Itangazamakuru ni urwego rukomeye mu gusigasira no kubumbatira ibyagezweho n’ubuyobozi mu buzima bw’igihugu muri rusange, ariko uko bigaragara itangazamakuru riramutse ryirengagijwe ntirihabwe ubushobozi rishobora gushyira abaturage n’igihugu mu bibabazo.
Itangazamakuru ni umuyoboro mwiza mu kubaka Sosiyete n’igihugu, ariko birushaho kugenda neza iyo ryubahirije amahame n’inshingano byaryo. Ayo mahame ahanini agendera ku kumenyesha abaturage ibyabereye hirya no hino mu gihugu ( informer), guhugura (Eduquer), kwigisha abaturage kugira ngo bagire ubumenyi ku bintu binyuranye binyuze mu biganiro ( former), kubera ijisho no kuvugira abaturage (Advocacy), gushimisha abaturage babaruhura mu mutwe (Entertainment).
Iyo witegereje neza cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’ amajyambere, izi nshingano z’itangazamakuru si kenshi zikunze kubahirizwa kuko zigenda zita uwo murongo bityo zikisanga zagizwe ibikoresho by’inzego z’ubutegetsi buba buriho, cyangwa ugasanga ibitangazamakuru bimwe na bimwe bishinze imizi ku banyapolitike bamwe na bamwe. Ibi bitera kwibaza aho iryo tangazamakuru ryakwerekera nuko ryagaragara muri rubanda umunsi abo banya politike bazavaho cyangwa ubutegetsi buhindutse, mu gihe nyamara ryagakwiye kuba rishakira abaturage (Society) ibikubiye mu inshingano n’amahame ryakabaye byubahirizwa.
Abata umurongo babiterwa n’iki?
Birashoboka ko uko guta umurongo byaba ahanini abanyamakuru baba babitegetswe cyangwa bigaterwa n’ubukene nabwo bufatiye ku mikoro make. Birumvikana ko abanyamakuru iyo byabagendekeye bityo , ntibaba bagikora kinyamwuga kuko baba badakora inkuru ziri mu nyungu z’abaturage, ahubwo baba basigaye bakora inkuru ziri mu murongo runaka ugamije inyungu z’abantu kugiti cyabo. Rimwe na rimwe bagakora bahawe ikiboza ubwonko, hakaba n’abumva bihagije gutumirwa aho agaburirwa akabon an’insimburamubyizi. Ibi byose ni inzitizi n’imitego byatuma uyu mwuga wabo udashobora guteza imbere rubanda n’itangazamakuru ubwaryo, mu gihe hari abakiwukora muri izo nzira.
Umunyamakuru umeze atyo aba aganisha ku kuroha igihugu n’abaturage bacyo. Aha rero twatekereza ko bene abo banyamakuru ntaho baba bataniye n’umwanzi utera igihugu cyangwa ufite ingengabitekerezo mbi kuburyo bakagombye baba bakwiye gukurikiranwa no kwigishwa hagamije kubaka ejo heza h’igihugu n’abaturage hatarebwe inyungu zako kanya no kwikunda kwa buri ruhande nyamara icyari gikwiye gushyirwa imbere ari abanyagihugu.
Urugero rw’Itangazamakuru ribi rurakibukwa na benshi
Kuvuga ku bubi bw’itangazamakuru rikozwe nabi, ntibiri kure y’intekerezo z’Umunyarwanda kuko by’umwihariko hagati ya 1990-1994 twumvise tunabona byinshi. Muribuka ikinyamakuru Kangura na radio RTLM uko byafashije Leta mu gushishikariza igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda kurimbura no kwica abo badahuje ubwoko!
Abari bakuriye cyangwa bakoze muri ibyo bitangazamakuru mwabonye ingaruka zababayeho mu rwego rw’ ubutabera. Ayo mateka mabi agomba kugira icyo kwibutsa cyangwa yigisha kugira ngo itangazamakuru ry’ubu mu Rwanda ritazagwa muri uwo mutego mutindi.
Muri uko gusubiza amaso inyuma itangazamakuru ryari ryarasenyutse kuburyo ryagombaga kongera gusanwa kimwe n’ ibindi byinshi byangiritse muri 1994. Muri icyo gihe Itangazamakuru ntiryari ryorohewe no kuzuza inshingano mu gihe abarikoragamo hafi ya bose batari baranabyigiye cyangwa ngo babihugurirwe.
