Ruganzu Bwimba na mushiki we Robwa bameneye amaraso u Rwanda ngo rutigarurirwa n’i Gisaka

Ruganzu wa Mbere Bwimba na Mushiki we Robwa Nyiramateke, ni abavandimwe bitanze butabazi ari bato, baharanira ko igihugu cyabo kitigarurirwa n’amahanga. Ni bene Nsoro i Samukondo wategetse u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 1279 kugeza mu wa 1312, akaba yarababyaranye na  Nyiraruganzu I Nyakanga ka Tema rya Lima rya Bare ba Gongo rya Muzora wa Gahuriro ka Jeni rya Rurenge, akaba Umukobwa w’Abasinga.

Nk’uko tubikesha Museneyri Alexis Kagame mu gitabo yise Un abregé de l’ethno —histoire du Rwanda, Ruganzu yimye kuva mu 1312-1345.

Bivugwa ko yari atuye ahitwa I Gasabo hakuno ya Muhazi mu murenge wa Rutunga w’ubu, akagira n’urundi rugo hakurya yayo ahitwa i Tanda na Ruzizi ubu ni mu murenge wa Giti mu karere ka Gicumbi.

Bombi babaye abatababazi, bamenera igihugu amaraso y’ibwami

Ruganzu Bwimba ni we mwami wenyine wemeye kumena amaraso nk’umucengeri (libérateur offensive), naho mushiki we Robwa akaba ariwe mugore wenyine witangiye u Rwanda nk’umutabazi (libératrice défensive).

Abo bitaga abatabazi, ni intwari zemeraga kwitanga ku bushake, kugira ngo amaraso yabo nameneka ahe u Rwanda gutsinda no kwigarurira igihugu babaga bahanganye (libérateur offensif) , cyangwa se arinde u Rwanda gutsindwa no kwigarurirwa n’ikindi gihugu (libérateur défensif) .

Uwa mbere yagendaga arwana ariko akaza kwiyicisha ku bushake ari nako Ruganzu I Bwimba yabikoze, uwa kabiri yapfaga atarwana nk’uko Robwa yapfuye.

Uko byagenze ngo I Gisaka kidatsinda u Rwanda

Ruganzu I Bwimba yimye ingoma mu gihe mu burasirazuba bwa Gasabo hari ingoma ikomeye kandi itinyitse cyane  y’i Gisaka yari iyobowe n’umwami Kimenyi I Musaya.

I Gisaka gihereye mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba kagahuza uturere 3 tungana n’impugu eshatu zabayeho muri iyo myaka arizo :

I Gisaka MIGONGO hahoze ari Komini Rukira na Rusumo ho muri Kibungo, ubu ni mu Karere ka Kirehe, umurenge umwe wa Rukira uri muri Ngoma.

GIHUNYA yari komini Kigarama, Kabarondo na Birenga ubu ni mu Karere ka Kayonza na Ngoma.

Naho MIRENGE yari Komini Sake na Mugesera mu karere ka Ngoma(aha hiswe akarere ka Mirenge 2001-2006 kayoborwa Hakizimana JDieu alias Gitete).

Kimenyi  cya Bazimya ba Ruregeya, ariwe Kimenyi I Musaya umwami w’i Gisaka, yari ifite inyota ikomeye yo kwigarurira ingoma y’i Gasabo ariyo ngoma y’u Rwanda. Nyuma yo guhanuza abajyanama n’abapfumu be, yasabye gushyingirwa igikomangomakazi cy’u Rwanda Robwa Nyiramateke; akazabyarira i Gisaka umwami uzigarurira u Rwanda.

Byateye Kimenyi impungenge zikomeye kuko nta bucuti yari afitanye na Nsoro I Samukondo, agirwa inama yo kwibanisha bya nyirarureshwa na Nkurukumbi wari muramu wa Nsoro kuko yari musaza wa Nyakanga ariwe nyina wa Robwa Nyiramateke na Bwimba .

