacira urubanza Fidel Castro.”

Uwari Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Ban Ki-moon, aho yari mu ruzinduko mu gihugu cya Turkmenistani, yafashe ijambo, ati: “Ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Castro, abaturage ba Cuba bateye imbere cyane mu burezi, gusoma no kwandika, ubuzima n’ubuvuzi. Ndizera ko Cuba izakomeza kujya imbere mu mpinduka n’iterambere rirambye.”

Perezida Nicolas Maduro wa Venezuela yatangaje ko yavuganye na mugenzi we wa Cuba, Raul Castro, amubwira ko yifatanije n’abaturage ba Cuba, abategetsi ba Venezuela n’inshuti magara za Cuba.

Minisitiri w’intebe wa Espagne, Mariano Rajoy yohereje ubutumwa bw’akababaro, avuga ko Fidel Castro azahora mu mateka. Mugenzi we w’Ubuhinde, Narendra Modi, na we yatangaje ko Fidel Castro ari umwe mu bantu b’imena bo mu kinyejana cya 20. Yanditse ku rubuga rwe Twitter, ati: “Abaturage b’Ubuhinde bunamiye inshuti magara.”

Perezida w’Unama y’Ubutegetsi y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, Jean-Claude Juncker yavuze ko: “Isi ibuze umuntu wari urugero ku bantu benshi…umurage we uzacibwa urubanza n’amateka.” Perezida Enrique Pena Nieto wa Mexique na we yashyize ubutumwa bwe ku rubuga rwe Twitter, ati: “Urupfu rwa Fidel Castro ruranshenguye. Yabaye icyitegererezo mu kinyejana cya 20.”

Uwari Perezida w’Ubufaransa, Francois Hollande, aho ari mu nama muri Madagascar, yavuze ko Fidel Castro yabaye “Umunara mu kinyejana cya 20.” Yasabye ko Cuba ihanagurwaho ibihano byose yafatiwe. Perezida Vladimir Putin w’Uburusiya yise Fidel Castro “Icyitegererezo mu gihe kirekire kandi ko yabaye inshuti nyanshuti y’Uburusiya.”

Perezida Xi Jinping w’Ubushinwa, ati: “Umuvandimwe Castro azabaho ubuziraherezo.” Umushumba wa kiliziya gatulika ku Isi yose, Papa Fransisko yohereje telegaramu avuga ko asaba “Nyagasani ngo amuhe iruhuko ridashira.”

Ibitazibagirana nk’ubuhanga bwa Castro

Fidel Castro yanditswe mu gitabo cy’abanyaduhigo

Ku itariki ya 26/09/1960 Fidel Castro yavuze ijambo mu nama rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye (UN), ryashimangiye ubwenge, ubuhanga mu kuvuga n’imbaraga z’umubiri yari afite. Yashimangiye uburenganzira bw’umuturage ku butaka nka rimwe mu mahame y’ibanze igihugu cye kigenderaho.

Agitangira ijambo yabanje kuvuga ko aragerageza kuvuga bike, ntawakekaga ko ageza ku masaha ane n’iminota 48. Atangira yagize ati: “N’ubwo batuvugiraho ngo tuvuga umwanya munini, nabizeza ko mvuga bike nkwiye kuvuga. Ndanavuga nitonze kugira ngo norohereze abasemura”.

Abasemuraga ariko bashobora kuba ari bo babonye akazi gakomeye uyu munsi. Yarabanje afata umwanya uhagije anenga uburyo itsinda ryaturutse muri Cuba ryakiriwe nabi i New York muri iyi nama ya UN, ko ritacumbikiwe ahakwiye, ritarindiwe umutekano kandi rititaweho nk’abandi.

Yavuze ko bibabaje kuba bamwe mu bavuye muri Cuba baracumbikiwe muri za ‘lodges’ aho gushyirwa muri hoteli nk’abandi. Castro yarakomeje avuga birambuye cyane ku mpinduramatwara (revolution) ya Cuba yari yagezweho mu kwezi kwa Mbere 1959, ari na we uyiyoboye.

Avuga agaya cyane Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’uko zitwaye zirwanya iyo mpinduramatwara. Yanenze Amerika kuba yarafashije Fulgencio Baptista wari ku butegetsi ariko Castro na bagenzi be bakamutsinda.Yarongeye ajya ku byo Cuba imaze kugeraho mu iterambere n’imibereho y’abaturage nyuma yo kugera ku mpinduramatwara n’uburyo babereye urugero ibindi bihugu by’Amerika y’epfo. Fidel Castro ntiyihanganiye ibyo yafashe nk’agasuzuguro k’ibihugu biyoboye Isi

Castro yavuze ku bushyamirane bw’Amerika n’Uburusiya bwari bukomeye, n’impamvu Cuba ihitamo gukorana n’Uburusiya kuko ari igihugu cyubaha ubutegetsi n’abaturage ba Cuba.Yavuze uburyo Amerika ifasha abanyagitugu, ahereye kuri Fulgenico Batista yari aherutse guhirika, yemeje ko Amerika ifasha Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko wa Zaire kubera inyungu ivana mu mutungo kamere w’icyo gihugu.

Yavuze ko Amerika idashyigikiye impinduramatwara ya Patrice Lumumba kuko yashakaga ubwisanzure n’iterambere rikwiriye rya Zaire, ibi yabyise ubukoloni. (Umwaka wakurikiyeho mu 1961, Lumumba yarishwe).

Fidel Castro yavuze ko politiki ya Amerika n’inshuti zayo ku Isi igamije inyungu no gutegeka uko Amerika ishaka, agenda atanga ingero mu bihugu binyuranye ku migabane y’Amerika mu majyepfo na Afurika uko byari byifashe icyo gihe. Mu ijambo rye yibanze ku kunenga politiki y’Amerika n’inshuti zayo ku Isi.

N’ubwo yari amaze amasaha hafi atanu avuga, asoza yagize ati: “Muri make, twebwe abavuye muri Cuba turi muri iyi nama, twamaganye ubucakara bw’umuntu ku wundi muntu, no kubyaza inyungu ibihugu bikennye bikorwa n’ibihugu bikoloni.

Fidel Castro Castro afite amateka yihariye kandi maremare , bitoroshye kuyavuga ngo uyarangize kurikije n’ibyamuranze. Ni umwe mu ba perezida bihariye ku matwara ahanini yari ashingiye kwishyira ukizana ku igihugu cye, atitaye kuri ba bagashakabuhake n’ubwo yagiye ategwa imitego myinshi yo kumuhitana.