Ibyo wamenya ku mugenzo wo gusiramura abakobwa

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima, WHO (World Health Organization) usobanura ko gukeba/gusiramura abakobwa bizwi nka FGM (Female Genital Mutilation) ari igikorwa cyo gukata ku rugingo rw’igitsina cy’umukobwa cyangwa se kuruvanaho rwose.

Raporo ya WHO yo muri Gashyantare 2020 yagaragaje ko abakobwa n’abagore barenga miliyoni 200 bakomoka mu bihugu birenga 50 byo ku Isi birimo 26 byo muri Afurika no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati muri Aziya bari bamaze gukebwa ibitsina byabo muri ubu buryo. Ni mu gihe kandi ikigega cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) kivuga ko ibi bikorwa nibikomeza kugeza mu 2030, hazaba hariyongereyeho abandi miliyoni 68.

Mu bihugu nka Sudani, abakobwa barenga 67% bakorerwa uyu mugenzo. Hakurikiraho Misiri (38%), Kenya (15%),Guinea (15%) na Nigeria (13%).

Kubera iki FGM ibaho?

Uyu ni umugenzo gakondo ushingiye ku muco ukorerwa abana b’abakobwa bakiri bato, abangavu ndetse n’abakuze kugira ngo batazararikira abasore cyangwa abagabo, bikabashora mu busambanyi bwabaviramo gutwita cyangwa izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Abawukora bizera neza ko nta ngaruka ugira ku bawukorerwa.

UNFPA mu nyandiko yasohoye tariki ya 5 Gashyantare 2019, yavuze ko umukobwa yemera gukorerwa FGM kugira ngo yemerwe mu muryango mugari. Yagize iti: “Akenshi, ubutumwa umukobwa yakira ni ukumva ngo arananutse, arabyibushye, ni igikara cyangwa ni inzobe ariko hari abakobwa bakira ubundi bubabwira ko kugira ngo bemerwe, bagomba gukwata imibiri yabo, igahindurirwa imiterere binyuze mu gikorwa nka FGM.”

Hari izindi mpamvu:

• FGM ifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubugore (womanhood).

• Hari abizera ko ibice bimwe by’igitsina cy’umukobwa bibika umwanda.

• Kurinda umugore kurarikira undi mugabo mu gihe yashatse.

WHO yamagana uyu mugenzo

Uyu muryango muri raporo ya Gashyantare 2020 wavuze ko FGM ari umugenzo wo guhonyora uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu n’umugore. Ugaragaza ubusumbane hagati y’igitsina gabo n’igitsina gore kandi ko ari ihohoterwa ry’indengakamere rikorerwa abakobwa. Ni igikorwa cyo kubuza abana uburenganzira bwabo, kibuza umuntu umutekano, ubuzima bw’amahitamo ndetse gishobora no kuvamo urupfu.

Ingaruka z’umugenzo wa FGM

Nk’umugenzo ukorwa hifashishijwe ibyuma bityaye nk’inzembe, ukabamo no gukomeretse ibice bigize umubiri, FGM igira ingaruka zikurikira:

• Uburibwe bukabije.
• Kuva amaraso cyane.
• Kugira indwara z’inkurikizi mu gitsina.
• Kwihagarika bigoranye.
• Uburibwe bukabije mu gihe cy’imihango.
• Uburibwe mu gihe cy’imibonano.
• Uburibwe mu gihe cyo kubyara.
• Ihungabana n’urupfu.

Kuva mu 1997; WHO, UNICEF na UNFPA batangiye kurwanya uyu mugenzo binyuze mu bushakashatsi, gukorana n’abaturage ndetse no mu gushyiraho impinduka muri gahunda zitandukanye z’ibihugu zikoma mu nkokora abawukora, bashoramo akayabo k’amamiliyari y’amadolari y’Amerika ariko n’ubu uracyakorwa. Byagaragaye ko ahagomba gushyirwa imbaraga nyinshi ari mu baturage cyane cyane ubwoko (tribes) bukomera cyane kuri uyu muco kuko busa n’uburwanya ko wacika.

Hari undi mugenzo ujya kumera nka FGM

Hari undi mugenzo ugaragara mu gihugu cya Djibouti ujya kumera nka FGM. Muri iki gihugu aho gukeba bakura mu gitsina izo ngingo z’umukobwa zifasha umugabo kugubwa neza no kuryoherwa mu gihe cy’imibonano mpuzabitsina, bo bakeba utunyama duto ku mutwe w’izo ngingo, barangiza gukata bakadoda bafunga inzira igitsina cy’umugabo gicamo.

Igi gikorwa gifatwa nk’umuhango w’idini wagereranya n’umubatizo mu muco wabo kandi bigakorerwa abakobwa bose mbere yo gushaka. Mu rurimi rwaho bikitwa ‘Dhuna’. Abakurikiraniza hafi ‘Dhuna’ na FGM bemeza ko abakobwa baho batajya imugongo cyangwa mu mihango y’abagore neza, ngo bikaba ari byo bibatera kugira ibice by’umubiri wabo wo hasi kuba binini cyane. Ikindi gitangaje muri icyo gihugu ni uko batazi kwambara icyitwa ikariso imbere mu makanzu yabo y’imikara meza bihebuje. Ibyo ariko ngo bigaterwa n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugaragara muri Djibouti.