Kimenyi ngo yashatse amaturo n’izindi mpano nziza maze abyoherereza Nkurukumbi maze aboneraho no kumwaka ubucuti, undi arabumwemerera. Bukeye Kimenyi atuma kuri Nkurukumbi ati“ Ndashaka gusaba muramu wawe umugeni, none uzahambere nk’inshuti ’’. Nkurukumbi ati “ Uzaze, umugeni ntuzamubura rwose ’’.

Abanyagisaka baza gusaba Robwa Nsoro aramubima, gusa nyuma yaje kurwara, ni uko abiru baramubaza bati “ Ko turuzi ugiye gutanga, Kimenyi akaba yaragusabye umugeni ukamumwima , nagaruka waratanze akamudusaba tuzamumwima tutaramubyaye?

Nsoro ngo nta kindi yakoze uretse gutumaho abana be, ni uko ngo bahageze abwira umukobwa we Robwa ati“ Nushaka gushyingirwa kwa Kimenyi uzagende ubizi ko uri umutabazi w’u Rwanda, ntuzagende wibwira ko uri umugeni usanzwe. Kandi aramwihanagiriza Ati“uramenye Kalinga ntuzayigurane Rukurura. Rukurura ni yo yari ingoma ngabe y’i Gisaka.

Nsoro I Samukondo akimara kuraga aherako aratanga, maze Nkurukumbi nawe ntiyazuyaza atuma kuri Kimenyi ati“  Wa muntu wakwimaga umugeni ko atakiriho ntiwaza gusaba umugeni ko utazamubura ?” Ni uko Kimenyi  yohereza intumwa ze gusaba Robwa.

Iki gihe Bwimba yari yaramaze kwimikwa ngo azungure se Nsoro ku ngoma, ahabwa izina rya Ruganzu wa I. Ukwima ingoma kwa Ruganzu I Bwimba rero, kwahuriranye n’isabwa rya mushiki we Robwa Nyiramateke.

Robwa amaze kubwirwa na Musaza we imigambi mibisha ya Kimenyi ndetse n’uburyo yaburiwe na se Nsoro, yasabye Bwimba kumureka akajya gushyingirwa mu Gisaka; amusezeranya ko atazabyarira i Gisaka umwana uzahemukira igihugu cye uko Kimenyi yabitekerezaga. Nuko Robwa ajya gushyingirwa mu Gisaka arongorwa na Kimenyi I Musaya.

Hagati aho ubuzima bwarakomeje kandi mu mudendezo usesuye, kugeza ubwo Robwa atumye kuri musaza we umwami Ruganzu I Bwimba ati ndatwite. I bwami mu Rwanda bahise bumva ko igihe cy’igitambo cya Robwa kigeze kuko yari yarasezeranye ko atazabyarira i Gisaka umuhungu kandi akaba ari we yari atwite.

Indagu zo mu Rwanda zemeje ko hagomba abandi batabazi bazongera ibitambo byabo ku cya Robwa kugirango intego yo gutsinda i Gisaka igerweho. Inzuzi nk’uko babyemeraga icyo gihe zatanze Nkurukumbi, musaza w’umugabekazi ndetse n’umugabo we kuko icyo gihe abagabekazi bapfakaye ari bato bari batarabuzwa gucyurwa n’abandi bagabo.

Aba ba Nkurukumbi banze gutabarira igihugu, maze ku bwa gatatu inzuzi rerekana umwami ubwe nk’umutabazi.

Umusindi yarenze akarwa

Umwami, intwari Ruganzu I Bwimba wari ubabajwe n’uko nyirarume ndetse n’umugabo wa nyina banze kwitangira i Gihugu, yiyemeza gutabara bucengeri kandi akabihisha nyina.

Nuko Ruganzu Bwimba yambara ikamba ry’abatabazi asohoka mu ngoro y’i Gasabo aherekejwe n’abantu bake yerekeza ku nkiko y’i Gisaka.

