Nyuma y’umwaka umwe u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bisinyanye amasezerano y’amahoro yashyiriweho umukono i Washington, ayo masezerano akomeje kudindira ndetse hari n’impungenge z’uko ashobora kurangirira mu “bukerarugendo bwa dipolomasi”.
Ku wa 27 Kamena 2025 ni bwo Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Amb. Olivier Nduhungirehe na mugenzi we Thérèse Wagner Kayikwamba wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bashyize umukono kuri ariya masezerano, mu muhango wayobowe n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Marco Rubio.
Byari mbere y’uko ku wa 4 Ukuboza 2025, ba Perezida Paul Kagame na Félix Tshisekedi na bo bayashyiraho umukono, mu muhango wayobowe na Perezida Donald Trump.
Aya masezerano yari yitezweho gushyira iherezo ku ntambara imaze imyaka isaga 30 ibera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Raporo y’urwego rwigenga rukurikirana kandi rugasesengura uko amasezerano y’amahoro muri Afurika ashyirwa mu bikorwa ruzwi nka Barometer of Peace Agreements in Africa (BAPA), ivuga ko nyuma y’umwaka ariya masezerano asinywe kuri ubu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo rikiri hasi.
Raporo ya ruriya rwego ivuga ko muri rusange amasezerano amaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku kigero cya 35% gusa.
Iyo raporo igaragaza ko mu mirimo 30 ijyanye n’amasezerano ya Washington yari iteganyijwe, itatu yonyine ari yo yarangiye burundu, umunani ikaba itaratangirwa mu gihe indi iri mu byiciro bitandukanye by’ishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ku rwego rw’ibihugu, raporo igaragaza ko RDC imaze gushyira mu bikorwa 31,7% by’ibyo yiyemeje, mu gihe u Rwanda rugeze kuri 30,6%.
Ni mu gihe abahuza mpuzamahanga barimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Qatar n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe bo bageze ku kigero cya 53,5%, bakaba ari na bo bafite intambwe iruta iy’abandi.
Umwanditsi Mukuru wa raporo ya BAPA, Dr. Roger-Claude Liwanga, avuga ko ibimaze gukorwa byibanze cyane ku nzego z’ubuyobozi no gushyiraho inzego z’ubufatanye, ariko ikibazo nyamukuru cy’umutekano kikaba kigikomeje.
Yavuze ko “hatabayeho intambwe zifatika mu rwego rw’umutekano, aya masezerano azahinduka ubukerarugendo bwa dipolomasi butazagira umusaruro ugaragara ku buzima bw’abaturage. Aho ni ho tugeze uyu munsi.”
Liwanga asobanura ko ikibazo gikomeye kiri mu masezerano ari uko atasobanuye neza uburyo hazagenzurwa uko umutwe wa FDLR ugomba gusenywa.
Ati: “Icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye. Nyuma y’amezi make, RDC ishobora kuvuga ko yamaze gusenya FDLR, u Rwanda na rwo rukavuga ko bitarakorwa kuko impande zombi zitigeze zemeranya ku bipimo bizakoreshwa.”
Raporo igaragaza kandi ko kuva ayo masezerano yasinywa, imirwano hagati ya AFC/M23 n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo (FARDC) yakomeje, cyane cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, ndetse intambara yifashisha za drone ikaba yarafashe indi ntera; ibintu byakomeje kugira ingaruka mbi ku baturage.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko nubwo hari ibikorwa byakozwe birimo ishyirwaho ry’urwego rwa ‘Joint Security Coordination Mechanism’ ruhuza ibikorwa by’umutekano n’izindi nzego zigenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano, amahoro nyirizina ku butaka ataragerwaho.
Liwanga kandi agaragaza ko ibintu byatangiye kugenda buhoro buhoro nyuma y’ibihano Amerika yafatiye bamwe mu bayobozi b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda n’abakekwaho kugira uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ava muri Congo.
Ati: “Impande zari zizi ko nta bihano cyangwa izindi ngamba z’igitutu zari ziteganyijwe. Ariko kuva ibyo bihano byatangira gufatwa, ni bwo ibintu byatangiye kugenda biguru ntege.”
Raporo inagaruka ku biganiro bya Doha bihuza Leta ya RDC na AFC/M23, ikavuga ko na byo bitaragera ku ntego byari byitezweho.
Liwanga yemeza ko ikibazo ari uko hari indi mitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro itari muri iyo gahunda y’ibiganiro.
Ati: “Hari imitwe ivuga ko itarebwa n’izi gahunda z’ibiganiro zombi. Byaba byiza ishakiwe uburyo bwo kubyinjizwamo hakiri kare, bitaba ibyo tukazisanga twasubiye aho twatangiriye.”
Nubwo amasezerano ya Washington yari aherekejwe n’umushinga mugari wo guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bukungu hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, harimo n’umushinga w’urugomero rwa Rusizi III, na wo uracyadindira kubera ikibazo cy’umutekano no kutizerana hagati y’impande zombi.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Donald Trump bwashyize imbaraga nyinshi muri aya masezerano kubera inyungu z’ubukungu, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro nka cobalt, Coltab na cuivre biboneka muri RDC.
Gusa bavuga ko amahoro arambye azagerwaho ari uko impande zose zubahirije ibyo ziyemeje, aho kwibanda gusa ku mishinga y’ishoramari.