Mu Rwanda, gusana itangazamakuru birashoboka cyane
Itangazamakuru ni umwuga mwiza ariko ukomeye kandi ukeneye ubwisanzure. Iyo urebye uru rwego narwo rwavuye kure, kurwubaka byasabaga igihe n’ubushobozi bihagije, aho rugeze ubu umuntu ntiyabura kuvuga ko rwateye imbere nubwo hagisigaye intambwe ndende, ubona hari ubushake ariko ubushobozi buke bigakomeza kuba imbogamizi.
Mu maraporo mpuzamahanga yerekeye itangazamakuru mu Rwanda, bikunze kugaragara ko ridahagaze neza cyane kuko riza mu myanya ya mbere mu bihugu aho ridakora neza. U Rwanda rukunze kubitera utwatsi, byaba byo bitaba byo igikenewe muri urwo rwego ni uko nibyo banenga bikwiriye gukosoka bityo bakazabura ibyo banenga niba batazatuka inka igicebe cyayo.
Kuko nkunda itangazamakuru numva ryakagombye kuba urwego ntagereranywa ryateye imbere ku kigero cyiza kugeza ku kigero kimwe n izindi nzego z’igihugu zishimwa. Mu gusesengura kwanjye nasanze hari ibitangazamakuru n’abanyamakuru badindiza uru rwego kandi ugasanga bikenewe ko bigarurwa ku murongo kugira ngo kera kabaye bitazoreka imbaga.
Ibyo bitangazamakuru ababifite mu nshingano aha ndavuga miinisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’ igihugu (MINALOC), Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imiyoborere (RGB), Inama Nkuru y’ Itangazamakuru (MHC), urwego rw’abanyamakuru bigenzura (RMC), Ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamakuru (ARJ), Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro (RURA), … kureba neza itangazamakuru bashinzwe kureberera no kuryongerera ubushobozi hanashyirwaho imirongo ihamye kandi ifitiye inyungu abaturage aho gusanga itangazamakuru riri gusebanya no kwinjira mushingano zitari izaryo, rikurikiyeyo amaramuko.
Ikindi gikwiye kwitabwaho nuko habaho kubwiza ukuri abakurikira n’abasomyi,bitabaye ngombwa guhindura buri nkuru byacitse. Abanditsi bakibaza ngo: Ese ibyandikwa niko byose bifitiye umumaro abaturage? Ese biba biganisha he? Umuturage cyangwa umusomyi bimwungura iki?.
Kubakira itangazamakuru ubushobozi ntibibe amagambo gusa
Itangazamakuru rishyitse kandi rifatika rikeneye ubushobozi butari ukugirwa inama gusa, butari amahugurwa gusa, kandi butari ubupimirwa gusa mu bwinshi bw’ibitangazamakuru. Yego ibyo byose birakenewe, ariko ntibihagije, nta n’icyo byamara ridafite amikoro, kuko na kera na kare, baca umugani ngo “Harima ikiri mu nda”. Hakenewe ubushobozi mu mikoro, Leta ikarifungurira amasoko, ntiyiharirwe na bake cyangwa bamwe gusa, kandi ikarifungurira amasoko atari intica ntikize.
Itangazamakuru niririndwe umujagararo
Hakenewe kandi ko itangazamakuru rishyirirwaho urwego rumwe rurishinzwe, aho kubarizwa henshi nk’uko byagaragajwe mu nzego zavuzwe hejuru. Ibi byaririnda umujagararo, ibyemezo birifatirwa bikigirwa hamwe kandi bitavuguruzanya, n’urikeneye akamenya aho aribariza.
Umwanzuro
Abasomyi cyangwa abakunda itangazamakuru bakwiye guharanira ko uru rwego rutera imbere, ibitangazamakuru bikitwara neza nta kubogama bikagirwa inama bitaba ibyo hagafatwa ibyemezo bituma uyu mwuga usigasirwa. Itangazamakuru ryiza ryubaka igihugu, rishishikariza ituze n’amahoro, umutekano n’ubumwe bw’abaturage. Naho iribi rirasenya kandi iyo bidasuzumwe neza n’ababirebera igihugu kiba umuyonga. Ari ibyiza cyangwa ibibi itangazamakuru rirabishoboye. Abanyamakuru bose bafashe imbunda nako amakaramu yabo bashobora gutuma u Rwanda, n’akarere ruherereyemo ndetse no muri Africa muri rusange haboneka amahoro asesuye twese twifuza.
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