Igihe rero cyari kigeze ko Robwa nawe atabarira u Rwanda kuko yari yarashakiye mu Gisaka mu by’ukuri atari urundi rukundo ahubwo ari ugushaka kukimenamo amaraso ngo agiteze ibyago maze u Rwanda ruzagitsinde runacyigarurire.

Aho Nyakanga abimenyeye, yasabye umuhungu we kugaruka ngo bemere kwitanga ariko Ruganzu ntiyari agisubiye inyuma. Nyina yekenyuruye umweko arawumutambika ariko Ruganzu arawusimbuka ati “Umusindi yarenze akarwa”. Ubundi cyaraziraga ku umuntu arenga umweko wa nyina, ariko Ruganzu we yasanze aho gutatira igihugu yambariye ikamba ry’ubugabe yarenga ku muziro w’umweko.

Ibyo birangiye Ruganzu yakomeje iy’u Buganza arinako ahiga. Bivugwa ko muri iryo joro yishe ingwe yari ije isatira aho bari baganditse. Uruhu rw’iyo ngwe nirwo rwaje kuba igisasiro rutanga n’izina ry’umwana we wari hafi kuvuka. Umugore wa Ruganzu yitwaga Nyakiyaga cya Ndiga ya Gahutu cya Serwego.

Ruganzu yamaze iminsi mike Tabirago yaje kuba Sasabirago. Aho niho ngo Nkurukumbi yamusanze amusaba imbabazi amubwira ko noneho yemeye gutabara nk’umutabazi. Aho kumubabarira ahubwo Ruganzu yahise aca iteka ko ubwoko bw’abasinga butazongera gutanga umugabekazi ukundi. Koko kandi Nyiraruganzu I Nyakanga niwe mugabekazi wa nyuma w’umusingakazi

Ruganzu Bwimba abwiwe inkuru nziza ko umugore we amaze kwibaruka umuhungu, yahise yohereza rwa ruhu rw’ingwe rugasasirwa wa mwana kandi akarwitirirwa, nuko yitwa Rugwe waje no kwima ingoma aba Cyilima I Rugwe ategekerwa n’umutware Cyenge mbere y’uko akura.

Ibintu byose bimaze gushyirwa mu buryo, Ruganzu I Bwimba yatanze itegeko ryo gutangiza imirwano, ahita atera i Gisaka maze ku bwende bwe ajya imbere y’imyambi yicirwa mu Bwiza bwa Nkungu na Munyaga (iwabo w’abakemba).

Robwa

Nk’uko Padiri Muzungu Bernardin abivuga mu gitabo yise “ Le Patriotisme Jusqu’au Sang’’, Robwa Nyiramateke ni ishema n’icyubahiro ku bagore n’abakobwa babayeho mu mateka y’u Rwanda.

Robwa yamenyekanye nk’intwari cyane kubera uburyo yemeye kuba umutabazi w’umucengeri akamena amaraso ye mu Gisaka kugira ngo i Gisaka kitazigarurira u Rwanda hanyuma.

Nyuma y’itanga rya Ruganzu I, intumwa yizewe yagiye kumenyesha umwamikazi Robwa urupfu rwa musaza we. Umugabo we, umwami Kimenyi I Musaya, nawe yarabimenyeshejwe. Kugirango ahoze umugore we Robwa kubera urupfu rwa musaza we, Kimenyi yamweretse Rukurura, ingoma ngabe y’i Gisaka, amabwira ko ayimugabiye. Ibyo byari mu buryo bw’imitsindo kandi Robwa nawe yari abizi. Mu kumugabira Rukurura, Kimenyi yari amuteguriye kuzaba umugabekazi w’u Rwanda kuko yazirikanaga ko utwite uzarwigarurira.

