Mu butaka bwo mu majyepfo ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), imashini nini zicukura ubutare ntizihagarara. Buri munsi zivanayo toni nyinshi za copper na cobalt, amabuye y’agaciro yifashishwa mu gukora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, telefoni, mudasobwa n’ibikoresho byinshi by’ikoranabuhanga.
Ariko kuva kuri uyu wa 6 Kanama 2026, hari icyahindutse. Guverinoma ya RDC yafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo guhagarika kohereza hanze copper na cobalt bitaratunganywa (copper concentrate na cobalt concentrate). Ni icyemezo gishobora guhindura uburyo isi ibona umutungo kamere wa Congo.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, ibigo by’amabuye y’agaciro byacukuraga ubutare muri Congo, bukoherezwa mu mahanga bugatunganyirizwa mu nganda zo muri Aziya, u Burayi cyangwa ahandi. Ibyo byatumaga inyungu nyinshi ziva mu gutunganya ayo mabuye zisigara mu bindi bihugu, mu gihe Congo yabonaga amafaranga make ugereranyije n’agaciro nyakuri k’umutungo wayo.
Guverinoma ivuga ko igihe kigeze ngo igihugu kitazongera kuba isoko ry’ibikoresho fatizo gusa, ahubwo gitangire no kubibyaza umusaruro imbere mu gihugu. Iyo amabuye atunganyirijwe imbere mu gihugu, havuka inganda nshya, hakaremwa imirimo, hakiyongera amafaranga yinjira mu isanduku ya Leta.
Mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, concentrate ni ubutare buba bwamaze gutandukanywa ariko butaragera ku rwego rw’icyuma cyuzuye cyiteguye gukoreshwa mu nganda.
Urugero, copper concentrate iba ikeneye kongera gushongeshwa no gutunganywa kugira ngo ivemo copper cathode, ari yo muringa usanzwe ukoreshwa mu gukora insinga z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bikoresho.
Ni yo mpamvu RDC ishaka ko iyo ntambwe yo gutunganya ikorerwa imbere mu gihugu aho kuyirekera ibihugu byo hanze.
Nyuma y’uko aya makuru amenyekanye, igiciro cy’umuringa ku Isoko ry’Ibicuruzwa ry’i Londres (London Metal Exchange) cyahise kizamuka hafi ya 1.8%, kigera ku rwego rwo hejuru rutari rwaboneka kuva mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka.
Abashoramari batekereza ko kugabanya ibicuruzwa bisohoka muri Congo bishobora gutuma umuringa uba muke ku isoko mpuzamahanga, bityo igiciro cyawo kikazamuka.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ingaruka z’iki cyemezo zishobora kutaba nini nk’uko bamwe babitekereza. Impamvu ni uko igice kinini cy’umuringa wa Congo gisanzwe cyoherezwa hanze cyamaze gutunganywa.
Ariko hari ibigo bimwe na bimwe, birimo umushinga munini wa Kamoa-Kakula, bishobora guhura n’imbogamizi kuko byari bikigira uburenganzira bwo kohereza hanze ubutare butaratunganywa.
Iki si cyo cyemezo cya mbere nk’iki. Congo yigeze kubuza kohereza hanze aya mabuye mu 2013, mu 2019 no mu 2023, ariko nyuma igatanga uburenganzira bwihariye (waiver) ku bigo bitari bifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganyiriza imbere mu gihugu.
Icy’ubu kirakomeye kurushaho kuko gihita gikurikizwa ako kanya, nubwo Guverinoma yavuze ko mu bihe bimwe byihariye ishobora gutanga uburenganzira bumara umwaka umwe.
Iki cyemezo cya Congo kiri mu murongo w’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bishaka kuva ku kuba abatanga ibikoresho fatizo gusa. Intego ni uko ubutare butazongera gusohoka butaratunganywa, ahubwo hakubakwa inganda zibutunganya imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo inyungu nyinshi zisigare aho bukomoka.
Niba iyi gahunda izagerwaho, RDC ishobora kuba imwe mu nkingi zikomeye z’inganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho kuba igihugu kizwi gusa nk’igikungahaye ku mutungo kamere.
Icyakora, intsinzi y’iyi gahunda izaterwa n’ubushobozi bwo kubaka inganda, kubona amashanyarazi ahagije, guteza imbere ibikorwaremezo no gukurura ishoramari rihagije. Ibyo nibigerwaho, umutungo wa Congo ushobora gutangira guhindura ubuzima bw’abaturage bayo kurusha uko byagenze mu myaka yashize.
