Hashize umwaka amasezerano azwi nka Washington Accord ashyizweho umukono agamije gufasha gushakira umuti ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC).
Icyo gihe hari icyizere ko ayo masezerano ashobora kuba intambwe ikomeye iganisha ku mahoro arambye.
Ariko nyuma y’umwaka umwe, ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni iki: Ese ni nde wungutse kurusha abandi?
Kugira ngo haboneke igisubizo gifite ishingiro, ni ngombwa gukoresha ibipimo bifatika aho gushingira ku marangamutima cyangwa ku ruhande rw’umukinnyi umwe muri iki kibuga.
Ibipimo byo gupima uwungutse
Isesengura rishingiye ku bipimo bitanu:
Inyungu za dipolomasi, umutekano n’imiterere y’ibibera ku kibuga cy’imirwano, inyungu z’ubukungu, kwamamara cyangwa kongera ijambo ku rwego mpuzamahanga no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo amasezerano yari agamije
Amerika: Yongeye kwerekana ubuyobozi bwa dipolomasi
Mu myaka yashize, ikibazo cya Congo cyakunze gukemurirwa i Addis Ababa, Luanda cyangwa Nairobi.
Ariko Washington Accord yagaragaje ko Amerika ishaka kongera kugira ijambo rikomeye muri Afurika yo Hagati.
Mu guhuza impande zitavuga rumwe no gushyigikira inzira y’ibiganiro, Washington yagaragaje ko ishobora kongera kugira uruhare mu bibazo by’umutekano byo ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Ku rundi ruhande, Amerika ifite n’inyungu z’igihe kirekire zirimo guteza imbere ishoramari no kubungabunga uburyo ibigo byayo byabona amabuye y’agaciro y’ingenzi akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Isuzuma: Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, Amerika iri mu bungutse cyane, kuko yakuyemo abandi bahuza bose barimo Angola, Kenya bari baragerageje gucyemura iki kibazo mu karere.
Qatar: Umuhuza ugenda wagura ijambo
Mu myaka mike ishize, Qatar yabaye umwe mu bahuza b’imena mu makimbirane mpuzamahanga.
Kuba yaragize uruhare mu biganiro bireba RDC n’u Rwanda byayihaye amahirwe yo kongera isura yayo nk’igihugu gishobora kwakira ibiganiro bikomeye no kuganisha impande zishyamiranye ku meza y’ibiganiro.
Nubwo idafite inyungu zigaragara nk’iz’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri aka karere, yungutse cyane mu rwego rw’icyizere n’ijambo muri dipolomasi.
U Rwanda: Inzira ya dipolomasi n’umutekano
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, amasezerano yabaye uburyo bwo gukomeza gusobanura impungenge zarwo ku mutekano, cyane cyane ku kibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera hafi y’imipaka yarwo irimo FDLR.
Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, rwakomeje ibiganiro n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Ariko ku ruhande rw’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano, haracyari ibibazo bitarakemuka ku buryo byoroshye kuvuga ko rwageze ku ntego zarwo zose.
RDC: Yungutse amahirwe, ariko iracyafite urugendo
Guverinoma ya Kinshasa yungukiye mu kuba ikibazo cyayo cyarakomeje kwitabwaho n’amahanga.
Icyakora, ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo gikomeje kuba ingorabahizi.
Kuba ibiganiro bikomeje ntibisobanuye ko ibibazo by’ibanze byamaze gukemuka.
Niba harebwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’intego z’amasezerano, haracyari urugendo rurerure.
AFC/M23: Umwanya ku meza y’ibiganiro
Ku ruhande rwa AFC/M23, kimwe mu byo bamwe babona nk’inyungu ni uko yakomeje kuba umwe mu bakinnyi bavugwaho mu biganiro bijyanye n’igihe kizaza cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Ariko kuba hari ibiganiro cyangwa kuvugwa ntibihita bisobanura ko intego zayo zose za politiki cyangwa iz’umutekano zagezweho. Ibyo biterwa n’uko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibiganiro rizagenda.
Ese ni nde wungutse kurusha abandi?
Niba isesengura rishingiye ku bipimo byose, hagaragara urutonde rukurikira:
Amerika yungutse cyane mu rwego rwa dipolomasi no kongera ijambo ryayo mu karere.
Qatar yakomeje kwiyubaka nk’umuhuza mpuzamahanga ndetse ukomeje kugirirwa icyizere n’impande ziba zihanganye mu makimbirane.
U Rwanda rwakomeje gukoresha inzira ya dipolomasi mu gusobanura impungenge zarwo, ariko ibisubizo byose rwifuza ntibiraboneka.
RDC ygumanye ubufasha mpuzamahanga, ariko ikibazo cy’umutekano kiracyari ingorabahizi.
AFC/M23 yakomeje kuba umwe mu bakinnyi baganirwaho, ariko isuzuma ry’ibyagezweho riterwa n’ibizava mu biganiro n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabyo.
Nsoza navuga ko nyuma y’umwaka umwe w’ Amasezerano ya Washington , biragaragara ko uwungutse cyane atari byanze bikunze uri ku rugamba, ahubwo ni uwashoboye kongera ijambo rye muri dipolomasi mpuzamahanga.
Ariko amateka y’amasezerano y’amahoro yigisha ko agaciro kayo kadapimirwa ku mafoto yo ku munsi wo kuyashyiraho umukono cyangwa ku magambo y’abayobozi, ahubwo gapimirwa ku bushobozi bwo guhindura ubuzima bw’abaturage no kongera umutekano.
Ni yo mpamvu igisubizo nyakuri ku kibazo cyo kumenya uwungutse kurusha abandi kizashingira ku buryo ibyo amasezerano ateganya bizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu myaka iri imbere, aho kuba ku byagaragaye mu mezi make ya mbere.