Robwa wari uzi ibyo byose yaramushubije ati mbabajwe n’uwakwise Kimenyi, kuko iyo uba Kimenyi wari kumenya icyanzanye mu Gisaka ! Ni uko igihe yari yicaye ku gisasiro cye ingoma ngabe Rukurura itetse imbere yacyo, Robwa ajya ejuru mu birere aragaruka akubita inda kuri Rukurura apfana n’umwana yari atwite.

Inkuru y’urupfu rw’ubutwari rwa Robwa igisesekara mu Rwanda ibwami bahise bemeza ko abaye umutabazi w’igihugu ku rwego rumwe na musaza we Ruganzu I Bwimba, bityo haba habonetse ibitambo bibiri by’abantu b’intwari bitangiye ubusugire n’ubwigenge bw’igihugu ndetse uwo muco kugeza icyo gihe urakomera igihe cyose u Rwanda rusumbirijwe rugashaka abatabazi bo kurumenera amaraso yabo.

Urupfu rwa Robwa rwamugize ikirangirire mu bakobwa n’abagore bose  babayeho mu mateka y’u Rwanda .Ntiyatinye kumenera igihugu cye amaraso nubwo yari akiri muto akaba umwamikazi wari kuzavamo n’umugabekazi w’i Gisaka.

Yanze kubyarana n’umwami w’i Gisaka kuko nk’uko Kimenyi yabitekerezaga uyu mwana w’umuhungu bari kubyarana yari  yari kuzigarurira u Rwanda akarutwarana n’i Gisaka.

Yubahirije isezerano yari yarasezezeranye na se Nsoro kugirango u Rwanda rukomeze rusugire rutazigarurirwa n’abanyamahanga. Ibi bishimangira wa mugani ugira uti“ Wanga kumenera igihugu amaraso, imbwa zikayanywera ubusa ’.

Abo ingoma yahaye amata ni nabo isaba ama….

Ubutwari bwa Ruganzu I Bwimba bwabaye urwibutso rutazibagirana mu mateka y’Abanyarwanda.

Icya mbere ni uko Ruganzu I Bwimba ari we mwami rukumbi wapfuye nk’umutabazi w’umucengeri.

Icya kabiri ni uko yasigiye umurage abayobozi n’abategetsi ko bagomba kwikorera imitwaro y’abo batwara (bayobora) aho kuyishyira ku bandi bikanashimangira wa mugani uvuga ngo“ Abo ingoma yahaye amata nibo isaba amaraso’’.

Ikindi ni uburyo Abasingakazi baciwe ku kubyarira ingoma.

Icya nyuma ni uko icyo gihe umugabekazi yari yemerewe kurongorwa iyo umugabo we yabaga yatanze we akiri muto.

I Gisaka cyarashyize cyomekwa ku Rwanda

Ku ngoma ya Mutara II Rwogera, ni ho i Gisaka (cyari gitinyitse kugeza icyo gihe) cyagaruwe n’u Rwanda ahacishirizwa mu mwaka w’1850. Ni nacyo cyatsinzwe nyuma y’ibindi bihugu nka Rukiga, Bushiru na Nduga.

Gisaka yatsinzwe n’u Rwanda kubera ubuhanga bwo kuboneza imirwano bwa Mutara II Rwogera : gutera intara za Gisaka imwe imwe, gutegura no kugaba igitero mu ibanga no kohereza yo ingabo z’indobanure.

Izo ni nk’ Ababito, Abashakamba, Imvejuru, Intaganzwa, Inzirabwoba, Urukamba n’Uruyange.

Mu by’ukuri amaraso ya Ruganzu I Bwimba na Mushiki we Robwa Nyiramateke ntiyamekeye ubusa kuko I Gisaka cyari kibangamiye u Rwanda cyarashyize kiratsindwa burundu cyomekwa k’u Rwanda kugeza n’ubu.

Mu myemerere y’a banyarwanda ba kiriya gihe, nta gushidikanya ko i Gisaka cyatsinzwe no kumenekeramo amaraso yabatabazi 2 bakomeye kuko yari ‘amaraso ya cyami’.

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Karegeya Jean Baptiste