Marshall Idi Amin Dada ni Umugande wagiye ku butegetsi mu 1971 ahiritse Milton Obote, abuvaho mu 1979 na we ahiritswe n’ingabo za Tanzania zifatanyije n’abataravugaga rumwe na we. Ni umuyobozi wafatwaga nk’umugome n’umunyagitugu, wica ku buryo byageze aho bamuhimba izina ‘Umubazi wa Uganda’. Ubu imyaka 17 iruzuye uyu musirikare wihaye ipeti riruta ayandi apfuye.
Ubwo Idi Amin yajyaga ku butegetsi, yari afite ipeti rya General Major, yari yarahawe na Milton Obote. Ubwo icyo gihe yahise yizamura mu ntera, yiha amazina akomeye mu nzego hafi ya zose zigize ubuzima bwa muntu. Yiyise Marshall (ipeti rya mbere mu gisirikare), Doctor (izina rikomeye mu baminuje), Al Hadji (umwanya ukomeye mu idini ya Isilamu) n’andi menshi.
Ubuzima bwa Idi Amin ku butegetsi bwe, bwaranzwe no gusesagura umutungo w’igihugu nko gutegura ibirori bimushimisha bikanamuzamurira ikuzo n’igitinyiro muri Uganda no mu mahanga. Ntiyemeraga ko umuntu wese umwubahuka, ntavuge rumwe na politiki ye akomeza kubaho kuko yahitaga amwivugana. Ni umwe mu bayobozi bavugwaho kwica imbaga nyamwinshi y’abaturage, akaba azwiho gusambanya ab’igitsina gore.
Mwasoma ibitabo nka: [State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin cyanditswe na Henry Kyemba na Ghost of Kampala: The Rise and Fall of Idi Amin cya George Ivan Smith.]
Idi Amin yifuje ko Abisirayeli bafatiwe bugwate muri Uganda bicwa
Tariki ya 27 Kamena 1976, indege Airbus A300B4-203 y’ikigo cya Air France yaturutse mu murwa Tel Aviv wa Israel, igana muri Athens mu Bugiriki gufatayo abandi bagenzi 58. Yahagurukanye abagenzi 248 barimo Abisirayeli 94 mu Bugiriki, harimo ibyihebe 4, yerekeza mu Bufaransa.
Ibi byihebe byayobeje iyi ndege yagombaga kujya i Paris, biyijyana mu mujyi wa Benghazi muri Libya kwa Col. Muammar Kadhaffi, ku munsi wakurukiyeho biyerekeza ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Entebbe, i Kampala muri Uganda, Marshall Idi Amini ayakirana yombi ndetse yifuza ko izo mbohe zahita zicwa.
Ibi byihebe byageze ubwo birekura abagenzi 148, ba Bisirayeli 94 n’abakozi bo mu ndege birabagumana, gahunda ari ukubica mu gihe Israel yaba itarubahirije ibyo byayisabaga birimo akayabo k’amafaranga no gufungura Abanya-Palestine yari ifungiye ahantu hatandukanye.
Israel yakomeje kugirana ibiganiro n’ibi byihebe, Idi Amin agashyigikira ko ubwumvikane bwabura. Ibiganiro byarananiranye maze Israel itegura umugambi wo gukoresha imbaraga za gisirikare n’ubutasi, Mosad (urwego rw’ubutasi rwa Israel) itangira gushakisha uburyo ingabo z’igihugu zizasesera muri Entebbe zikabohora izi mbohe.
Umuvandimwe wa Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israel, Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu ni we wayoboye ingabo za Israel zari zigiye kugaba igitero cyiswe ‘Operation Thunderbolt’ cyangwa se ‘Operation Entebbe’ muri Entebbe. Zarahagurutse, zibanza kugusha indege zazo ebyiri ku kibuga cy’indege cya Jomo Kenyatta muri Kenya, bigeze tariki ya 3 Nyakanga mu ijoro zisesekara kuri Entebbe zikoresheje imodoka zisa neza n’izo Idi Amin yagenderagamo n’izamuherekezaga. Gusa hari abasirikare babiri ba Uganda babatahuye, batangira kurasa.
