Ku wa 30 Kamena 1960, abaturage ba Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bari buzuye ibyishimo. Ibendera ry’u Bubiligi ryaramanuwe, irya Congo rirazamurwa, igihugu gitangira urugendo rushya rwari rwitezweho kuzana amahoro, iterambere n’ubwisanzure nyuma y’imyaka irenga 75 y’ubukoloni.
Mu ijambo rye ryasigaye mu mateka, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere, Patrice Lumumba, yavuze ko ubwigenge butari impano bahawe, ahubwo ko bwabonetse binyuze mu rugamba n’ibitambo by’Abanye-Congo.
Ariko imyaka 66 irashize.
Congo iracyafite bumwe mu butunzi kamere bukomeye ku isi, nyamara ikomeje guhura n’intambara z’urudaca, ubukene, guhunga kw’abaturage n’ibibazo by’imiyoborere.
Ibi bituma buri mwaka, ku munsi w’ubwigenge, hagaruka ikibazo kimwe: Ese Congo yabonye ubwigenge busesuye, cyangwa yabonye ubwigenge bwa politiki gusa?
Ubwigenge bwatangiye igihugu kitaragira amahoro
Abahanga mu mateka bavuga ko igihugu cyinjiye mu bwigenge kidafite inzego zikomeye zari kugifasha kwiyubaka.
Mu minsi mike nyuma y’ubwigenge, igisirikare cyarigometse. Intara ya Katanga itangaza ko yitandukanije n’igihugu. Ibihugu bikomeye byo mu gihe cy’Intambara y’Ubutita na byo bitangira gukurikirana ibyabaga muri Congo kubera akamaro kayo mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’umutekano.
Mu mezi atandatu gusa, Patrice Lumumba yari amaze gukurwa ku butegetsi, nyuma aza kwicwa muri Mutarama 1961.
Uruhare rw’abayobozi ba Congo, u Bubiligi n’ibindi bihugu mu rupfu rwe rwakomeje kugibwaho impaka imyaka myinshi. Nyuma y’aho, u Bubiligi bwaje kwemera uruhare rwabwo muri ibyo byabaye. Benshi mu bahanga mu mateka bavuga ko icyo gihe ari na bwo Congo yatangiye kwinjira mu bibazo byakomeje kuyikurikirana kugeza n’ubu.
Igihugu gikungahaye, abaturage bagakomeza kuba abakene
Iyo havuzwe umutungo kamere, Congo iza mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi. Ni kimwe mu bifite ububiko bunini bwa cobalt, coltan ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, zahabu, diyama, umuringa, amabati, lithium, ndetse n’umutungo munini w’amashyamba n’amazi.
Mu buryo bwumvikana, igihugu gifite uwo mutungo cyagakwiye kuba kiri mu bifite ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika.
Nyamara imibare y’inzego mpuzamahanga ikomeje kugaragaza ko abaturage benshi ba Congo bakiri mu bukene, cyane cyane abo mu bice byibasiwe n’intambara.
Abahanga bavuga ko ikibazo kidaturuka ku kubura umutungo, ahubwo gishingiye ku micungire yawo. Hari umutungo ucukurwa ugasohorwa udatunganyijwe, amafaranga menshi ntagaruke mu ishoramari ry’imbere mu gihugu, ndetse ruswa n’imiyoborere mibi bikagabanya inyungu abaturage bagombaga kubona.
Ese ubukoloni bwararangiye cyangwa bwahinduye isura?
Iki ni kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kuvugwaho cyane n’abasesenguzi.
Hari abavuga ko ubukoloni bwa gisirikare bwarangiye, ariko hakaza icyo bita “ubukoloni bushya” (neocolonialism), aho ibihugu bikomeye n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga bikomeza kugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’ibihugu bikize ku mutungo kamere.
Congo ni urugero rukunze gutangwa muri izi mpaka. Mu gihe isi ikeneye cyane amabuye y’agaciro akoreshwa mu gukora batiri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, telefone na mudasobwa, iki gihugu cyabaye ingenzi mu bukungu bw’isi.
Impuguke zimwe na zimwe zivuga ko ibyo byatumye inyungu z’amahanga muri Congo ziyongera kurushaho.
Ariko hari n’abamagana iyo mvugo, bavuga ko ikibazo nyamukuru atari amahanga, ahubwo ko ibihugu bifite inzego zikomeye bitapfa kwemerera uwo ari we wese kubyivangamo.
Bityo, bavuga ko umuti urambye ari ugushimangira imiyoborere myiza, ubutabera n’ubunyamwuga mu nzego za Leta.
Intambara zikomeje kubaza ikibazo cy’ubusugire
Nta kindi kibazo gikunze gutuma hibazwa ubwigenge bwa Congo nk’umutekano.
Imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro yakomeje gukorera mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu imyaka myinshi.
Guverinoma ivuga ko hari ibihugu byo mu karere bishyigikira imwe muri iyo mitwe, mu gihe ibyo bihugu bikunze kubihakana cyangwa bikabitangira ibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Iyi ntambara yakomeje kwimura miliyoni z’abaturage, isenya ibikorwa remezo kandi igabanya ubushobozi bwa Leta bwo kugera mu bice bimwe by’igihugu.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko igihugu kidafite ububasha busesuye ku butaka bwacyo kiba kigihanganye n’urugamba rwo kubaka ubwigenge busesuye.
Hari icyizere?
Nubwo ibibazo bikomeye bikiriho, hari ababona impamvu zo kugira icyizere.
Congo ifite abaturage benshi kandi urubyiruko rwayo rugenda rwiyongera. Ifite umutungo kamere ukenewe cyane n’isi y’iki gihe, isoko rinini ry’abaguzi, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere inganda n’ubuhinzi.
Hari kandi ibikorwa remezo bishya, ishoramari rigenda ryiyongera n’ubufatanye n’ibindi bihugu bushobora gutanga amahirwe mashya.
Icyakora, abahanga benshi bahuriza ku gitekerezo kimwe: ayo mahirwe ntashobora kubyazwa umusaruro mu gihe hatabayeho guca ruswa, kubaka inzego zikomeye no gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage.
Ubwigenge si ibendera gusa
Mu myaka 66 ishize, Congo yagaragaje ko ishobora kwihagararaho nk’igihugu cyigenga mu rwego rw’amategeko n’imibanire mpuzamahanga.
Ariko ubwigenge nyabwo ntibupimirwa gusa ku kuba igihugu gifite ibendera, indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cyangwa intebe mu Muryango w’Abibumbye.
Bupimirwa ku bushobozi bwo kurinda ubusugire bwacyo, gucunga umutungo wabwo mu nyungu z’abaturage, gutanga umutekano, ubutabera n’amahirwe angana ku baturage bose.
Ku bantu bamwe, Congo imaze gutera intambwe muri urwo rugendo. Ku bandi, urugendo nyarwo ruracyari rurerure.
Icyakora, ikigaragara ni uko nyuma y’imyaka 66, ikibazo cy’ingenzi kitakiri “Ese Congo yaba yarabonye ubwigenge?” Ahubwo cyabaye “Ni ryari abaturage bayo bazatangira kumva inyungu z’ubwo bwigenge mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi?”