Habaye ukurasana kw’ingabo za Israel, iza Uganda ndetse n’ibyihebe, kwatwaye isaha n’iminota 30. Ibyibehe byose byarishwe, ingabo za Uganda zibarirwa muri 40 ziricwa ndetse n’indege z’intambara za Uganda zari kuri Entebbe ziraraswa. Ingabo za Israel zabohoje imbohe 102, zizisubiza iwabo. Ku rundi ruhande, Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu yaguye muri iyi Operasiyo, arashwe n’umusirikare wa Uganda warasishaga imbunda ya mudahusha, abandi bakomando batanu barakomereka.
Abakomando ba Israel babohoye imbohe zabo, batahukana insinzi
Bigaragara muri filimi nka [Victory at Entebbe ya Julius Harris, Raid on Entebbe ya Yaphet Kotto na Rise and Fall of Idi Amin.]
Marshal Idi Amin ajya kuva ku butegetsi
Abasirikare ba Uganda ku butegetsi bwe bari babayeho nabi, batangira igisa n’imyigaragambyo basaba ko habaho impinduka. Idi Amin yanze kubyumva, yumva ko bari kumwigomekaho, ni ko gushaka kubikiza, akabica.
Byageze aho aba basirikare barimo abakomeye batangiye guhunga Marshall Idi Amin, bajya muri Tanzania. Uyu munyagitugu yatangiye gutekereza ko Leta ya Tanzania yaba ikomeje kugumura aba basirikare ba Uganda, ndetse ikanabakirana urugwiro. Yashoje intambara kuri Tanzania, yizeye neza ko ayitsinda bitewe n’uko yari ayirusha umubare w’abasirikare, ikindi kandi we yari ashyigikiwe na Col. Muammar Kadhafi wari ufite igisirikare gikomeye.
Tanzania ibonye ko bikomeye, nayo yatangiye gushakisha uburyo yahuza imbaraga z’igisirikare kiriho (cyarimo abasirikare 40,000), n’abandi bafite aho bahuriye no kurinda umutekano, hiyongereyeho abademobe. Iki gihugu kandi cyarimo imitwe nka Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF) na FRONASA wari uyobowe na Gen. Yoweri Museveni, yiteguraga guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Idi Amin; iyo nayo yifatanyije nabo guhangana n’ingabo za Idi Amin zari zikimutezeho amaboko.
Tanzania yatumijeho ibitwaro biremereye, biturutse muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyete bizwi nka BM Katioucha byari bifite ubushobozi bwo kurasa hakurya ku birindiro by’ingabo za Marshal Idi Amin mu Ntara ya Kagera. Leta ya Israel nayo yateye inkunga Tanzania, yihorera kuri Uganda yari yarafashe bugwate ba Bisirayeli 94 n’abakozi bo mu ndege muri Entebbe.
Uruhande rwa Tanzania rwakomeje guhungabanya bikomeye urwa Uganda, ariko narwo rukomeza kwihagararaho rukoresheje indege zo mu bwoko bwa Tupolev Tu-22 rwari rwarahawe na Col. Kadhafi, zarasaga mu mujyi wa Mwanza muri Mata 1979 ariko amateka avuga ko ntacyo zangije gikomeye.
Urugamba rwarangiye Idi Amin atsinzwe, uruhande rwa Tanzania rwamaze no gufata umurwa wa Kampala. Byatumye uyu Marshall ahungira muri Arabie Saoudité, arekura ubutegetsi.
Ibimodoka by’intambara bya M4A1 Shermans ntacyo byamariye Marshal Idi Amin
Yusuf Lule wari uyoboye UNLF ni we wahise asimbura Idi Amin, na we bidaciye kabiri asimburwa na Godfrey Binaisa. Binyuze mu matora, Milton Obote wari uhagarariye ishyaka rya UPC (Uganda People’s Congress) yaratsinze mu 1980, ayobora Uganda kugeza mu 1986 ahiritswe na Museveni.
Tariki ya 16 Kanama 2003, humvikanye amakuru ko Marshall Idi Amin Dada wari ukiri mu Buhungiro muri Arabie Saoudité yapfuye. Yaguye mu bitaro bya King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center biherereye mu mujyi wa Riyadh, azize indwara y’impyiko nk’uko bivugwa.
Ibitabo wasoma bivuga kuri Idi Amin nka: [Idi Amin Dada, Hitler in Africa cya Thomas Patrick Melady na General Amin cya David Martin.]
